Dissertation: Integrierte Verarbeitung von Satellitenbild

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jk GlJALm@onIEPO>CqpsEPr pNtD>Ar @
u)E>SFGAHLGISqL>I@bv>IGIJwxLm@9RKLM9MV>IGAHMby)LMbLG
JALm@ozoGIS j Lm@9MVSqp EPr p-nA@DSFJALm@9SFUmSgEGIE|{>l}EP@9CFMV@9>IWALK~€-ƒ‚
HLGALWIRTSqHpbL
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jk G
†‡GAHAˆ‰ŠˆŒ‹UPˆ  k @9HL|‹SFC j EKŽ)LGpbLG k
E>IM-EKEP{‘ u k FC S j SqLG
2EPHTJALm@oR >Ir GIJICgSFU9WALG’@ >Ar t…>GAHA“^”•ˆ—–˜ˆ™˜P–––
E>AšIpb@9Lmt›Lm@VLGpm“,@ k tˆIœ@ˆ v†‡GAHAˆEGIM‡v!2LmpbLm@žu Er WA@
} k @V@VLmt…Lm@VLGpm“ ,@ k tˆIœ@ˆ v†‡GAHAˆœžSqLmpbLm@‰ k @9HLGIMbpbLm@9G
}EP@9CFMb@D>IWAL‘?”•ˆ nALmŸI@D>IEP@o˜P–––
†‡RNEWIR LG JALm@Kn k r @DJALm@9>IGAH JALm@KSFGpbLm@9GIEPpVS k GECqLG7=?>IMVER R LGIEP@VŸ?LSqp SgGŠ k UDWIMVUDW>ICFLG >IGIJ SFM9MbLGIMVUDWIEPt›pm‘
Lm@DWISqLCqpSFU9W LSgG jk R œoœ ~€œL>ApVMVUDWALm@oOPEJALR SFMVUDWALm@>IMbpVE>IMVUDWIJISqLGMbpD‚<{>AHLMbšI@ k U9WILGALM0‹pVSqš?LGIJSF>IR&{>A@
,@ k R k pVS k GER †‡GIMbpVSqpV>Ip0t >Ar @$,W k p k H@9ERTRKLmpb@9SqL>IGJ nALm@DGALm@VO>IGIJI>IGIH JALm@#zGIS j Lm@9MVSFp EPr p)}EP@DCFMb@9>IWILˆu)Lmpb@VL>ALm@
JSqLMbLm@ o@VŸ?LSqpƒy$EP@|,@ k t+ˆœ@ˆ v†‡GAHAˆ2WEPŸSFC ˆEGIM‡v!2LmpbLm@Ku Er WA@‘<LSqpbLm@ JILM †‡GIMbpVSqpV>IpbLMmˆ<B,M|WIEGIJILCqpbLTMVSFUDW>IR
LSgGAL n k @9M9U9W>IGAHMVEP@VŸ?LSqpE>IMJALR u)Lm@VLSFUDW JALMNB0SFGIMVEPpb{mLM jk G nALm@9GALm@VO>IGIJ>IGAH >IGIJl@9E>IR Ÿ3Lm{ k HLGILGYœžEPpbLG
>GpbLm@Nu)Lm@ >r UVOMVSFU9WpVSqH>IGIHTJALm@-<EPHL|SFG ‹ >Ir JERKLm@9SqOPEˆ
Er WA@VLGJlJISqLMbLm@o=?LSqp-WIEPpNR SgU9W RKLSFG œ k Op k @ j EPpbLm@,@ k t+ˆIœo@sˆ v†+GAHAˆ WIEPŸSFC ˆAEGIM‡v!2LmpbLm@žu Er WI@-HLmt k r @DJALm@VpN>IGJ
>GpbLm@9MVpP>Ar pb{mpmˆ^no>Ir @JISqL zor Ÿ?Lm@9GIEWIR L|JISFLMbLm@o@VŸ?LSqpž>IGIJ JISqL|t›@9L>IGIJICFSgU9WAL u)Lm{SqLW>IGAH JISFL Lm@žLm@9R k r HCgSFU9WpbL‘^Ÿ?L v
JEGAOLNSFUDWTR SFUDWKŸ?LSISFWIRlˆBŸ?LGIM k R k r UDWpbLžSFUDW R SFUDW Ÿ?LJIEGAOLGKŸ?LSIECgCqLGKLWALR ECgSqHLG >IGIJ ‡Lmpb{SqHLG } k CFCqLmHLG
JILMž†+GIMVpVSqpV>ApbLMm‘?JISqL R Sq@žJI>A@9UDW SFWA@VL nA@VL>IGJIMVU9WEPt›pƒ>IGIJYwxLm@9Mbp Er GJIGISFMHLW k Cqt…LG6WIEPŸ?LG^ˆ NŸ?Lm@ jk @ECFCqLR ŸSgG
SgU9W6t >Ar @ JISFL zoGpbLm@9Mbp >Ar pb{>GAH RKLSFGILm@nA@9E>JEGAOŸ EP@‘JALGIG M9SqLKy)EP@|SFR RKLm@ƒŸ?Lm@VLSFpm‘R Sqp XLJI>CFJ6>IGIJ6SqLmŸ?L‘
RTSFU9WlJ>A@9U9W ECgCqL ‹SqpV>IEPpVS k GALG’{>lŸ?LmHCqLSqpbLG^ˆ
NWALšI@VLMVLGpy k @VOJALECgMyNSqpVWpVWAL,SFGpbLmH@9EPpVS k G k tAJIS?Lm@VLGpJIEPpVENM k >I@9U LMt k @2CgEGIJv!>IMbLUmCgEMVMVS UmEPpVS k G^ˆ ‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbL
SgR EPHLm@žEGIJMVUmEGIGILJƒp k š k H@9EPšWISFUxRTEPšMEP@VL,>MbLJžp k-k ŸIpVESFG EG >Aš^JIEPpbLJƒJALM9U @9SqšIpVS k G k tpVWALB0EP@VpVW—M<M9>A@Vt€EU L
EPpN@VLmHS k GIM#yoWALm@VLJIEPpVE E j ESgCFEPŸSFCFSFpTSFM-šI@VLUmEP@9S k >Mm‘AEMNSFM k t…pbLGlpVWAL UmEMbL SFG JAL j LC k šSFGAH U k >IGpb@9SqLMˆ
‹AUmEGIGALJTRTEPšM,EP@VLoEGIECMbLJTEGIJ SFGAt k @9R EPpVS k GTSFM,JALm@DS j LJKt…@ k R pVWALo@9EMbpbLm@0@VLmšI@VLMbLGpVEPpVS k G k t^pVWISFMmˆNWAL@9MVp
MVpbLmšYSFM#p k MbLmšEP@9EPpbL|U k C k >A@NCgELm@9Mot›@ k R(E -Xžu SgR EPHL k tpVWAL R EPš<ˆ-WISFM-pVEMbO SFM#š?Lm@Vt k @9RKLJl>IM9SFGAHKE t€>A{m{
C k HSFU SFGAt…Lm@VLGIU L MVU9WALRTE‘ŸEMbLJ k G6@9>CqLMNpVWEPpƒLGIEPŸCqLKE MbLmHRKLGpVEPpVS k G ECFH k @9SqpVWIR p k EJIEPšIpƒp k pVWIL MVš3LUmSgEC
š@ k š?Lm@VpVSqLM k t pVWIL-SFR EPHL-p k Ÿ?L-MbLmHRKLGpbLJ^ˆ†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GKEPŸ k >AppVWAL k Ÿ ‡LU pVM@VLmšI@VLMbLGpbLJ SFG pVWIL-R EPšTSFMxCFEPpbLm@
JILm@9S j LJ’t›@ k R pVWALMbLmšEP@9EPpbLJ U k C k >A@-CFELm@9MmˆI<SgGALEP@-EGIJ EP@VLE t…LEPpV>A@VLM-EP@9LSFJALGpVSLJ’EGIJŸSFGIEP@TCFELm@DM#t k @
LEUDW CFEGJv!>IMbLUmCFEM9M-EP@VLƒšI@ k JI>IU LJˆ
Š@9>ICFL vŸEMbLJMMbpbLR SgM>IMbLJƒEM<ŸEMVSFM?t k @pVWAL,SgGpbLmH@9EPpVS k G k tpVWALSFGAt k @9R EPpVS k Gžt…@ k R&pVWIL,R EPš EGIJžpVWIL,MVEPpbLCFCFSFpbL
SgR EPHLm@ˆx-WALm@VLmt k @VL‘pVWALUmEP@Vp k H@9EPšWSFUSFGAt k @9R EPpVS k GŠt›@ k R pVWIL’Ÿ SFGIEP@6CFELm@9Mm‘JALm@9S j LJt…@ k R pVWAL MVUmEGIGALJ
RTEPš‘EGIJ pVWAL Mbš?LU pb@9EC<SFGAt k @9R EPpVS k G^‘ k ŸpVESFGALJlt…@ k R pVWAL @VLM9>ICqp k tET‰ EASFR >R <SFOLCFSFW kk JUmCFEM9MVS UmEPpVS k G‘
EP@9LT@VLmšI@9LMbLGpbLJEM t…>A{m{ MVLmpVM|EGJMbp k @VLJEM|GALmy H@9L CqL j LC0CgELm@9Mmˆ-WALMVLTEP@VLU k R ŸSgGALJEUmU k @9JSFGAH p k
>MbLm@bv!Mbš?LUmSLJ’@9>CqLM#SFG k @9JALm@Np k HLGALm@9EPpbL|E UmCFEMVMVSLJ SFR EPHLˆ
‹ASFGIU LƒpVWALUmCFEM9MVS UmEPpVS k G SFM#ŸEMbLJ k G t…>I{m{v!MbLmpopVWAL k @‘IpVWIL JAL GISFpVS k G k t2pVWIL GALU LMVMVEP@R LR Ÿ?Lm@9MVWSqšt…>IGU v
pVS k GIM-SFMoEKOL š k SFGp-SgG pVWAL UmCFEM9MVS UmEPpVS k Gˆ !@9Mbp#pbLMbpoy)EMoš?Lm@Vt k @9RKLJ >IMVSgGAHKt…>GIU pVS k GIM$pVWIEPpoy0Lm@9L JAL GILJ
Ÿ EGW>IR EG k š?Lm@9EPp k @ˆNWALMbLTy)Lm@VL šI@ k š k MbLJ Ÿ EMbLJ k GEGSFGpbLm@9EU pVS j L’pb@9SFECqv!EGIJvLm@V@ k @ EGIECMVSFM k t#pVWAL
L ?LU p k tNLEUDW t€>IGIU pVS k G k G pVWAL@VLMV>ICFpmˆ-WISgM pVEMbOSFM JAL " UmSqLGpm‘xMVSFGIU LE H@VLEPp ER k >IGp k tNt€>IGIU pVS k GM EGIJ
š EP@9ERKLmpbLm@9M EP@VLSFG jk C j LJ^ˆoLGIU L‘xEGECqpbLm@9GIEPpVS j L’p k LMbpVSFR EPpbL’pVWAL’t…>IGU pVS k GIMy$EM MbpV>IJISFLJ^ˆ<-WAL’M k CF>ApVS k G
SgMžŸEMbLJ k G6pVWIL šI@9SFGUmSqšCqLM k t0HLGILmpVSFU ECqH k @9SFpVWIR Mmˆ G6L jk CF>ApVS j L k šIpVSFR SFM9EPpVS k G šI@ k U LJI>A@VLKSFM JALMVSqHGALJ p k
MVLEP@9U9W t k @ƒpVWAL k šIpVSFR ECM k Cg>ApVS k G EUmU k @9JISFGAHp k @9>CqLMNpVWEPp@9LMbLR Ÿ CqL pVWALKGIEPpV>A@9EC2L jk CF>ApVS k G^ˆ3NWAL @VLMV>ICqp k t
pVWIL k špVSFR SFMVEPpVS k GšI@ k U LMVM š@ k J>IU LJŠE6MVLmp k tžRKLR Ÿ?Lm@9MVWISqšŠt…>GIU pVS k GIM|pVWIEPp y)Lm@VLlCFEPpbLm@ >IMbLJp k6k ŸIpVESgGE
pVWILR EPpVSFUSFR EPHL‘yNWISFUDW M9>IR R EP@9SgMbLMpVWALƒSFGIt k @9RTEPpVS k G k tŸ k pVWJIEPpVE|M k >A@9U LM#EGJ WIEM$EGW#ŸI@DSFJTUDWIEP@9EU pbLm@ˆ
NWALopbLMVp$EP@9LE|SgM0C k UmEPpbLJ SFG’M k >ApVWu)@9EP{SFC ‘yNSqpVWISgG pVWAL NS k J k M-‹SFG k M,ŸEM9SFG^‘GILEP@)pVWILžUmSFp k t2 k @9p k CqLmH@VLˆ
EGIJIMVEPpSFR EPHLm@YEGIJ E ‹š k poSFRTEPHL k txpVWAL MVERKL EP@VLE y0Lm@9L|>IMVLJ p k JALm@9S j L|SFGAt k @9R EPpVS k Gˆ3‹LCqLU pbLJ EP@VLEM
y)Lm@VL UmCgEMVMVSLJ EGJ >IMbLJlEM#H@ k >IGIJ pb@9>IpVWt k @opVWALUmECFSqŸI@DEPpVS k GšI@ k U LMVM->IM9SFGAH HLGALmpVSFUECFH k @9SqpVWIR Mˆ
žœ SqL jk @9CgSqLmHLGIJAL o@VŸ?LSqp Ÿ?LWIEGIJILCqp|JSqL’,@ k ŸCqLRTEPpVSqOJALm@K} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k G>GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILm@|œžEPpbLG>ALCFCqLG
{>I@-XžLmyNSFGIG>IGAH|LSFGALm@#u)LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ>IGIH JILm@$B,@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ Er UDWALˆAœLG ‹U9Wy0Lm@9š>IGAOp0Ÿ SFCFJALmp$JIEPŸ?LS JSqLoHLR LSFGIMVERKL
wxLm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAH jk G HLMVUmEGIGpbLG7}EP@VpbLG >IGIJ ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJALm@9GˆœE SFRTRKLm@|JSqL ‰ k r HCFSFUDWAOLSqp Ÿ?LMbpbLWpm‘xJIE
JSqLƒ{>A@#wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGAH MbpbLWALGIJALG }EP@VpbLG j Lm@9ECFpbLmpoMVSFGJ >IGIJL j LGpV>ALCFCGISgU9Wp-RKLWA@NJALm@ Sq@9OCFSgU9WAOLSqp$LGpVMbšI@VL v
UDWALG^‘Ÿ?LJIEP@VtJISFLowxLm@VOGx>Ar št…>IGIH JISqLMVLm@)†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG R SFp)E>IMN‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@9GKHLmy k GIGALGALG œžEPpbLGLSFGALm@
M k @VHt Er CFpVSqHLG GIECMbLˆ
œžEM X@D>IGIJAšI@ k ŸCqLR(SFG JISqLMVLR =?>MVER RKLGIWEGAHTŸ?LMbpbLWpƒJIEP@9SFG^‘ ŸEMVSqLm@9LGIJ E>At,†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALGYE>M>GpbLm@bv
M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WIL
G ž>ILCFCqLG ~‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJALm@9G >IGJHLMVUmEGGpbLG }EP@VpbLG ‚D‘ bLJALMKu$SFCFJALCqLR LGp|LSFGALm@Ku)LJAL>ApV>IGIH
{>I{>y)LSFMbLG^ˆœžE|Ÿ3LS ‡LJILm@ o@Vp jk G œEPpbLGIHLmyNSFGIG>IGAH|EGIJALm@VL oMVš3LmOpbLžJALm@ NLECFSqp EPr p$@VLmHSFMVpb@9SqLm@Vp0y0Lm@9JILG^‘SFMVp
