Developmental Biolog y Protocols

Developmental Biolog y
Protocols
Volume I
Rocky S . Tua n
Cecilia W. Lo
Preface
List of Color Plates
Companion Tables of Contents for Volumes II and III
Contributors
v
ix
xvii
xx v
PART I INTRODUCTIO N
1 Developmental Biology Protocols : Overview I
Rocky S. Tuan and Cecilia W. Lo
PART II SYSTEMS :
3
PRODUCTION, CULTURE, AND STORAG E
2 Rearing Larvae of Sea Urchins and Sea Stars for Developmenta l
Studies
Christopher J. Lowe and Gregory A . Wray
3 Large-Scale Culture and Preparation of Sea Urchin Embryos fo r
Isolation of Transcriptional Regulatory Protein s
James A. Coffman and Patrick S. Leahy
17
4 The Chick Embryo as a Model System for Analyzing Mechanism s
of Developmen t
Diana K. Darnell and Gary C. Schoenwolf
25
5 Culture of Avian Embryo s
Diana K. Darnell and Gary C. Schoenwolf
6 Exo Ovo Culture of Avian Embryo s
Tamao Ono
7 Culture of Preimplantation Mouse Embryo s
Adam S. Doherty and Richard M. Schultz
8 In Vitro Culture of Rodent Embryos During the Earl y
Postimplantation Perio d
Masahiko Fujinaga
9 Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryo s
Jean Richa
PART III
9
31
39
47
53
77
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN AND MORPHOGENESI S
10 Studying Head and Brain Development in Drosophila
Robert Finkelstein
85
11 Bioassays of Inductive Interactions in Amphibian Developmen t
Takashi Ariizumi, Kazuhiro Takano, Makoto Asashima ,
and George M. Malacinski
89
12 Gastrulation and Early Mesodermal Patterning in Vertebrate s
Gary C. Schoenwolf and Jodi L . Smith
13 Craniofacial Development of Avian and Rodent Embryo s
Brian K. Hall and Tom Miyake 14 Examination of the Axial Skeleton of Fetal Rodent s
Michael G. Narotsky and John M. Rogers
15 Cardiac Morphogenesis and Dysmorphogenesis :
An Immunohistochemical Approac h
.
B Rush Waller, 111 and Andy Wessels 11 3
12 7
139
15 1
PART IV EMBRYO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIO N
16 Application of Plastic Embedding for Sectioning Whole-Moun t
Immunostained Early Vertebrate Embryo s
165
Kersti K. Linask and Takeshi Tsuda
17 Confocal Microscopy of Live Xenopus Oocytes, Eggs, and Embryo s
175
Carolyn A . Larabell
18 Whole-Mount Immunolabeling of Embryos by Microinjection :
Increased Detection Levels of Extracellular and Cel l
Surface Epitopes
183
Charles D . Little and Christopher J. Drake
19 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Morphology and Apoptosi s
in Organogenesis-Stage Mouse Embryo s
19 1
Robert M. Zucker, E. Sidney Hunter Ill, and John M. Rogers
20 Embryo/Fetal Topographical Analysis by Fluorescence Microscop y
and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscop y
203
Robert M. Zucker and John M. Rogers
s
21 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Embryo
21 1
Bradley R. Smith
22 Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Developmental Biolog y
Stephen A . Boppart, Mark E . Brezinski,
21 7
and James G. Fujimoto
23 Ultrasound Backscatter Microscopy of Mouse Embryo s
Daniel H. Turnbull 24 Use of Doppler Echocardiography to Monitor Embryonic Mous e
Heart Functio n
Kersti K. Linask and James C. Huhta
25 Calcium Imaging and Cell-Cell Signalin g
Diane C. Slusarski and Victor G. Corces
26 Acquisition, Display, and Analysis of Digital Three Dimensional and Time-Lapse (Four-Dimensional) Data Set s
Using Free Software Application s