LM#G k r pVSqHA‘AoSFGy)LSFMbLƒE>At<JISFLƒ=?>IHLW k r @9SqHOLSqp#JALm@$LSFGI{mLCFGALG,SLC {> JALG }CFEMVMVLG’E>M)JILG >IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJICFSFUDWALG
œžEPpbLG >ALCFCFLG EPŸI{>ICFLSqpbLG >IGJlMVSqL MVš EPr pbLm@RTSqpbLSFGIEGIJILm@#{> O k R ŸSFGISFLm@VLG^‘IM k JIE ER B,GIJILLSFGAL u)Lm{SqLW>IGAH
{myoSFMVU9WILGlJALG ,SLCFG >GIJ JALG <EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAHMbOCFEMVMbLGŸ?LMbpbLWpmˆ
œžSqL’œžEPpbLGŸEM9SFM t >Ar @ JSqLTJISqHSFpVECqLTu$SFCFJ j Lm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAHŸ?LMbpbLWp E>IM ‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJALm@9G >IGIJ } EP@VpbLG JEM MVSgGIJ
œžEPpbLG^‘3JISqLƒE>IUDWl@VLCFEPpVS j CqLSFUDWpoSFG B,Gp!yNSgUVOCF>IGAHMVC Er GIJALm@9G Lm@9W Er CqpVCgSFU9W MVSgGIJ^ˆ
u$EMVSFLm@VLGIJKE>At?JALR;HLMVUmEGGpbLG u)SgCFJKJALm@}EP@VpbLNyNSq@9J|LSFG ŸSgG EPr @VLMxu$SFCFJ|t >Ar @ ‡LJIL jk @9WIEGIJALGIL-nIEP@VŸ?L#Lm@V{mL>AHpmˆ
œžEPt >Ar @ yoSq@9J6LSFGt…>I{m{v!C k HSgU ŸEMVSFLm@VpbLM žšIpVSFR SqLm@D>IGAHM j Lm@Vt€EWA@VLG6EGIHLmy)EGIJIpmˆœžSqL jk CgCFMbp Er GIJISFHLTB@VOLGG>IGIH
ECgCqLm@} EP@VpbLG k Ÿ bLmOpbL yNSF@9J GISgU9Wp>IGpbLm@9MV>U9Wpm‘?M k GIJALm@9GYR EG Ÿ3LM9U9WA@ Er GIOpžMVSFUDWYE>At0CFSFGISqLGAv,>IGIJ 2Er U9WALGWIEPt›pbL
B0CqLRKLGpbL‘,JISqLlE>U9W SgG7JALG ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@DG jk @VO k RTRKLG^ˆ0œžSqLl} CFEMVMbLGAH@9LGA{mLG y)Lm@9JALG7Lm@DR SqpbpbLCqp >IGJ
ECgMNnI>A{m{v!‰YLGAHLG JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpm‘M k JE TSFWA@ EUDWIMbpV>IR k JALm@oSFWI@VLƒwxLm@VOCqLSFGALm@9>GAHKR k JILCFCFSqLm@Vp$y)Lm@9JALG OQEGIGˆ
>IM$JALG ‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJALm@9GKy)Lm@9JALG‘R Sqp$SFCqt…LoJALM$‰ ESFR|>IR v!SqOLCFSFW kk JvwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGIM‘GAL>ALoSFGy)LSFMbL >Ar Ÿ?Lm@
R k r HCFSFU9WIL}CFEMVMbLG EPŸHLCqLSqpbLmpmˆ
zGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LK‰ LGAHLG y0Lm@9JILG Ÿ3LG>Apb{mpm‘^>IR JISqL †‡GAt @9R EPpVS GALG JIEP@9{>IMbpbLCFCqLG >IGIJ MVSFL RTSqpbLSFGIEGIJILm@o{> O R v
Ÿ SFGISqLm@VLGˆzGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…L  k HSFOLSFHGALmpTMVSFUDW7H>ApTt >Ar @ k JISqLMbLG k =?y0LU9O ‘)JALGIG7JIERTSqpTSFMbp RTEG SFG7JILm@T<EPHL‘$kzoGAv
M9SFU9WALm@DWALSqp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ JISqLŸ?Lm@VLUDWIGALmpbL7=?>AHLW k r @DSqHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k G E>IJI@ >Ir UVOLG >IGIJ {> j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpbLG^ˆœEM nI>I{m{v
} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k GMVMVU9WILR E ŸSqLmpbLmp-LSgG k 3LGILMo‰ k JILCFC ‘IJIEMoEGYJISFLB,SqHLGIM9U9WIEPt…pbLG JALm@ƒ‹{mLGAL EGIHLmšE poy)Lm@9JALG
OPEGIG^‘JALGG LMŸEMVSqLm@VpE>At -LmHLCFGK>IGJ|>GIMVU9WEP@Vt›LG nI>GAOpVS k GALG^ˆ=?>A@,‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAHJALm@G k p!y)LGIJISqHLGK>IGMVU9WIEP@Vv
t…LGnI>GAOpVS k GALGƒyNSq@DJžLSFGƒwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG jk @VHLMVU9WCFEPHLG^‘Qy0LCFUDWALM<E>ItJILR @9SgGA{SqšƒJALm@<HLGILmpVSFMVU9WILG CqH k @9SqpVWIR LG
Ÿ EMVSqLm@Vpmˆ
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”PˆF” ‰ k pVS j EPpVS k G >GIJ @ k Ÿ CqLR MbpbLCFCg>IGAH ˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ m” –
”Pˆ™˜ ^= SqLCFMbLmpb{>IGIH ˆˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ” ˜
”Pˆ ƒX CFSqLJALm@9>GAHKJALm@ o@VŸ?LSqp ˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ” ˜
@A6CB<DE6F3HGH6C9I6KJMLN9I6F3-OQL
P 9IRQ6
/CS
˜ˆF” A‹ EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ”
˜ˆ™˜ } PE @VpbLG7ˆˆƒˆ ˆˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ”
˜ˆ B0Gbp {mLm@9@9>IGAH ˆˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ”
TVUH6CW%B<6C9<17OXYU-6[Z\BY;3-G57L=]6F3
ˆF” ‰ k JALCFCqLƒt >Ar @-JIEM-u$SFCgJ j Lm@9MbpbLWALG“ ‹{mLGAL j MmˆIu$SFCFJ ˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
ˆ™˜ ‰YLmpVW k JALGl{>I@#HLRKLSFGIMVER LGlwxLm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>GAHK>IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJICFSFUDWALm@#œEPpbLG ˆˆƒˆˆ
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ˆ™˜ˆ™˜ ‹pVEPpVSFMbpVSFM9U9WALm@ GIMVEPpb{ ˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
ˆ™˜ˆ œoLR šMbpbLm@bv+‹WEPt›Lm@bv!} k R ŸSgGIEPpVS k GIMb@9LmHLCFG ˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
ˆ™˜ˆ nI>A{m{v! k HSqO ˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
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AˆF” n EP@VŸMbLmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>GAH ˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
AˆF”PˆF” EWIC<JALMNnIEP@VŸI@9E>RKLM ˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
AˆF”Pˆ™˜ nIEP@VŸIpb@VLGG>IGIH ˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
AˆF”Pˆ oSFMVp k H@9ER R ŸEMVSqLm@VpbL nIEP@VŸMbLmHR LGpVSqLm@D>IGAH ˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
AˆF”Pˆ šIpVSFR SFLm@9>IGAH JALm@NnIEP@9ŸIpb@VLGIG>IGAH ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
AˆF”Pˆ u0Lmy)Lm@VpV>IGIH ˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
AˆF”Pˆ™• B@VHLmŸGSFMVMbLžˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ B,@VOLGIG>IGAH jk GY<EGIJIG>Apb{>IGIHMbH@9>AšIš?LG ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆF” B@Vt€EMVMV>IGIH jk GY<SFGSqLG ˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ™˜ B@Vt€EMVMV>IGIH jk GYnC Er U9WALG ˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ B@Vt€EMVMV>IGIH jk GY‰Y>MbpbLm@9Gl>IGJšEP@9ECFCqLCFLG’SFGISqLG ˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ œEM EMVMbLm@9M9U9WALSFJIL vwxLm@Vt…EWI@VLG ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ B@Vt€EMVMV>IGIH JILM‹pb@9E LGGALmpb{mLMNR SFp-JALR EMVMbLm@DMVU9WALSgJAL vwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG ˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ™• B@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G =3yNSFM9U9WALGA@ Er >IRKLGR Sqp#JALR EM9MbLm@9MVUDWALSFJAL vwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG(ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ œSFL œLCFE>IGIEv!@9SFEGAH>CFEPpVS k G ˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ B@VOLGIG>IGAH JILm@=3yNSFM9U9WALGA@ Er >IRKLžR Sqp-JALm@NœLCFE>GIEv!<@DSFEGAH>ICFEPpVS k G ˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
Aˆ™˜ˆ B@VOLGIG>IGAH jk GYnC Er U9WALG R Sqp-‰ >IMbpbLm@9G ˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
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ˆF” oŸCqLSFpV>IGAHKMbš?LmOpb@DECqLm@#†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALG7ˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
ˆ™˜ oŸ CqLSFpV>IGAH jk Gl†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G E>IMNJALm@EU9WŸEP@9MVUDWIEPt›p ƒˆ ˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆ ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
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•ˆF”PˆF” u0Lm@ >Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSqH>GAHTJALm@NEPHL>IGIMVSgU9WALm@9WILSqpŠˆƒˆ
•ˆF”Pˆ™˜ u0Lm@>Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSqH>GAHTJALm@NzGIMVSgU9WALm@9WILSqp#JALm@o‹LR
•ˆ™˜ †‡GAt…Lm@VLGA{MVUDWALR E ˆƒˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ
•ˆ™˜ˆF” -LmHLCqŸEM9SqLm@VpbLM‹ MbpbLR ˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ
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•ˆ™˜ˆ nI>A{m{v!nI>IGAOpVS k GALG ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ
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ˆ™˜ u$FS CgJI>IGAHKJALm@#HLGALmpVSgMVU9WALGY}ƒLmpbpbLKˆˆˆƒˆ
ˆ ž3š Lm@DEPp k @VLG ˆˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ
ˆ ˆF” †+GISFpVSFECFSFMVSFLm@9>IGAH ˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ
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ˆ ˆ™• oGAš EMVMV>IGAHMVO@9SFpbLm@9SF>IR ˆˆˆˆƒˆ
ˆ ˆ  k R k HLGSqp EPr pVMVR E ˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ
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ˆF”PˆF” }EP@VpbLGIWISgGy)LSFMbL ˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ P•
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ˆ NLmHLCFG;ˆˆƒˆ ˆˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ”
ˆ n>A{m{v!n>IGAOpVS k GALG ˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆˆƒˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ ˆˆƒˆˆˆƒˆˆ
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ˆ Aˆ oGy0LGJI>IGAH JALm@NHLGALmpVSFMVUDWALG CqH k @9SqpVWIR LG{>A@Nu)LMbpVSFR R|>IGAH JILm@NnI>A{m{v!nI>IGAOpVS k GALG •
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{mLG‘IJALGIGMVSqLžŸ?LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ?LG EGJALm@VLƒ‰ Lm@9OR ECFLžJILm@9MbLCqŸ?LG Ÿ?Lm@ 2Er UDWALˆAœoLm@ GIMVEPpb{‘ ‰ LmpVW k JALG JALm@#O2>Ir GIMVpVCFS v
UDWALG †+GpbLCFCFSqHLGI{{>A@ GIECMbL jk G ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@DG>GIJƒ{>A@2†+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G|JISqLMVLm@R Sqp<@9E>IR Ÿ3Lm{ k HLGILG œžEPpbLG
LSgGA{>IMbLmpb{mLG^‘yNSq@9JKR k R LGpVEG’>IGpbLm@9MV>IUDWpmˆu Er WA@ ” MVpbLCFCqp j Lm@9M9U9WISqLJILGALN‰YLmpVW k JILG {>A@ NLmšI@ Er MbLGpVEPpVS k G
jk G SgMVMbLG6{>A@|zoGpbLm@9Mbp >Ir pb{>IGAHlLSFGILm@ E>Ap k R EPpVSFM9U9WALGŠu)SgCFJIE>IMby)Lm@VpV>IGIH jk @s‘JISqLKLSgGAL RKLGIMVUDWICFSFUDWALK†‡GpbLm@bv
EPOpVS G pbLSFCFy0LSFMVL Lm@9MVLmpb{mLG7M CFCqLGˆ 6LmHLG JALm@ H@ LG wžSqLCqt€ECqp|EG o@VpbLG G JISFHSqpVECqLG u$SFCFJALm@9G ~‹EPpbLCFCgS v
pbLGŸk SFCgJALm@‘ oEJIEP@VŸSgCFJALm@‘HLM9Umk EGIGpbL} EP@VpbLG ‚,yN>A@9JIk LNLSFGALžECFCqHLR LSFGTLSgGIMbLmpb{mŸjk EP@VLž‰YLmpVW k JIL{>I@ >IMby)Lm@VpV>IGIH
Ÿ SFCFJIWIEPt…pbLm@†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALGKG k U9W GSFU9WpHLmt€>IGIJALG^‘EPŸ?Lm@,u Er WA@ ” {mLSqHpm‘JIE JISqL#B0SFGŸ?Lm{SqLW>IGAH jk GTL pbLm@bv
GILR SFMVMbLGYJIEP{>YŸ3LSFpb@9EPHLGlOPEGIG^‘ LSFGISqHL nI@9EPHLG Ÿ?LSJALm@‹>IU9WIL GIEUDW LSFGILm@E>Ap k RTEPpVSFMVU9WILGYu$SFCFJEGIECMbL
{>TC k r MbLG^ˆB0SFGAL#JISqLMVLm@,nA@9EPHLG Ÿ?Lm{SqLWpM9SFU9W E>At3JSqL-} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k G jk G‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJALm@9G|R SqpEGIJILm@VLGK@9E>IRKv
Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALGYœžEPpbLG^ˆ
nEPOp k @VLGyNSqLTXL k C k HSFL‘u k JALGpš‘< k š k H@9EPšWISqL‘^u)L j k r CqOLm@9>IGAH >IGJY†‡GAt…@9EMbpb@9>IOpV>A@žŸ?LmLSFG 3>IMVMbLG JIEMƒB@Vv
M9U9WALSFG>IGAHMVŸSFCFJYJALm@B@9J k Ÿ3Lm@ Er U9WALl~€u)@ k GIM j LCFJ#"%$'&(*) ” ‚D‘2JILMVWIECqŸ ŸEMVSFLm@VpƒJISqL u)SgCFJISFGpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G SgR
Xž@9>IGIJAL HLG k RTRKLGE>At#JALm@ œoLmpbLmOpVS k GJISqLMbLm@ƒLSgGA{mLCFGALG 6LUDWIMbLCqŸ?Lm{SqLW>IGAHLGˆ<œž>A@9U9WJISqL } k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k G
E>M2œžEPpbLGK>IGJ }ƒLGGpVGISgMVMbLG >Ir Ÿ3Lm@JISqL 6LU9WIMVLCqŸ?Lm{SqLW>GAHLG|{myNSFMVUDWALG|LSFGA{mLCFGALG nIEPOp k @VLG SFG LSFGALR;XLmŸSqLmp
~ SFMVMVLG ‚#y)Lm@9JALGY†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALGYEPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmpm‘?y)LCFU9WAL JISqL †+GpbLm@VšI@9LmpVEPpVS k G LSgGALMžu)SgCFJALMN>GpbLm@9MVp >Ar pb{mLG^ˆ?oSqLm@Vv
Ÿ?LS0y0Lm@DJALG j SFMV>ILCFCqL GIECMbL k JALm@KU k RKš >ApbLm@VHLMbp>Ar pb{mpbLl‰YLmpVW k JALGŸ?LG>Apb{mpmˆxœžSqLR >CqpVSFMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG œžEPpbLG
y)Lm@9JALGYSFG n k @9R jk G }EP@VpbLG ~ NEMVpbLm@VŸSFCFJILm@ k JILm@NwxLmOp k @9JIEPpbLG ‚ k JALm@oSFG MbpVEPpVSFMbpVSFM9U9WALG EPŸ?LCFCFLGlEPŸIHLCqLmHpm‘
SgGJILGALG {>IR u)LSFMbš SqLC$JISqL <EPHLl>IGJ wxLm@VpbLSFCF>IGIH JILm@ Ÿ bLmOpbLlSFG JALm@ ‹{mLGAL Ÿ?LMVU9WA@DSqLmŸ?LGŠy)Lm@9JALGˆœSFL
†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k GYLSFGALMu$SFCFJALMoSFMbpE>IU9W jk R =?SqLCEPŸW Er GAHSqHA‘3JALGIG t >Ar @žCFEGIJIyNSq@VpVMVUDWIEPt…pVCFSFU9WIL,CFEG>IGAH y)Lm@9JALG
EGJALm@VLƒ†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALG ECFM-t >Ar @ k r O k C k HSFMVU9WIL n k @9M9U9W>IGAHLGlŸ?LG k r pVSFHpmˆ
œžE R EG k t…poGISgU9WpNE>IMb@VLSgU9WALGIJILƒpVWAL k @VLmpVSFMVUDWAL }LGIGpVGSFMVMbLJALm@u)Lm{SqLW>GAHLG {myoSFMVU9WILGlJALGl†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG
>GIJ JALG œžEPpbLG Ÿ?LMVSqpb{mpm‘-M9SFGIJ GIEU9W ‹WALE ” ” L SqŸ CqL6‰ k JALCFCqL6>IGJ EGIšEMVMV>IGIHMbt Er WSqHL‘#SFGpbLCgCFSqHLGpbL
CqH k @9SFpVWIRKLGƒG k r pVSqHA‘Q>IR JIEM SFM9MbLGt k @9R ECE>Mb{>IJA@ >r UVOLG>IGJE>IMb{>IG>Apb{mLG^ˆ œoLm@2zoR t…EGAHoJALMLGpVWIECqpbLGALG
SFMVMVLGIMxMbšSqLCFpŸ?LSJALm@‰ k JALCgCFSqLm@9>IGIHNLSFGAL$LGpVMVU9WILSFJALGIJAL k CFCqLˆœLm@ o>It›ŸE>K>GIJ JISqL)wxLm@Vy)ECFpV>IGAHJALm@xHL k v
>GIJlOPEP@Vp k H@9EPšWSFMVU9WILG SFMVMbLGMbŸEMVSFMNŸSFCFJILmpNJISqL|Xž@9>IGIJICgEPHL JALm@†+GpbLm@VšI@9LmpVEPpVS k GYJILm@œžEPpbLG7~‹WALE ” ” ‚D‘
>GIJ JALm@=3y)LUVO JALm@ oGIEC MbLƒŸ?LMbpVSgR R p#SFWI@VL ‹pb@9>AOpV>A@ˆ
†‡G B0GpyNSFU9OCF>GAHMVC!Er GIJILm@9GlSFMbpJISqLwxLm@9tD>Ar HŸ EP@VOLSqpLSFGALm@oEPOpV>ALCFCFLGlHL k H@9EPšWSFMVU9WILG œžEPpbLGŸEMVSFMžGISgU9WpoSFR R Lm@
HLmHLmŸ?LG^‘>GIJ k t…pKMVSFGIJ j Lm@9ECqpbLmpbLY}EP@VpbLG JISqL’LSFGA{SFHLGŠ†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GM >ILCFCqLG^ˆ<@ k pb{JALR R|> 6R EG GISgU9Wp
E>ItJSqLƒ†+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G JISqLMVLm@NœžEPpbLGYSFG JISqL u$SFCFJEGIECMbL j Lm@V{SFU9WpbLG^‘?JIE GISgU9WpN>IGŸ3LJSFGAHp#ECFCqL†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG
SgG LSFGALm@’}EP@VpbL j Lm@9ECqpbLmpMVSFGIJ ~€RTEGIU9WAL Ÿ bLmOpbLYŸCqLSqŸ?LG >IG j Lm@ Er GIJILm@VpD‚Dˆ)B0M y)Lm@9JALG JALMVWIECqŸ ‰ LmpVW k JALG
HLM9>IU9Wp)JSqLNLM0Lm@9CFE>AŸ?LG œžEPpbLGE>IMb{>y Er WICFLG^‘SFWI@VL oOpV>IECgSqp EPr p0>IGJ u)LJAL>ApV>IGAH|{> Ÿ3Lmy)Lm@VpbLG >IGIJTM9SqLoJIEGG
SgR u)SgCFJIEGIECMbLmšI@ k {mL KHLmyNSFU9WpbLmpN{> SFGpbLmH@DSqLm@VLG^ˆ
XžLMV>IU9Wp,yoSq@9J LSFGTwxLm@Vt…EWI@VLG {>A@0}CFEMVMVS{SqLm@9>IGIHžJILm@,B@9J k Ÿ3Lm@ Er U9WALoE>IMbHLWALGIJ jk G‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@DG >IGJ
s `
srs `
srs `
srs
srs
srs
jk G Ÿ?Lm@VLSFpVM {>I@|wxLm@9t >Ar H>GAH6MbpbLWALGIJALG œžEPpbLG^ˆ,œžEMTX@D>IGIJAšI@ k ŸCqLR SgGJSqLMbLR =?>IMVERTRKLGIWIEGAHYŸ?LMbpbLWp
JEP@9SFG^‘PŸEMVSFLm@VLGIJKE>At3†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALGKE>IM>GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILG ƒ>ALCFCqLG^‘bLJALMu$SFCFJILCqLRKLGp#~ k JALm@)Ž#CF>IMbpbLm@ jk G
B0CqLRKLGpbLG ‚,LSFGALm@#}CFEM9MbL ~ k JALm@-u)LJAL>IpV>IGAH‚,{>A{>y0LSFMVLG^ˆIœžE Ÿ3LS bLJALm@N@9p jk G œEPpbLGIHLmyNSFGIG>IGAHKEGIJALm@9L
Mbš?LmOpbL JALm@ -LECFSqp EPr p @VLmHSFMbpb@DSqLm@Vpy)Lm@9JALGŠSFMbpLM|G k r pVSqHA‘2oSFGy)LSFMbLTE>Ato=^>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSFp{>ŠJILm@ }CFEM9MbLGE>IM
JILG >IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWALG œžEPpbLG>ALCFCqLGEPŸI{>ICqLSqpbLG>IGIJ MVSFLTMbš EPr pbLm@ {> O k R ŸSFGISqLm@9LG^‘M k JE ER B0GIJALKLSFGIL
u)Lm{SqLW>IGAHK{myoSFMVU9WILGlJALGl0SLCgG >IGIJJALGlEGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHMbOCFEMVMVLGŸ3LMVpbLWpmˆ
=^SqLCAJISqLMbLm@n k 9@ MVU9W>IGAHM9EP@VŸ?LSqpSFMbpJISFL-u0LEGp!y k @VpV>IGIH JALm@,nI@9EPHL‘yoSqLN‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJALm@2>GIJK}EP@VpbLG^‘{my0LSIœžEQv
pbLGpš?LGTJISFL >Ir ŸCFSFUDWALm@Vy)LSFMbL$SFGKB,Gp!yNSgUVOCF>IGAHMVCEr GIJALm@9G jk @9WIEGIJILG MVSFGIJ‘ {>IM9ER RKLGKHLG>Apb{mp,y)Lm@9JALG O^k r GIGALG
>R †+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@JISqL#<EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAHž{>KHLmyNSFGGALG^ˆœžEJISqL#}EP@VpbLGTSFGKB,Gp!yNSgUVOCF>IGAHMVC Er GIJALm@9G|RKLSFMbpSgG