Charles F. Thomas and John G . White
235
245
253
263
PART V CELL LINEAGE ANALYSI S
27 Cell Lineage Analysis : Applications of Green Fluorescent Protei n
Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz and Jonathon Pines
279
28 Cell Lineage Analysis : X-Inactivation Mosaics
Seong-Seng Tan, Leanne Godinho, and Patrick P. L . Tam
29 Retroviral Cell Lineage Analysis in the Developing Chick Hear t
Robert G . Gourdie, Gang Cheng, Robert P. Thompson,
and Takashi Mikawa
30 Dynamic Labeling Techniques for Fate Mapping, Testin g
Cell Commitment, and Following Living Cells in Avian Embryo s
Diana K. Darnell, Virginio Garcia-Martinez ,
Carmen Lopez-Sanchez, Shipeng Yuan ,
and Gary C . Schoenwolf
31 Cell Lineage Analysis : Videomicroscopy Technique s
Paul J. Heid and Jeff Hardin
32 Cell Lineage Analysis in Xenopus Embryo s
Sally A . Moody
33 Photoactivatable (Caged) Fluorescein as a Cell Tracer for Fat e
Mapping in the Zebrafish Embry o
David J. Kozlowski and Eric S . Weinberg
34 Carboxyfluorescein as a Marker at Both Light an d
Electron Microscope Levels to Follow Cell Lineag e
in the Embry o
Dazhong Sun, C. May Griffith, and Elizabeth D . Hay
28 9
29 7
305
323
33 1
34 9
35 7
PART VI CHIMERA S
35 Transplantation Chimeras : Use in Analyzing Mechanisms
of Avian Developmen t
36 7
Diana K. Darnell and Gary C . Schoenwolf
36 Interspecific Chimeras in Avian Embryo s
Nicole M. Le Douarin, Frangoise Dieterlen-Lievre ,
Marie-Aimee Teillet, and Catherine Ziller
373
37 Quail-Chick Transplantation in the Embryonic Limb Bu d
38 7
Elizabeth E. LeClair and Rocky S . Tuan
38 Mouse Chimeras and the Analysis of Developmen t
39 7
Richard L . Gardner and Timothy J. Davies
39 Cell Grafting and Fate Mapping of the Early-Somite-Stag e
Mouse Embryo
42 5
Simon J. Kinder, Seong-Seng Tan, and Patrick P . L . Tam
40 Interspecific Chimeras : Transplantation of Neural Crest Between Mouse an d
Chick Embryos
Margaret L . Kirby, Harriett Stadt, Donna Kumiski,
and Vlad Herlea 43 9
41 Interspecific Mouse-Chick Chimera s
44 3
Josiane Fontaine-Perus
42 Mosaic Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
PART VII
EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF EMBRYO S
43 Local Application of Bone Morphogenic Protein on Developin g
Chick Embryos Using a Fibrous Glass Matrix as a Carrie r
Akira Nifuji and Masaki Noda 44 Laser Ablation and Fate Mappin g
Margaret L . Kirby, Donna Kumiski, Harriett Stadt,
and Greg Hunter
45 Photoablation of Cells Expressing ß-Galactosidas e
Sheila Nirenberg
46 Exo utero Surgery
Valerie Ngo-Muller and Ken Muneoka PART VIII
465
47 1
475
48 1
APPLICATION OF VIRAL VECTORS IN THE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMEN T
47 Methods for Constructing and Producing Retroviral Vector s
Andrea Gambotto, Seon Hee Kim, Sunyoung Kim ,
and Paul D. Robbins
48 Retroviral Gene Transduction in Limb Bud Micromass Culture s
N. Susan Stott and Cheng-Ming Chuong
49 Construction of Adenoviral Vector s
Alan R. Davis, Nelson A . Wivel, Joseph L . Palladino,
Luan Tao, and James M. Wilson
50 Application of Adenoviral Vectors : Analysis of Eye Developmen t
Jean Bennett, Yong Zeng, Abha R. Gupta, an d
Albert M. Maguire
51 The Application of Adenoviral Vectors in the Study of Mammalia n
Cardiovascular Developmen t
Craig S. Mickanin and H. Scott Baldwin
Index
495
509
51 5
525
53 7
545