n k @9R HLJA@D>IUVOpbLm@)u$C EPr pbpbLm@){> 3GIJALGKMVSFGJ^‘y0Lm@DJALG E>IUDW ‰YLmpVW k JALGT>IGpbLm@9MV>U9Wp,JISqL-WALCFt›LGKO k r GIGALG‘JISqL-G k p‡v
y)LGIJISFHLƒ†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k G E>IM-JISqLMVLGlu$C EPr pbpbLm@9G EPŸ{>ICqLSqpbLG^ˆAB0SFGAL jk CFCFMVp Er GIJISqHLƒB@9OLGIG>GAH JALM-}EP@9pbLGISFGIWIECFpbLM
yoSq@9J GISFUDWp>IGpbLm@9MV>IUDWpm‘3JALGIG GSFU9WpNECFCqL H@9EPšWISFM9U9WALGYB,CqLRKLGpbL JILm@o}EP@VpbL|MVSFGIJ@9LCqL j EGpNt >Ar @JISqL u$SFCFJEGIEQv
C MbL‘ M k GIJALm@9GlLM-yNSq@DJlG>I@NGIEU9WYoSgGy)LSFMbLGYE>At,=?>AHLW k r @9SFHOLSqp#{>YJILm@N<EGIJG>Apb{>GAHMbOCFEMVMbLG HLM9>IU9Wpm‘ JISFL
{>I@NzoGpbLm@9Mbp >Ir pb{>IGAH JALm@ >IMby)Lm@VpV>IGIH jk G ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJALm@9G JISqLGALGO k r GIGALGˆ
œžSqL N@9Ÿ3LSFp<SFMbpt k CqHLGIJILm@9R E LG HLmHCFSqLJALm@Vpm“Q†‡G }EPšSFpbLC M9SFGIJ JSqL)X@9>GIJICFEPHLGJILm@2SFG JALm@SqpbLm@9EPpV>A@2Ÿ?LmOQEGGv
pbLG wxLm@9t…EWA@9LG {> 3GIJALG^‘QJISqL)LSFGAL)HLRKLSFGIMVER L)wxLm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAH jk GT‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJALm@9G>GIJ } EP@VpbLG Ÿ?Lmpb@VL 3LGˆ
} EPšSqpbLC WIEPp JSqLTu)LEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAHYJALm@ HLMVUmEGGpbLG t€EP@VŸSqHLG}EP@VpbLGE>At-JALm@ ‹ASqHGIECqLmŸ?LGALK{>IR -WALR Eˆ†+G
JSqLMbLR }EPš SqpbLCy0Lm@DJALG6wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG6{>I@ <@9LGIG>GAHlJALm@LSFGI{mLCFGALG6nIEP@VŸ MVU9WISgU9WpbLG^‘M k yNSqLKJALR B,@9WIECqpƒJALm@
@ Er >IR CFSFUDWALG wxLm@VpbLSFCg>IGAH>IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICgSFU9WALm@ <EGIJIG>Apb{>IGIHMbOCgEMVMbLG Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LG^ˆ}EPšSFpbLC WIEPp’JISqLlu)LEP@bv
Ÿ?LSqpV>GAH JALm@‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJALm@9Gl{>IR -WALR Eˆ?œžSqL|‰YLmpVW k JALG {>A@HLRKLSFGIM9ERKLG oGIEC MbL jk G6}EP@VpbLG >IGJ
‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@9Gƒy)Lm@9JALGKSFG }EPšSFpbLC•Ÿ?LMVUDWA@9SqLmŸ?LG^ˆPœžSqLMbL#‰YLmpVW k JILG ŸEMVSqLm@VLGKE>It >IGIM9U9WIEP@Vt…Lm@x k HSqO3ˆB,SgGAL
žšIpVS G {>A@ ‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAHYJALm@>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LG6nI>IGAOpVS GALG‘JISqLKSFR nI>A{m{v†‡GAt›Lm@9LGA{MVU9WILR E pbLSFCFGILWIRKLG^‘?yNSq@DJ SgG
} EPšSqk pbL%C _ƒLSFGAHLmt >Ir WA@Vpmˆ†‡R JEP@9E>Att k CqHLGIJALGT}EPšk SqpbLCAy)Lm@9JALG JISqL-LGpVMbšI@9LU9WALGIJILGTB š?Lm@9SFRKLGpbLN>IGJKB@VHLmŸAv
GSFMVMbL|R SqpoœžEPpbLG6E>IMžu)@9EMVSgCFSqLGlŸ?LMVUDWA@9SqLmŸ?LG^ˆ œSFL o@VŸ?LSqpNyoSq@9J RTSqpoLSgGALm@œžSFMVO>IM9MVS k G JILm@B,@VHLmŸGISFM9MbL‘ JALm@
‹AU9WICF> Ÿ3Lmpb@DEU9WpV>IGAH >IGIJLSgGALR o>MbŸCFSFU9O EPŸIHLM9U9WIC k M9MbLG^ˆ
&'
&& &
&" #()&
žœ SqL oGECMVL JALMž=?>IMVER R LGIWIEGAHLMN{myNSFMVUDWALGY‰YLGIMVUDWY>GIJ zR y)LCqpSFMbpNLSgGAL MbLWA@O k RKšCgSq{SqLm@VpbL >At…HEPŸ?L‘
JSqL LSgGALH@ k Ll‰ LGIHLlEG †+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALG j Lm@9CFEGAHpmˆœžSqLMbL†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G SFMbpKSFGŠ†‡GIJI>IMbpb@DSqLC Er GIJALm@DGCqLSFUDWpbLm@
{> Lm@9WECqpbLG^‘y)LSFC2SFG JISqLMbLG  Er GIJILm@9G JISFL|MMbpbLR EPpVSgMVU9WAL œžEPpbLGIMVER RTCF>IGAHECFMoLm@9GIMbpbL o>It›HEPŸ?L EGAHLMbLWALG
yoSq@9J^ˆœžEPHLmHLG MVpbLWALGlJISqLƒG k py0LGJISqHLG œžEPpbLG^‘yNSqLƒ{>IR(u)LSFMVšSqLC3O k G j LGpVS k GALCgCqL œžEPpbLGALm@9WALmŸ >IGAHLGl>IGJ
} EP@VpbLG^‘#SFG B,Gp!yNSgUVOCF>IGAHMVC Er GIJALm@9G k t›p GISFUDWp{>A@wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGIHAˆ-‹ASFGIJ œžEPpbLGALm@DWALmŸ>IGAHLG jk @DWIEGIJALG^‘#JIEGG
M9SFGIJ MVSqL k t…p j Lm@9ECqpbLmpT>IGJCgEGAHLlGISFUDWp RKLWI@ EPOpV>IECgSFMVSqLm@Vpmˆ oL>AL †‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GIM >ALCFCFLGy)Lm@9JALG JALMVy0LmHLG
>GpbLm@9M9>IU9Wp)>GIJTŸ?LG>Apb{mpmˆœEP{>’{ Er WICFLG ‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@‘JISqLMMVpbLR EPpVSFMVUDW’E>It›HLG k RTRKLG>IGIJ HLMVš3LSgU9WALm@Vp
y)Lm@9JALGˆ
zGpbLm@ JISqLMVLG u)LJISFGAH>IGIHLG MVSFGIJ t >Ar @ JSqL B@Vt€EMVMV>GAHlJALm@ B,@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ 2Er UDWAL jk @ ECgCqLR ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@s‘3}EP@Vv
pbLG >GIJXž†b‹v!œžEPpbLG jk G u)LJAL>IpV>IGAHA‘AJALGIGMVSqLŸ?LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ?LG Er U9WALGIWEPt›pbLžwxLm@ Er GIJILm@9>IGAHLG^ˆAn >Ar @#JISqL o@VŸ?LSqp
yo>A@9JALG6œžEPpbLG E>IMLSgGALR XLmŸ SqLmp SFGŠ‹ >Ir Jv!u)@9EMVSFCgSqLG^‘^SFG JALm@ Er WIL JALm@|‹pVEJAp  k @Vp k oCqLmH@9L‘<Ÿ?LG>Ipb{mpmˆB,M
WEGIJALCqp#MVSFUDW >IR JALG >IGpbLm@VLGlLSFC^B0SFGA{>AHMbHLmŸ SqLmpbLM#JALM NS k J k Mo‹SFG k M0{myoSFMVU9WILG  k @9p k oCFLmH@VL>IGIJ ksjk
ER Ÿ>A@VH k SFG u$>IGIJALM9CFEGIJ oS k X@9EGIJIL|J k ‹>C)~ oŸIŸˆ^˜‚Dˆ^†+G JISFLMbLR XLmŸSqLmpžŸ?LMbpbLWALG >Apb{>IGAHMbO k G SqOv
pbL{myNSgMVU9WALG EGIJAyNSF@VpVMVU9WEPt›pm‘2†+GJI>IMbpb@9SFLT>IGIJ7‹SqLJCF>IGAHLG^‘JISqL’{> wxLm@ Er GIJALm@9>GAHLG SFG JALm@Ku k JALGIG>Apb{>IGIH
t >Ir WA@9LG^ˆu)LS0JISFLMbLm@ o@VŸ?LSqp MbpbLWILG{my)LS$‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@{>I@ wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGAHA‘LSFGAL’R >ICFpVSFMbš?LmOpb@DECqL o>It…GIEWRKL
JILM EGIJIMVEPp‡v!-‰ >IGIJ LSgGALTšEGU9WA@ k RTEPpVSFMVU9WIL ‹š k p‡v+‹{mLGILˆ2œžEGALmŸ?LGŠyNSq@9JOQEP@Vp k H@DEPšWISFMVUDWAL’†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k G
E>M#LSFGALm@-}EP@9pbL ~€SFR(‰ E MbpVEPŸ ”P“ –ˆ—–––‚-Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpmˆ
oŸIŸSgCFJI>IGAH#˜“szGpbLm@9Lm@2LSFCJALM NS k
v!J k M‡v+‹SFG k Mbv!B,SFGA{>IHMbHLmŸSqLmpbLM^SFG u0@DEMVSFCFSqLG ~€Wpbpbš“
LJIU yNy-yˆ—U @ˆ—>IMVHMmˆ H ksj ‚Dˆ
‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@^Lm@9R k r HCFSFUDWALGLSgGAL Er UDWALGIWIEPt…pbL0B,@Vt€EMVMV>IGAHoJALm@2B,@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ Er UDWAL‘sMVSgGIJEPŸ?Lm@E>AtAš SLCFŸ3Lm{ k HLGIL
MVš3LmOpb@9ECqLžB,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLG’Ÿ?LMVU9WI@ Er GAOpmˆA‹SFLoŸ?LMbpbLWALG’E>IM)LSFGALm@#‰YLGAHL jk G u$SFCFJALCqLR LGpbLG^‘JISqLžœžEPpbLG>Ar Ÿ?Lm@
JSqL @VL LmOpVSqLm@VpbL k JALm@ LR SqpbpVSqLm@VpbL ‹pb@9EWICF>GAH6JALm@TB@DJ k Ÿ?Lm@ Er U9WIL Mbš?LSFU9WILm@9G^ˆxœžSqLMbLY‰YLMVMV>GAHLG y)Lm@9JALG SgG
LGIHLGlu)Lm@VLSFU9WILG JALM#LCFLmOpb@ k RTEPHGALmpVSFMVUDWALG ‹š?LmOpb@9>IR M$HLRTEU9Wpmˆ
EU9W } k GALUmG# ” srs – CFEMVMbLGTMVSFU9WKJI@VLSAB@9JILm@VO>GIJI>IGAHM9MMVpbLRKH@9>AšIš?LG^‘GEU9WTSgWA@VLG oGy)LGIJI>IGAHM9R k r HCFSFUDWv
OLSFpbLG^‘3>GpbLm@9M9U9WALSFJILG^“œžSqL Lm@DMbpbLKXž@9>AšIš?LƒŸSFCgJALGY‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGIMMbpbLRKLt >Ar @RKLmpbL k @ k C k HSFM9U9WALK>IGIJ k {mLEG k H@9EQv
š WISFMVUDWALN=3y0LU9OLˆ‹SFL$WEPŸ3LG {my$EP@,G>A@xLSFGAL-GSqLJA@9SqHL)@ Er >IRTCFSFU9WIL >At€C k r MV>IGIH ‘ŸSFLmpbLG JIEPt >Ar @EPŸ?Lm@JISqL#‰ k r HCgSFU9Wv
OLSFpm‘IJISqLƒu$SFCFJALm@#SFG’O >Ar @V{mLm@VLG =3LSFpVSFGpbLm@ j ECFCFLG {> >Ir Ÿ3Lm@DR SqpbpbLCFG^ˆœžSqLƒ{my0LSFpbL|X@9>Ašš3LŸSFCgJALG B,@9JALm@VO>IGIJ>IGAHM‡v
M9EPpbLCFCFSqpbLG^‘3JALm@VLGY@ Er >IR CgSFU9WAL o>It…C k r M9>IGAHTSFG JALm@X@ k r LG k @DJIG>GAH jk G6˜P–R CFSFLmHpmˆ3œžSqLMbL|ŸSqLmpbLG JALG w k @VpbLSFC
LSgGALm@W<k r WALm@VLG @DEJIS k RKLmpb@9SgMVU9WALG >At€C!k r MV>IGIHA‘QWIEPŸ?LGKJIEPt >Ar @ECFCFLm@9JISFGAHMLSFGALGKCEr GAHLm@VLG SqLJALm@9W k Cg>IGAHMb{OCg>IMmˆ
†‡G JALm@)JA@9SqpbpbLG’X@9>AšIš?L#y)Lm@9JALG‹LGIM k @VLGMMVpbLRKL-{>IMVERTRKLGAHLmt€E pm‘JISFL#LSFGALNW k r WILm@VL-@ Er >IRTCFSFU9WIL o>At€C k r MV>GAH
~ G|Lmpy)E|”m–R ‚ŸSqLmpbLG^ˆQœSFLMbL$‹MbpbLRKL)WIEPŸ?LGLSFGIL,HLm@9SFGIHL0Mbš?LmOpb@9ECqL,>IGJ{mLSqpVCFSgU9WAL >At€C k r MV>IGIHN>IGIJƒy)Lm@9JALG
Ÿ?jL k jk @V{>IHp-{>A@NoLm@9MbpbLCFCg>IGAH p k š k H@9EPšWISFM9U9WALm@-}EP@9pbLG j Lm@Vy)LGIJALmpmˆ
†‡G oŸIŸˆ y)Lm@9JALG @ Er >R CFSFUDWAL#>IGIJKMbš?LmOpb@9ECqL>At…C k r MV>IGAHžM k yoSqLNJISqL SqLJALm@9W k CF>IGAHMb@DEPpbL$JILm@,WAL>ApbL j Lm@Vt >Ar HŸEQv
@9LGY š?LG jk G nALm@9GALm@VO>IGIJ>IGAHMVMVEPpbLCgCFSqpbLG j Lm@VHCgSFU9WALGˆ >GIJ ‰YLmpbL k MVEPp MVSgGIJ ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGIMMbpbLRKL t >Ir @
R LmpbL k @ k C k HSFMVUDWALƒ>IGIJ k {mLEG k H@9EPšWISgMVU9WAL=3y)LUVOL‘y Er WA@9LGIJT>At›pbŸ SFCFJALm@,M9SFU9W’ER Ÿ?LMbpbLG tD>Ar @0JISFLooLm@9MbpbLCFCF>GAH
p k š k H@9EPš WISFMVUDWALm@N}EP@VpbLGlLSqHGALG^ˆ
Wiederholungsrate
1 Kanal
30min
12h
15Tage
30Tage 150Tage
Luftbild
SPOT-P
3 Kanäle
METEOSAT
5 kanäle
NOAA
LANDSAT-TM
7 Kanäle
spektrale Auflösung
SPOT-XS
Luftbild
10m
30m
80m
1Km
5Km
raumliche Auflösung
oŸIŸSgCFJI>IGAH
“ wxLm@9HCqLSFU9W JALm@ SqLJILm@9W k CF>IGIHMb@9EPpbLž>IGIJ’@ Er >IR CgSFU9WALG’>IGIJ’Mbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG o>It…C k r M9>IGAH jk G nALm@9GALm@bv
O>IGIJ>IGAHMVMVEPpbLCgCFSqpbLG ~€E>IM Ž$W> j SqLU k ” – ‚Dˆ
œžSqL ‹ MbpbLR LT<EGIJMVEPp>IGIJ ‹š k pƒHLW k r @VLG{>A@ƒ{my)LSqpbLGX@D>AšIš?Lˆ Ÿy k WICxJIEM <EGIJIM9EPp‡v+‹MVpbLR GISFUDWpJISFL
Ÿ?LMbpbL @ Er >IR CgSFU9WAL o>At€C!k r MV>GAH ŸSqLmpbLmpm‘SFMbpLM|y)LmHLG MbLSFGALR WISFMbp k @9SgMVU9WALGN@DU9WIS j ‘<JALm@|H>ApbLGŠwxLm@VtD>Ar HŸEP@VOLSqp
>GIJH>ApbLGlMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG >At€C k r MV>IGAHKJIEM j Lm@VŸI@VLSqpbLmpVMVpbL|‹MbpbLR {>A@Nu)L k ŸEUDWpV>GAH JALm@oB@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ Er U9WALˆAœžSqLMbLM
‹ MbpbLR SFMVpLSFG oŸIpVEMbpbLm@9MMbpbLRl‘JIEM2LSqHLGpVCgSFU9W|t >Ar @xJISqL,pVWILR EPpVSFMVUDWAL-u)LMbpVEGIJIMVE>It…GIEWRKL0O k GI{SqšSqLm@Vp2yN>A@DJALˆ
>At…H@9>IGIJJALm@oMbš?LmOpb@9ECFLGlzoGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJAL SFG JALG j Lm@9M9U9WISqLJILGALGl}EG Er CFLG~ ‚$CFEMVMVLGlMVSFUDWlJISqLB0CqLRKLGpbL E>At
JILm@,B@9J k Ÿ3Lm@ Er U9WAL‘{ˆ—uˆwxLmHLmpVEPpVS k G^‘IXLmy Er MVMbLm@ k JILm@)‹SqLJICg>IGAHLG^‘Q@VLCFEPpVS j LSFGAt€EU9WTSFJALGpVS{SqLm@VLGˆPœžEM$‹š k p‡v
‹ MbpbLR WIEPp|y0LGSqHLm@|MVš3LmOpb@9ECqL’}EG<Er CqL’ECFM|<EGIJIM9EPpm‘EPŸ?Lm@|MVLSFGH@Qr pbLm@Kw @VpbLSFC)CFSqLmHp SgGMbLSFGILm@ Ÿ?LMVMbLm@9LG
@ Er >IR CFSFUDWALG >At€C k r MV>IGIHA‘IŸ?LM k GIJALm@9MoSFR šEGIU9WI@ k R EPpVSFMVUDWALG }EGIEC ‘3JAk Lm@oLm@DCFE>Ak ŸIpoOCqLSgGALm@VL Ÿ ‡LmOpbL k JALm@t›LSqv
GILm@VL<L pV>A@VLG SFG JALGlu$SFCFJILm@9G’{> Lm@VOLGIGALG~Ž$WAL j @VLM "$ & ( ) ” ” ‚Dˆ
œžSqLœžEPpbLGŸ EMVSFM|tD>Ir @ JISqL’R >CqpVSFMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLTu$SFCFJ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAHlSgGŠJISFLMbLm@ o@VŸ?LSqp LGpVW<Er Cqp ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJALm@JALm@
‹Lm@9SqLl<EGJIMVEPp‡v!-‰ ~ ‹A˜˜”Pˆ ”mu0v!–A‘Nu-‹ ”˜ v ‚ jk R ˜ ˆ—– ˆ >GIJ7œžEPpbLG JILM šEGIUDWA@ k R EPpVSgMVU9WALG
‹LGIM k @9M jk G ‹š k pK~€}  ”m–Qv I”m– Q–  jk R ”•ˆ—– ˆ ‚DˆxœžSqLMbLTu$SFCgJALm@žyN>A@9JALG R SFpoSFCFt›L jk G EMVMbš >IGAOv
pbLG‘JISqL SFG JALGŠu)SgCFJALm@9G JIL>ApVCFSFUDW6{>Lm@9OLGIGALGM9SFGIJ^‘>IGJ JALm@VLG} kk @9JISFGIEPpbLGE>IMLSFGILm@ }EP@VpbL ”P“ –ˆ—–––
EPŸHLmH@9S?LG yN>A@9JALG‘sLGpb{mLm@V@VpmˆœžSqL#} k @V@9LmOpV>A@xJALm@HL k RKLmpb@DSFMVU9WILGKwxLm@V{mLm@V@9>GAHLG HLWpJILm@ oŸCqLSFpV>IGAHOQEP@Vp k v
H@DEPšWISFMVUDWT@9LCqL j EGpbLm@oX@ k r LG E>M0JALGu$SFCFJILm@9G jk @9E>MmˆAœ>I@9U9WJISqLMVL} k @9@VLmOpV>I@0y)Lm@9JALGJISqL j Lm@9MVUDWISqLJALGALG
u$SFCgJALm@-SFGLSFGAL jk @9HLmHLmŸ3LGIL }EP@VpbLGAš@ k ‡LmOpVS k G >Ir Ÿ3Lm@9t >Ir WI@Vpmˆ
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Er >IR CFSgU9WAL †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G SFG n k @9R jk G }EP@VpbLG ~€EGIEC k H k JALm@TJSqHSqpVEC›‚ yNSF@9J >Ar ŸCFSgU9WALm@Vy)LSFMbLt >Ar @ <EGJIG>Ip‡v
{>GAHMVR EGIEPHLR LGp)HLmŸI@9E>IUDWpmˆœžSqL>Apb{>IGIH jk G } EP@VpbLGT{>I@0u$SFCFJIEGECMVL#Lm@Vt k @DJALm@Vpm‘JIE|JALm@ -LU9WGALm@0JISFL
OPEP@Vp k H@9EPš WISFMVUDWALœžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAH E>Ap k R EPpVSFM9U9W SgGpbLm@Vš@VLmpVSqLm@VLGOPEGIG^ˆISqLm@VŸ?LS3pb@VLmpbLGlt k CqHLGIJIL@ k ŸCFLRKLE>At+“
”PˆNœžSqLœžEP@9MVpbLCFCF>IGAH|JALm@ ŸbLmOpbLžSFG’JALm@$}EP@VpbLžLGpVMVšI@9SFUDWp$GISFUDWp)HLGIE>JALm@#<EPHLƒ>IGIJXL k RKLmpb@9SFLžSgG JALm@
@VLECqLG 6LCqpm‘JIE JISFL oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH JALm@žŸ‡LmOpbLJALm@ @VLECFLG 6LCqp SFGŠJISqLT}EP@9pbL LSFGILXLGALm@DECFSFMVSqLm@D>IGAH
Lm@Vt k @9JALm@Vpmˆ3‰YEG OPEGIG JISFL|XLGALm@9ECgSFMVSqLm@9>GAH SFGl{my)LS}EPpbLmH k @9SqLGYpbLSFCqLG“2~€E‚NJISqL MbpVEPpVSgMbpVSFMVUDWAL|‰ EGISqš >v
CFSqLm@9>GAH JALm@žœEPpbLG‘3JISFL JISqLwxLm@9LSFGAt€EU9W>IGAH >GIJ }CgEMVMVS{SFLm@9>IGAHKJALm@B,CqLRKLGpbL >RKt…E pm‘?>IGIJŠ~…Ÿ3‚#JISFL
wxLm@Vy)LGIJI>IGAH jk G ‹R Ÿ k CqLG ~ wxLm@DMVSFGIGŸSFCFJCFSFU9W>IGAH ‚-~€‰ k @V@DSFM k G ” P– ‚Dˆ oEUDWpbLSgCqL JALm@XžLGALm@9ECFSFM9SqL v
@9>IGAHƒMVSgGIJ^‘ JEJISqLNXL k RKLmpb@9SFL-JALm@}EP@VpbL-CqLSgU9Wp j Lm@ Er GIJALm@VpyNSF@9J^‘P>IGIJ JIEJISqL$B,CFLRKLGpbL‘JSqL#R EGKE>At
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JALm@ }EP@9pbLTLm@VOLGIGpm‘<GISgU9Wp >IGŸ3LJSFGAHpžSFG SFWA@9Lm@ƒyNSq@VOCFSFUDWALG n k @9R JEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqp y0Lm@9JILG >IGIJ6JALMVy0LmHLG
GISFUDWp-JALm@on k @9R ‘JSqLR EGlSFGLSgGALm@-MbLGAO@VLU9WpbLG o>At€GIEWIR LžM9SqLWpm‘ALGpVMbšI@9LU9WALG^ˆ
˜ˆNœžSqL-E>At3LSFGALm@,}EP@9pbL#HLm{mLSFU9WIGILmpbLGX@9LGA{mLGK{myNSFM9U9WALG žŸ‡LmOpbLG y)Lm@9JALG jk R RKLGIMVUDWICFSFUDWALG o>Mby0Lm@Vv
pbLm@-E>At…H@9>IGIJ’MbLSFGALm@$B@9t…EWA@D>IGAH {>I@#XLGILm@9SqLm@9>IGIH LSFGILm@)JAL>IpVCFSFU9WILG >IGJ j Lm@9MVpsEr GIJICFSFUDWALG -LmšI@ Er MVLGpVEQv
pVS k G JALm@ 6LCFp#HLmŸSFCFJALmpmˆ t…p#yNSFJILm@9MbšI@9SgU9Wp0JISqLMVLžœžEP@9MVpbLCFCF>IGAHKJALm@ Sq@VOCFSFUDWAOLSqpm‘AJALGIGJISFLMbL X@VLGA{mLG
MVSFGIJTGISFU9Wp0SgR RKLm@,MVUDWIEP@Vt+ˆœžSqLNwxLm@ Er GIJALm@9>GAH JALm@)<EPHLmHLGIE>SqHOLSqp${>AH>IGIMVpbLG LSFGALm@0Ÿ?LMVMbLm@VLG LMbŸEP@Vv
OLSqpK~€oEPOL X@ >r GA@VLSFUDW ” ‚MbšSFLCqpNŸ?LS<JILm@ž} k R ŸSgGIEPpVS k G jk G œžEPpbLG6E>IUDWYLSgGAL LGpVMVUDWALSFJALGIJIL
k CFCFLˆ
ˆ Ÿ bLmOpbL’y)Lm@9JALGSFG LSFGILm@|}EP@9pbL’G k RTSFGIECŸ?LMVUDWA@9SqLmŸ?LG^ˆ<†+WA@9L B,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLGy)Lm@9JALGGISFU9Wp L šCFSF{Sqp
HLGIEGIGpm‘M k GIJALm@DGYR SFpSFCqt…L jk G6nEP@VŸ?LG6>IGIJ6‹R Ÿ k CqLG^ˆ3B,MžyNSq@DJ EGAHLG k RTRKLG^‘^JIE lJISqL Ÿ bLmOpbL
Mbš?LmOpb@DECW k R k HLGKMVSFGIJˆsœžSqLMbL oGGIEWIRKL)yNSFJALm@DMbšI@9SFUDWpJALm@ oEPpV>A@s‘PSgMbp2EPŸ?Lm@LSFGAL oŸMbpb@9EPOpVS k G^‘PJISqL)t >Ir @
JISqLƒwxLm@VLSgGAt…EUDW>GAH JALm@N<LMbŸEP@VOLSqp#LSgGALm@N}EP@VpbL yNSFU9WpVSqH SFMVp ~€oEPOL X@>Ir GI@VLSFU9W ” ‚Dˆ Er >R CFSFUDWAL
wEP@9SFEPpVS k GILG JALm@ žŸ ‡LmOpbL E>AtƒJALm@ B@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ Er U9WAL‘x{>IR u)LSFMbšSqLC#JSqLlœžSFU9WpbLYJALm@TwxLmHLmpVEPpVS k G k JALm@
nIEP@VŸ?L JALMKu k JALGIMm‘xy)Lm@9JALG SFG JALm@T}EP@9pbLlGISFU9WpKL šCFSq{SqpKJIEP@9HLMbpbLCFCqpm‘WIEPŸ?LG EPŸ?Lm@ H@ k LG B,SFG > E>AtxJISqLMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLGlœžEPpbLG JALm@ž‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@ˆw k G LSFGALR MbpVEPpVSFMbpVSFM9U9WALG ‹pVEGIJAš>GAOp#E>IMNHLMbLWALG^‘
WIEPpKJISqLMbLG k R SgGIECqL œžEP@9MVpbLCFCF>IGAH E>IUDW JALG oEUDWpbLSFC‘JIE 6JISqL } CFEMVMbLG GISFUDWpKG k @DR EC j Lm@VpbLSFCFp MVSFGJ^ˆ
œLMby0LmHLG SFMbp-JSqL oGy0LGJI>IGAH R EGU9WALm@NMVpVEPpVSFMbpVSFMVUDWALG GIM EPr pb{mL|GISFU9Wp-R k r HCFSgU9W^ˆ
œžSqL p k š k H@DEPšWISFMVUDWAL }EP@9pbLG^‘JISqLSgGlJISqLMbLm@ N@VŸ?LSqp$Ÿ?LG>Apb{mp-y)Lm@9JALG^‘CgSqLmHLGlSFR(‰ E MbpVEPŸ ”P“ –ˆ—––– jk @ˆ3‹SFL
y)Lm@9JALG HLR E r JALG k @9RKLG jk R;†‡u-XžB ~…†‡GIMbpVSFpV>Ap k u0@DEMVSFCqLSq@ k JIL-XžL k H@9E EƒL-B0MbpVEPp MbpVSFUmE‚xE>IMx<>At…pbŸSFCgJALm@9G
WILm@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆ#LJIL }EP@9pbL JALU9OpLSFG&XLmŸSFLmp jk G&˜A‘F” I˜ ‘ OR EPŸˆ)n >Ar @ SFWI@VL oLm@9MbpbLCFCF>GAHŠSFR EWI@ ”
yo>A@9JALGYWIE>AšIpVMsEr UDWICFSFUDWY>At…pbŸSFCFJALm@NšW k p k H@9ER R Lmpb@9SFMVUDW6>IGIJ MVpbLm@VL k MbO k šSFM9U9W6E>IMbHLmy)Lm@VpbLmpmˆ<œžSqL u)L SqLmH>IGIH
{>I@ o>It…GIEWRKL JALm@ u$SFCgJALm@ƒt…EGJ SFR EWA@VL ” MbpVEPpbpmˆ‹ASqL yN>A@DJALKJI>A@9UDW6pbLm@V@VLMbpb@DSFMVU9WIL’=?>IMVEPpb{R LMVMV>IGAHLG
E>MTJALR EWA@ ” P• Lm@VH Er GI{mpmˆ0†‡WA@ †‡GIWIECqpKŸ?LMVUDWA@VLSqŸpTJISqLY‹SFpV>IEPpVS k G7JALm@ -LmHS k G ” ‘#R Sqp  k r WALGICFSFGSqLG
~ ˜P–,R r >ISgJISFMbpVEGA{ ‚)>GIJ†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k G >Ar Ÿ?Lm@-JISqL <EGIJIG>Apb{>IGIHA“ XLmy Er MVMbLm@s‘3‹pb@9E LGIGILmpb{‘^‹SFLJICF>IGAHMVHLmŸSqLmpbL
>GIJ Er CFJILm@ˆAœSFLž} EP@VpbLG LGpVWIECqpbLG E>IUDWlEGIJALm@VLž†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALGSFGn k @DR jk GlL pbLGl>GIJl=?S?Lm@9G^‘M k yNSFL
u$EWIGCFSFGISqLG >IGIJ EGIJALm@VL y)LSqpbLm@VL HL k H@9EPšWISgMVU9WAL6†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG^ˆ0B0SFG XžSqpbpbLm@ jk G ˜2OR ‘$Lm@9R k r HCFSFUDWp JIEM
oŸCqLMVLG JALm@-HL k H@9EPšWSFMVU9WILG  k MVSqpVS k G JILm@N,>IGIOpbLSFR z-‰ v+‹MbpbLR ˆ
œžSqLMVL }EP@VpbLG MVSgGIJ pbLSFCqy)LSFMbL j Lm@9ECqpbLmpm‘?Ÿ?LM k GIJALm@9MoSFR u)Lm@VLSgU9WY{myNSFMVUDWALGY k @Vp k CqLmH@VL >IGIJY‹ E k L k š k CFJ k ‘
SgG NS k X@DEGIJAL J k ‹A>IC ‘Au)@9EMVSFCFSFLG^‘y k JSqLƒ<EGIJIM9U9WIEPt…pNSFG JALG CqLmpb{mpbLGYEWA@VLGlMbpVEP@9O j Lm@QEr GIJALm@Vp-yo>A@9JALˆAB,SgG
>IMVM9U9WIGISFpbpJALm@0n k CgSqL & " ( žyNSq@DJKSFG oŸIŸˆ HLm{mLSqHpmˆ oŸIŸˆ {mLSqHp,LSgGALGKwxLm@VHCqLSgU9W {myNSFMVUDWALGKLSFGALm@
OCqLSFGILG NLmHS k G JISqLMbLm@-} EP@VpbLƒ>IGIJJALR šEGIUDWA@ k R EPpVSgMVU9WALG ‹š k p‡v!u$SFCgJ jk G6” ˆ >At2JISqLMbLG oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAHLG
OPEGIG R EGKMbLWILG^‘JIE JISqL)wxLmHLmpVEPpVS k GIM Er U9WALG ~€JI>IGAOCqLm@VL$nC Er U9WALGKSgR ‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJ ‚3H@ k L#wxLm@ Er GJALm@9>IGAHLG
Lm@9t…>IWI@VLGK>IGIJ JE JISqL‹pVEJAp,ER @9LU9WpbLG oEGIJTJALm@0}EP@VpbL|~ oŸIŸˆE‚HLmy$EU9WIMbLGSFMVpmˆ or WGICFSFUDWALN‹SqpV>IEPpVS k GILG
M9SFGIJ jk @oECFCFLR(SFG JALm@ Er WAL JALm@NŸ3Lm@9LSqpVM$L SgMbpVSqLm@VLGIJILG ‹psEr JApbL E>AtJALm@-HEGI{mLG }EP@VpbL {> GIJALGˆ
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n >Ar @ JSqL } k R Ÿ SFGIEPpVS k G JALm@K†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG E>AtoEMbpbLm@VŸEM9SFMKSFMbp JISFLB0Gpb{mLm@9@9>IGAH6JALm@Tu$SFCgJALm@K>IGIJ }EP@VpbLG
E>It#LSFGAL HLRKLSgGIMVERKL’HL k RKLmpb@9SFM9U9WALu$EMVSFM|G<k r pVSqHAˆB0SFG oEMbpbLm@VŸSgCFJ R Sqp ”m–R 0SLCqH@ k r LTyo>A@9JALTECgM u$EMVSFM
HLmy Er WICqpmˆ?œSFLMbL X@ k r L|LGpVMbšI@DSFU9WpoJALm@ž,SLCqH@ k r L LSFGILM‹š k p‡v!u$SFCFJALMˆB,SFGIL Lm@9MbpbL|HL k RKLmpb@9SgMVU9WAL } k @V@9LmOpV>A@
yo>A@9JAL|R SqpƒoSgCqt›L jk G6EMVMbš>GAOpbLG E>At)JALR ‹š k p‡v!u$SFCFJ JI>A@9UDWAHLmt >r WA@Vpmˆ?œEGEU9W6yN>I@9JAL JIEMž<EGIJIM9EPpžu$SFCgJ
E>ItžJSqLMbLM GAL>IL u$SFCFJ LGpb{mLm@V@Vpmˆ0œžEPt >Ar @Tyo>A@9JALG 0>IGAOpbLlŸ?LG>Apb{mpm‘0JISqLlE>AtƒJALR ‹š k p‡v!u)SgCFJ >IGIJ E>AtƒJALR
EGIJIMVEPp‡v!u$SFCgJ JAL>ApVCFSFUDW{> Lm@VOLGIGILGlMVSFGIJˆ
œžSqL }EP@VpbLG yo>A@9JALG {>ALm@DMbp R Sqp LSFGALm@ 0SLCFH@ k r L jk G ` R EPŸIHLmpVEMbpbLmpmˆxœžSqLMbLX@ k r LTLGpVMbšI@DSFU9Wp|˜‘ s R
E>It?JILm@,B@9J k Ÿ3Lm@ 2Er U9WAL->GIJ SFMbpSgR;wxLm@VHCqLSFUDW {>A@ o>At€C!k r MV>GAHJALm@)‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@xMbLWI@,W k U9W^ˆœžSqLo}EP@VpbLGALm@bv
OLGG>IGIH|yo>A@9JALR Sqp$JISqLMbLm@#,SLCqH@ k r LžJ>A@9U9WIHLmt >Ir WI@VpmˆœžSqLX@ k r L JALM$,SLCFM$SFMbp)LSFGALLGpVM9U9WALSFJILGIJALƒnA@9EPHL
Ÿ?LS-JILm@ }EP@VpbLGILm@VOLGIG>IGAHA‘0JILGIG MVSFLlŸ?LMbpVSFR R pTJISqL ƒ>IECFSqp EPr pTJILm@ B@9HLmŸGISFMVMVLˆ,}CqLSFGILm@VLl,SLC#Lm@9CgE>AŸ?LG
R LWA@NœLmpVESFCFM>IGIJŸ?LMVMbLm@9L <@9LGIG>GAH JALm@NH@DEPšWISFMVUDWALGlB0CqLRKLGpbL‘ EPŸ?Lm@NLm@V{mL>IHLGYE>IUDWlLSFGILH@ k L ‰ LGAHL
oŸIŸSgCFJI>IGAH A“ozGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWAL
‹A ž $v!u$SFCgJ^ˆ
!
œžEPpbLG>ALCFCqLG^“ ~€E‚ GIEC k HL}EP@VpbL>IGIJ ~…Ÿ3‚šEGIU9WI@ k R EPpVSFMVUDWALM
EGœEPpbLGˆ EU9WJILm@ B@VOLGG>IGIHlJALm@ƒH@9EPšWISgMVU9WALGB,CqLRKLGpbL JALm@ } EP@VpbL yN>A@DJALG JISqL B@9HLmŸGISFMVMVL E>It)JIEM
‹š k p‡v!u$SFCgJ LGpb{mLm@V@Vpmˆ
&
'&*"#,-&
' o.
&
œžEPpbLG^‘$E>IUDW u$SFCgJALm@TJALm@nALm@9GALm@9O>IGJI>IGAHA‘ j Lm@9RTSqpbpbLCFG G>A@ LSFGAL ,@ k bLmOpVS k G JALm@ yNSF@VOCgSFU9WALG 6LCFp ‘)JISFL
Ÿ?LMbpVSgR R pbL ‰ Lm@9OR ECFL JALm@ NLECFSqp EPr p 7~€JISqL6‹{mLGAL ‚ Ÿ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸIpmˆ)‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJALm@ >IGJ7HLMVUmEGIGpbL }EP@VpbLG
M9SFGIJŸ?LSFJALƒSqO k GISgMVU9WAL œEP@DMbpbLCFCF>IGIHLGlJALm@9MbLCFŸ3LG NLECFSqp EPr p ~ ƒ>ISFGp ” ‚Dˆ3†‡WA@VLƒ†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G Ÿ?Lm{SqLWpoMVSFU9W
JILMVWIECqŸG>A@<E>AtŸ?LMbpVSFR R pbL,B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt›pbLG JALm@@VLECFLG ‹{mLGAL,>GIJžOQEGGGISFUDWp<ECgM jk CFCFMbpsEr GJISqHLu)LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ>IGIH
Ÿ?Lmpb@9EUDWpbLmp|y)Lm@9JALG^ˆ=?>R u)LSFMbšSqLCy)Lm@9JALG@ Er >IR CgSFU9WALKu)Lm{SqLW>IGAHLG^‘2JISqL SFG6JILm@ Sq@VOCFSFU9WIOLSqpƒJA@VLSFJISgRKLGv
M9S k GIEC)MVSFGIJ^‘SFGŠJILGŠu$SFCFJILm@9GSFGG>A@ {my)LS#œžSFRKLGIM9S k GALGJEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆœLMby)LmHLG O?k r GGALGŠu)Lm{SqLW>IGAHLG SgR
u$SFCgJTGISFUDWp$JISq@9LmOp)SFG u)Lm{SqLW>IGAHLGJALm@-‹{mLGAL >Ar Ÿ?Lm@9MbLmpb{mp)y)Lm@9JALG^ˆI=3y)LS " & & $"žŸ‡LmOpbLžSFGTLSgGALR u$SFCgJ
CgSqLmHLG SFGlJALm@ Sq@VOCFSFUDWAOLSqp#GISFUDWpo>IGŸ?LJISgGAHp " " " & " ˆ
œžSqLN†+GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k GTLSFGILMu$SFCFJALMN~€JEM >At GJALGKMbLSFGALm@$‹LR EGpVSqOA‚Lm@VHSqŸIp,M9SFU9W JI>A@9UDWKLSFGT‰ k JALCFC<~ oŸIŸˆ ‚Dˆ
†‡G JISFLMbLR ‰ k JILCFCAy)Lm@9JALG JISFL-u0Lm{SFLW>IGIHLGT{myNSgMVU9WALGTJALG Ÿ ‡LmOpbLGT>IGJKJALm@VLG’XžL k RKLmpb@9SqLM k yNSFLNEGIJALm@VLG
‰YLm@VOR ECqLG^‘3JISqL t >Ar @JISqL†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G jk G u)LJAL>ApV>IGAHMVSFGJ^‘IEPŸIHLCqLmHpmˆ^B,SgG ECFCqHLR LSFGALM‰ k JALCFC<yNSq@9JlSgG
JILm@@9EASFMžGISFUDWpƒEGAHLmy$EGIJApm‘<M k GIJALm@9G LSFG ‰ k JALCgC ‘^JIEMƒJALm@ƒŸ?LM k GIJALm@9LG P‹SqpV>IEPpVS k G |SgR >AHLGŸCFSFU9OYJALm@
B,@Vt€EMVMV>IGAH JILM-u$SFCFJALMm‘ k JALm@NJILm@NœžEPpbLG t >Ar @NJISFL}EP@VpVSqLm@9>GAHA‘ALGpVMVšI@9SFUDWpmˆœžSqLMVL Q‹SFpV>IEPpVS k G žŸ?LMbpbLWpoSFG JALm@
nILm@9GALm@VO>IGIJI>GAH6{>IR u)LSFMVšSqLC-SFG JALG EPpVR k MbšW<EPr @9SgMVU9WALG u)LJISFGAH>IGIHLG^‘,JALR NŸMVpVEGIJ7{myNSgMVU9WALG ‹LGIM k @
>GIJ žŸ ‡LmOp k JALm@#JALR >At…GEWIRKLmyNSFGIOLC ˆœžSqLžu0Lm@ >Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSqH>GAH|JILm@)Ÿ?LM k GJALm@VLG’u0LJSFGAH>IGAHLG’SFMbp0t >Ir @)JISFL
†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G JALm@KMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLGœžEPpbLG Ÿ?LM k GIJALm@9M yNSFUDWpVSFHAˆB0SFGŠšEMVMbLGIJILM ‰ k JILCFC0SgMbp|EPŸ?Lm@KSFGJALm@ -LmHLC
JEGIGMVU9WyNSqLm@9SFH|{> 3GIJALG^‘y0LGG œEPpbLG E>IM#>IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWALG ž>ALCFCqLG jk @9CgSqLmHLG^ˆAB,SFGIL}EP@9pbLƒŸ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸIp
JSqL Ÿ?Lm@ Er U9WILJALm@NB@DJALSFR ECFCqHLR LSFGALG GISFUDWp#{>R =3LSqpbš>GAOp#JALm@ o>At€GIEWIR LžJILm@‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJALm@ˆ
srs _
Wirklichkeit
Daten
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#"##"##"##"##"#
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Modell
NŸIŸ
Interpretation
FS CFJI>IGIH “I†‡GpbLm@9šI@VLmpVEPpVS k G LSgGALM-u$SFCFJALMˆ
œžEM)‰ k JALCFCI{>A@GIECMbL-LSFGILm@$‹{mLGAL>IRKt€Ep,JA@VLS SFM9MbLGIMbLmŸ?LGALG ~€} EGIEJAL ” P– ‚Dˆ ‹ASqL#y0Lm@DJALG%$"&& $'(
$"*) "" ‘ +-,.$/10& (23$"4) ""$>IGIJ +65 & ( 7" " "~ k JALm@430 +1$"*) " "D‚0HLGIEGIGpmˆœžSqL k Ÿ?Lm@9MbpbLB,Ÿ3LGIL‘
JSqL8$%"& & $'1$"9) " " ‘IŸ?Lm{SqLWp-MVSFUDWlE>AtJISqLMbLRTEGpVSFM9U9WAL†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G JALm@‹{mLGAL SFR(u$SFCFJ^ˆ‹SFLž>RKt…Ep
JSqLlu)LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ>IGAH JILm@ Ÿ bLmOpbLYE>At›H@D>IGIJ JALm@ XL k RKLmpb@9SqLY>IGIJ7JALm@ u0Lm{SFLW>IGIHLG7{myNSFM9U9WALG7SgWA@VLG } k R v
š k GALGpbLGSFGJALm@K‹{mLGALˆ2†+GŠJALm@ MbLR EGpVSFMVU9WILGŠB,Ÿ3LGIL yNSq@9JLSFGu$SFCgJ ECFM|B,GIMbLR ŸCqL jk GŠ@9LECqLG;:=<%"0$"
Ÿ?LWIEGJALCqpmˆœSFLMbLBŸ?LGALžyNSq@DJ jk G n k r @DMbpVGALm@ ” ˜ ECgM Ÿ bLmOpbLmŸ3LGIL Ÿ3Lm{mLSgU9WIGALmpmˆIu)LSFMVšSqLCFMby)LSFMbLy >Ar @DJAL
RTEGKLSFGAL- @9ERTSFJAL#JI>A@9UDW SFWA@9L$œžSFR LGIMVS k G^‘JISFL oGA{EWC jk G’‹LSqpbLGT>IGIJ SFGAOLCFGK>IGJKEGIJALm@VL-B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPtgv
pbLG ~€nIEP@VŸ?L‘<L pV>A@ ‚oŸ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ3LGˆ3œžSqLKšW#MVSqOPECFSFMVUDWAL|B,Ÿ?LGAL‘ jk G n#k r @9MbpVGALm@ ” ˜ E>IU9W‰ Lm@VOR ECFMVLmŸ3LGIL
HLGEGIGpm‘^Ÿ?LMbpbLWpE>IMžLSFGILm@Mbpb@9>AOpV>A@VLCFCFLGYu)LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ>GAH’JILMu$SFCFJALMm‘?JISqL G k @9RTECqLm@Vy)LSFMbLKGIEU9WJALm@,WIEMVL
JILm@N‰Y>MbpbLm@VLm@VOLGIG>IGAH E>It›HLmŸE>Ip-yNSq@9Jˆ
†‡R XLmHLGIMVEPpb{KJIEP{> >IRKt€E pJSqL|‹SqHGECqLmŸ?LGAL JISqL Lm@Vt…E pbLG6œžEPpbLG >IGIJYJISqL u)Lm{SqLW>IGAHLG {myNSgMVU9WALG JISqLMVLG
u)L k ŸEUDWpV>GAHLG^‘${ˆ—uˆ#X@DE>y)Lm@VpbLYJILm@’0SLCN>IGIJ EU9WŸEP@9MVUDWIEPt…pVMbŸ?Lm{SqLW>GAHLG yoSqL JISqL 6Lm@VpbL JILm@’} k @Vv
@9LCFEPpVS k GŠ{myNSFMVUDWALGŠ0SLCFGSFR u$SFCFJ^ˆ2œžSqL ‹ASqHGIECqLmŸ?LGALTSgMbp jk R œžEPpbLGIE>At€GIEWIR LMMVpbLR k JALm@KJALm@ N@9p|JALm@
œžEP@9MVpbLCFCF>IGAH6JALm@ œžEPpbLG EPŸW Er GAHSFHAˆ=^>IR u)LSFMbšSqLC)yNSF@9JLSFGALl<SgGISqLSFG LSFGALR oEMbpbLm@VŸSFCgJECgMKLSFGAL J >Ir GGAL
s `
srs
srs
nC Er UDWALlJIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpm‘JALGIG JSqL R SFGISFRTECqL B0SFGIWALSqp|LSFGALM oEMbpbLm@VŸSgCFJALM SFMbp LSFG @VLUDWpbLU9OSFHLM 0SLCˆ2œžSqLl>A@Vv
MVšI@ >Ir GAHCgSFU9WAL HLm@9EMVpbLm@VpbL ‹pb@9>AOpV>A@‘^SFG JALm@|JISqL œžEPpbLGŠLm@Vt…Ep y0Lm@DJALG^‘OLGIGI{mLSFU9WIGILmp JISqL ‹ASqHGIECqLmŸ?LGAL LSFGALM
JSqHSqpVECqLG u$SFCFJILM~€n$k r @DMbpVGALm@ ” ˜ ‚Dˆ
>AtJILm@ -,.$ 30 & ( 1$" ) " " j Lm@9MV>U9WpRTEG|JSqL)u)Lm{SqLW>IGAHLG|{myNSgMVU9WALG JALm@ $"&& $'3$" ) " "2>IGJ JALG
u$SFCgJIJIEPpbLG6t…LMbpb{>IMbpbLCgCqLG^ˆ<†‡R nECFC0JILM ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALMƒMVšSqLCqLG JSqLTB,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLGJALm@žŸ‡LmOpbL‘JISqL >At›v
GEWIRKLmyNSFGIOLC>IGIJ JISqLu0LCFL>IU9WpV>IGAHMbŸ?LJISgGAH>IGAHLGTLSFGALNH@ k L k CFCqLˆu)LS LSgGALm@) @DER SFJAL-y >Ar @9JALR EGT{ˆ—uˆ
Lm@9y)EP@VpbLG‘QJIE žJISqLMVL0ECFM<LSFGAL0‰YLGAHL jk G|Ÿ?LGIEU9WŸEP@VpbLG|nC Er U9WALG‘QJISFL j Lm@9MVUDWISqLJALGAL)†‡GpbLGIM9Sqp EPr pVMby)Lm@VpbL)WEPŸ3LG‘
EPŸHLmŸSFCFJALmpyNSq@DJ^ˆ3œLMVWECqŸ Ÿ3LmHSgGIGpžJISqL GIECMbLKE>At0JALm@ 5 & ( " " "žR SFpžJILm@‹A>IU9WALKGIEUDW6Ÿ?LGIEU9WŸEP@VpbLG
0SLCFG’HCqLSFU9WILm@N†‡GpbLGIM9Sqp EPr pmˆ
ECg
J ” ‘ Ÿ?LSJALm@œSgMbO>MVMVS k G >Ar Ÿ?Lm@^LSFGAL0=^>IMVER RKLGIt >Ir WI@9>IGAH)JALm@œžEPpbLG^‘sŸ?Lm{mLSFUDWIGALmpJA@VLSEGIJALm@VLB,Ÿ3LGILG^ˆ
B,@xMbšI@9SFUDWp jk G ‰YLMVMV>IGIHLG^‘‰ Lm@VOR ECqLG >IGJ B0GpVMVUDWALSFJI>GAHMbLmŸ?LGALG~€E>At B0GAHCFSFMVUDW^“ &" .& $ " ‘ & $'$ $">IGJ
" 3$ ‚Dˆ†‡R u)Lm{>AH|{>A@$‰ k JALCFCgSqLm@9>IGAHƒLSgGALm@#‹{mLGALSgGTJALm@$u$SFCFJIE>IMVy0Lm@VpV>GAHMbšI@9SgU9Wp ž>ISgGp ” jk GJA@9LS
B,Ÿ?LGALG^“<LSgGALm@ 0 " '$ "%(( " ) " "m‘LSFGILm@ '" .& $%" $ &'$ $" " "T>IGIJŠLSFGALm@ & ( " &" '$ " 5$%7" " " ‘
y k Ÿ?LS^JISqL NLmšI@ Er MbLGpVEPpVS k GIMbLmŸ?LGAL>GIJ JISqLƒ†‡RKšCqLR LGpVSqLm@D>IGAHMbLmŸ?LGAL{>IMVER R LGAt…ECgCqLG’O?k r GIGILG^ˆ
>At^JALR XLmŸSqLmp$JALm@)œEPpbLGSFGpbLmH@DEPpVS k GL SgMbpVSqLm@VLG >IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJICFSFUDWAL-<Lm@DR SFG k C k HSFLG^ˆ†‡G JISFLMbLm@ o@VŸ?LSqpyNSF@9J
JSqL jk G n#k r @9MbpVGILm@ ” ˜ jk @VHLMVU9WCFEPHLGAL|Ÿ3LG>Apb{mpm‘ jk @ECFCqLR(JILMVWIECqŸ‘Ay)LSFC^JISFLJA@VLS}ƒLm@DGŸ?LmH@9S?LT~‹SqHGEC ‘
‰YLm@VOR EC>IGJ Ÿ bLmOpD‚)CqLSgU9WpbLm@oE>AtJISqLƒu$SFCFJIEGECMVL >Ir Ÿ3Lm@9pb@9EPHLGy0Lm@DJALG O k r GIGALG^ˆ
œžSqL u0LG>Apb{>IGIH >IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWALm@œžEPpbLG >ALCFCqLG{>A@ B@9t…EMVM9>IGAHlJALm@ B,@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ 2Er UDWAL j Lm@9CFEGIHp JISqL GAšEMbv
M9>IGAH6JALM ‰ k JILCFCFMKEG7JISFLMbLlœžEPpbLG E>AtžJALm@’‹SFHGIECqLmŸ?LGAL>IGIJ JALm@T‰YLm@VOR ECFMbLmŸ?LGALˆœžSqLl‰YLm@VOR ECqL‘JISFL
{>I@$B,@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G Ÿ bLmOpbLGSFG’LSFGILR1u$SFCgJ k JALm@$LSFGALm@#}EP@VpbLƒ>IGpbLm@9MV>U9Wp)y)Lm@9JALG‘>IGpbLm@9MVUDWALSFJALGMVSgU9W ‡L
GEU9W JALm@ou)LMVUDWIE3LGWALSqpoJILm@NLm@Vt€E pbLG œEPpbLGˆ3B0SFGY‹>IR šIt›HLmŸ SqLmp#yNSq@9J SgG JALm@ -LmHLC2SFG LSFGALm@}EP@VpbL|JI>A@9UDW
LSgG Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pbLM|‰Y>IMVpbLm@ @VLmš@ Er MbLGpVSqLm@Vpm‘JEM SFGŠJALm@ Sq@9OCFSgU9WAOLSqpGSFU9Wp L ASFMbpVSFLm@Vp >IGIJŠJALMby)LmHLG GISFU9Wp SgR
u$SFCgJ jk @VO k R R p’~ oŸIŸˆ ‚Dˆ2œoLR LGpVMbš@VLU9WALGJ Er GIJALm@9p MVSFUDW JISqLKwxLm@9EP@9Ÿ3LSFpV>IGAHlJALm@ œžEPpbLG^‘2JISqL ‹LmHR LGpVSqL v
@D>IGAH k JILm@NJIEM-}CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k GIM j Lm@Vt…EWI@VLG E>It2JALm@ž‹SqHGIECqLmŸ?LGAL‘ bLGIEU9W {>AH@9>IGIJILžCgSqLmHLGIJALR œžEPpbLGpb@ EPr HLm@ˆ
œžEJI>I@9U9W j Lm@ Er GJALm@Vp#MVSFUDW’E>U9W JISqL GIECMbLƒSFG JILm@-‰ Lm@VOR ECFMVLmŸ3LGIL‘JIE MVSFLECFM$wxLm@9OGx>Ir šIt…>GAH {myNSgMVU9WALGJALm@
œžEPpbLGALmŸ?LGAL >IGIJ JALm@NMVLR EGpVSgMVU9WALG BŸ?LGALMbpbLWpm‘ECFM k JISq@VLmOp jk G JALm@‹ASqHGIECqLmŸ?LGALžEPŸW Er GAHpmˆ
srs
srsrs
srs _
srs
-
‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@,>IGIJ’}EP@VpbLG WIEPŸ?LG’MVSFUDW’ECgM)u$EMVSgM$t >Ar @$JISqLGIECMbLJILm@$B,@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ Er UDWALžECFM)HLmLSqHGALmp#Lm@VyNSFL v
MVLG~€>ApVU9WSFGIM k G ” s `˜ ‚Dˆ Ÿy k WICMVSqL ER GAt…EGIHTHLmpb@VLGIGpŸ3LWEGIJALCqp-yo>A@9JALG^‘IMVpbLCFCqpbL M9SFU9W R SqpNJILm@ƒ=3LSFp
SgR RKLm@xJAL>ApVCFSgU9WALm@WALm@9E>IM‘PJE JISqL$u0LG>Apb{>IGIHŸ?LSFJILm@œžEPpbLG>ALCFCFLG {>MVER RKLGl~‹GALm@VHSFL v!B ?LmOpD‚{>|LSFGALm@
wxLm@9Ÿ3LM9MbLm@9>IGAHJILm@ GIECMbL-Ÿ?LSqpb@9EPHLGTOQEGIGY~€}>IGA{ "$ & (*) ” srs ` ‚DˆAœžEM#=?SqLCIJALm@0} k R Ÿ SFGIEPpVS k G JSqLMbLm@,œžEPpbLG
OPEGIG MbLWA@x>IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICgSFU9W|MbLSFG^ˆPœžSqL#<SFMVpbL)>IR t…E pxJISqL$u$SFCFJIEGECMVL‘PŽ$WIEGIHL v!œoLmpbLU pVS k G^‘E>Ap k R EPpVSgMVU9WAL-EM‡v
MVš>IGAOp GIJI>GAHA‘@9ESFGISFGIHMbHLmŸSqLmpVMbŸ?LMbpVSgR R >GAH k JALm@-œžEP@9MbpbLCFCg>IGAH|LSFGALm@o‹{mLGALT~…{ˆ—uˆ œov!œžEP@9MbpbLCgCF>IGAH‚DˆœžEM
NWALR E JILm@ <EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAHMbOCFEMVMVS{SqLm@9>IGIHSgMbpLmŸ?LGAt€ECFCFMƒLSFGu)LSFMbšSFLCWISqLm@Vt >Ar @ >GIJ yNSF@9J SFGŠJALG t k CqHLGIJALG
} EPšSqpbLCFGYŸ?LWIEGIJALCqpmˆ3u)LSFMbšSqLCFL t >Ar @JSqL|u)LG>Apb{>IGAH >IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICgSFU9WALm@}EP@VpbLG HLRKLSgGIMVER R Sqp‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGv
Ÿ SFCFJALm@9G MVSFGIJ|SFG JALm@x<SFpbLm@9EPpV>A@Ÿ?LMVU9WA@DSqLmŸ?LG^ˆ t…pxWIEGIJALCFpLMxMVSgU9WK>IR  k r WALGIJIEPpbLG^‘ oLSqH>IGAHƒ>IGJ|B š k MVSFpVS k G
~€>ApVUDWISFGIM k G ” s `˜ u$SFGIEPHWS"$ & ( ) ” srs _ 2LJIJICqL ” srs ‚D‘<EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAHMbOCFEMVMbLG~€u)@ k GIM j LCgJ "$ & ( ) ” srs ‹ k CqŸ?Lm@VH "%$ & ( ) ” srs • x‰ kk G ” srs – ‚D‘HL k šWMVSFM9U9WAL’>IGIJ HL k C k HSFM9U9WALœžEPpbLG ~€‰ kk G ” srs – ‚D‘xu k JALGpšM‡v
OPEP@VpbLG k JALm@NEGJALm@VL XL k JIEPpbLG ~€u)>I@VHLm@ ” srs ˜ ?u0@ k GIM j LCFJ "$ & ( ) ” srs ‚Dˆ
u)LSFMVšSqLCqL JILm@’B0SFGŸ?Lm{SqLW>IGAH jk G @DE>IR Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALG œžEPpbLG Ÿ?LS-H@ k r Lm@VLG&‰ E Mbp EPr Ÿ?LG SFG JILm@’u$SFCFJEGIECMbL
O^k r GIGALGSFG ž>ISFGp ” srs _ >IGIJ ‹SFC j EYŽ)LGpbLG k "%$ & ( ) ” srsrs HLmt€>IGIJILGy)Lm@9JALG^ˆ2†‡GŠŸ?LSFJILGn#Er CFCqLG WIEGIJILCqp
LM|MVSFUDW>IR JISqLTB,@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G XLmŸ Er >IJALGSFG u$SFCgJALm@9G7~€<>It›pVE>At€GIEWIR LG k JILm@ <EMVLm@9MVUmEGIGALm@Vv!œEPpbLG3‚R SFp
W k r WALm@VLm@-@ Er >R CFSFUDWALm@ o>AtC k r MV>IGAHAˆ
œžSqL n k @9R ‘<SFG6JILm@ JISqL @9E>IR Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALTœžEPpbLGSgG6JALm@ u$SFCFJIEGECMVL|LSgGŸ?Lm{ k HLG6y)Lm@9JALG^‘>GpbLm@9M9U9WALSFJILmpMVSFU9W
jSgWAk @VG Loou)>ILJAp k L@0>IpV{>I> GAoH|>AŸ3p Lk S3@sJAˆœžLm@$SqLNu$zSFCFJIGEpbLmGI@9EM9C U9WIMbSqLNLJIy0LoLm@9SFGKJILJAG LG u)G Lmu$H@9ES?CqpVLM9GE SFE&M $ & $ EWIIG ‘ ” &$" >I GI&J '$ KE>ICFJ GI%J ” $" 5JI& SFMV'$ O>AKpVSF>ILmG@VpmJ ˆ
srsrs
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jk
j
žt›p|MVSFGIJ
JSqLMbLTzGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJAL’GSFU9Wp MbLWA@|H@ k A‘>IGIJŠR EG OPEGIGJISqLMbLTu)LmH@9S3LECFM|‹ G k G#RKLTŸ?Lmpb@9EUDWpbLG
~€u$ECqpVM9E j SFEM
;EWIG ” ‚Dˆ^œLm@Nu)LmH@9S $" 5 &$' Ÿ?LJAL>IpbLmp-GIEU9WYu)ECFpVMVE j SFEM
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œžEPŸ?LS?>IGpbLm@9MVU9WILSFJALG JISqLMVL >Ap k @VL
G " 0 "%$$ 5 ~ &$" & $' ‚#>IGIJ $" 5 &$' I‘ JIE JISFL " 0 "%$$ 5žJISFL
LSgGAt…EUDWAL ‹AER R CF>IGIH ECFCqLm@oœžEPpbLG SFG LSgGALR LSgGA{SqHLG ‰YLm@VOR ECFM j LmOp k @žJIEP@9MbpbLCFCFpm‘Iy Er WA@VLGJ JISqL †+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G
GSFU9Wp E>At JISqL œžEPpbLGALmŸ?LGAL Ÿ?LMVU9WI@ Er GAOp SFMbpmˆ)œ@VLS Gy0LGIJ>IGAHMVEP@VpbLG JALm@’†+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G jk G ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFC v
JILm@9G R SFpN@9E>IR Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALG œžEPpbLG CgEMVMbLG MVSFU9WYHLR E r u$ECqpVMVE j SFEM oEWG ” pb@VLGIGILG^“2~€E‚oB@DWIECqp jk G
E šI@DS k @9S0†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GJ>A@9U9W@9E>R Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALlœžEPpbLG^ˆ,œžEPŸ?LS$OPEGIGLM MVSFUDW>R JISqLE>Ap k R EPpVSFMVUDWALlu)LMbpVSFR v
R|>IGAH jk G @9ESFGGISFGAHMbHLmŸ SqLmpbLGKt >Ar @,LSFGILo}CFEM9MVS{SqLm@D>IGAHƒWIEGIJALCgG^ˆ~…Ÿ3‚,œSFLou)LG>Ipb{>IGAH JALm@,@9E>R Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALG
œžEPpbLG6SFG LSFGALm@w k @bv k JALm@ EU9WŸ3LEP@9Ÿ3LSFpV>IGAHMbšWEMbL JALm@‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJIEGIEC MbLˆIB0SFGAt€EU9WAL oGMsEPr pb{mL yNSqL JISFL
-= $ 50JALm@)nILm@9GALm@VO>IGIJI>GAHMVJIEPpbLG’EGIWIEGIJT@9E>IR Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALm@#œEPpbLG ~€>ApVUDWISFGIM k G ” ˜ ‚$MVSgGIJTCqLSgU9Wp
E Gy)LGIJAŸEP@N>GIJ j Lm@VLSFGAt€EU9WALGYJIEM-,@ k ŸCqLR JALm@o}CFEMVMVS{SqLm@9>IGIHA‘SFGIJILR MVSqLG>A@-JISqL}CgEMVMbLG^‘AJALm@VLG <@VLGAv
G>IGAH E>At…H@9>IGIJ JALm@lMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG ‰YLm@VORTECqL6GISFU9Wp R k r HCFSFUDW SFMbpm‘#R SqpoSgCqt›L JALm@†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k G LSFGALm@ }EP@VpbL
>GpbLm@9M9U9WALSFJILG^ˆ~€Us‚œžSqL JA@9SFpbpbL ‰ k r HCFSFUDWAOLSqpƒSFMbpžJISqL|p k pVECqL zor Ÿ?Lm@9CFEPHLm@9>IGIH JISqLMVLm@žœžEPpbLG SgR GIECMbLmšI@ k {mL ~…{ˆ—uˆ ž>ISFGp ” ‚Dˆ
œžSqL SFGJALm@ SqpbLm@9EPpV>A@ Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LGALG oGIM EPr pb{mL t >Ar @ LSFGIL HCqLSgU9WA{mLSqpVSFHL’wxLm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAH JALm@KHLMVER pbLG †‡GAt k @Vv
RTEPpVS k G7ECFCqLm@ ž>ILCFCqLG MVSFGIJ >IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICgSFU9W^‘ k Ÿy k WC$LSFGALlLGIJALGA{ SFG oSFU9WpV>IGAH JALm@ B j SgJALGA{mpVWAL k @9SFL’{>
Lm@9OLGIGALGSgMbpT~€‰ kk G ” – ‚DˆœžSqL -LmšI@ Er MVLGpVEPpVS k GŠJALm@ zGAHLmyNS WALSqpSFG JILm@ B j SFJALGI{mpVWAL k @9SqLKyNSF@9J6ECFMSFWI@
H@Qk r pbLm@’w k @9pbLSFCNŸ?Lm{mLSFUDWIGALmp ~€LmL "%$ & (*) ” ‚Dˆ-œžSqLMVLm@ w k @VpbLSgCoSFMVp Ÿ?LM k GIJALm@9MTyNSFUDWpVSqHA‘,y0LGIG LSFCqL JALm@
†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G GISFUDWp0{>A@,wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGIH MbpbLWALG‘{ˆ—uˆSgG -LmHS k GALG JILm@0}EP@VpbL‘SFG JALGALG OLSgGALNŸ?LJAL>ApbLGJAL-†‡GAt k @Vv
RTEPpVS k GYJEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpoyN>A@9JIL‘ k JILm@oSFG -LmHS k GALG‘y k ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@-GSFU9WpNHLG >Ir HLGIJ SFGy0LSFMVL CFSqLmt…Lm@9G^ˆ œSFL
†‡GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G jk G&SFGy)LSFMbLG EGIMVpVEPpbplJALm@ œEPpbLG&MVLCqŸMbpm‘)yN>A@9JIL jk G&u$ECqpVMVE j SgEM EWI
G ” ECFM’LSFG
NWALR E‘IJIEM-SgR RKLm@-RKLWA@oJISqL o>It…RKLm@9OMVER OLSqpNJALm@ SFMVMbLGMVU9WIEPt…pVCqLm@-Lm@9y0LU9Opm‘ Ÿ3Lm{mLSgU9WIGALmpmˆ
œžSqL zR y)EGIJCF>IGAH LSFGILm@ƒHLMVUmEGIGpbLGŠ}EP@9pbLTSFG LSFGALT†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GIMbLmŸ?LGALKSFR GIECMbLmšI@ k {mL j Lm@DCFEGAHp >IRKv
t€EGAH@VLSgU9WAL R LGIMVU9WCFSFU9WIL †+GpbLm@9EPOpVS k G^ˆ,œžEM HSFCqp E>IUDW7t >Ar @ JISqLl} k R ŸSFGEPpVS k G7JISqLMVLm@K†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k G7R Sqp JALG
u$SFCgJALm@9G^ˆ žt›p y0Lm@DJALG -LmHLCFG E>At…H@9>IGIJ JALm@6RKLGIMVUDWICFSFUDWALG }LGIGpVGSFMVMbL>IGIJ B@Vt€EWA@9>IGIH jk @VHLMVUDWICFEPHLG
~€‰ kk G ” – $u0@ k GIM j LCFJ "$ & ( ) ” ‚Dˆ)œžSqLlLGpVMVUDWALSFJALGIJILG =?>AHLW k r @DSqHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k GALG&~€nI>A{m{v! k HSFO ‘
B j SgJALGA{mpVWAL k @9SFL ‚D‘JSqLJSqLoH@DEPšWISFMVUDWALž†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k G’LSFGALm@-}EP@VpbLRTSqp)JILG <EGIJIG>Apb{>IGIHMbOCgEMVMbLG j Lm@VŸSFGIJILG^‘
LGpVMbšI@9LU9WALG}ƒLGIGpVGISFM9MbLG^‘JSqLoGISgU9Wp0L šCFSq{SFp,SFG’}EP@VpbLGJIEP@VHLMbpbLCgCqp0y)Lm@9JALG‘M k GJALm@9G jk G’u)LM k GJALm@9WALSqpbLG
yoSqLJALm@-<EGJAyNSq@VpVM9U9WIEPt…p-JALMoXLmŸ SqLmpbLM k JALm@-JALm@N0W Er G k C k HSFLJALm@ jk @9WIEGJALGALGwxLmHLmpVEPpVS k G EPŸW Er GIHLG^ˆ
œžSqL >At…HEPŸ?L‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@0>IGIJJALGl†+GIWECqp0LSgGALm@-}EP@VpbLƒ{>O k R ŸSFGISFLm@VLGyNSq@9J jk GlRKLWI@VLm@VLG nIEPOp k @VLG
LSgGAHLMVU9WI@ Er GAOpmˆ3XLR E r Tu$ECqpVM9E j SFEM ;EWIG ” O k r GIGALG t k CqHLGIJAL,@ k ŸCqLR L{SFpVSqLm@Vp#y)Lm@9JALG^“
r Ÿ?Lm@2JISqL0EGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHoLSFGALMX†V‹ k JALm@x}EP@VpbLƒ~…LGAHA“( & œLm@zoGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJ|{myNSFMVUDWALG|JALm@†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k G >A
$%"9‚#>IGIJJIEM >IMVMVLWALG JALm@NMbLCFŸ3L
G žŸ3Lm@ Er U9WALƒSFGLSgGALR(u$SFCFJ ~€EGIJAŸ?LJALUVO>IGAH LGAHA“ (*& % " V‚D‘
r GIHLCŸ?LS^JALm@ ž>ECFSqpsEPr pVMbO k Gpb@ k CFCqLƒJALm@oœEPpbLG‘
‰E
>IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWALžHL k RKLmpb@9SFM9U9WALKXLGIE>ISqHOLSFpm‘
r Ÿ?Lm@-JISqLƒ}CgEMVMVS{SFLm@9>IGAHA‘
zoGMVSFU9WILm@9WALSqp >A
XLGALm@9ECgSFMVSqLm@9>GAHA‘
E MVpVEPŸ3‚D‘
>IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWALƒœžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAHK>IGIJ oŸMbpb@9EPOpVS k GIMVGS j LE> ~ o>It!C k r MV>IGIH >GIJ ‰Y
@ GIECMbLƒLSFGA{mLCgGALm@-œžEPpbLGIM EPr pb{mL >IGIJ
oGy)LGIJI>IGAH >GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILm@$‰ k JALCFCqLƒŸ?LS^JALm
GISqLJA@DSqHLƒ k R k HLGSqp EPr poJALm@oœEPpbLGˆ
srsrs
srsrs
srsrs
s `
srs _
srs
s `Q_
srsrs
srs
srs
srsrs
B0SFGAL y)LSqpbLm@VL’nA@9EPHL‘JISqLTSgGJISqLMVLR nIECFC,LSFGAL LGpVMVUDWALSFJALGIJIL k CgCqLTMbšSFLCqpm‘<SFMbpm‘<yNSqL H@ k JISqL R LGIMVU9WCFSFU9WIL
LSFCFGEWIRKL SgR ,@ k {mL lMbLSFG M k CFC ˆ?B,SgGYRKLGMVU9WICgSFU9WALm@žu)LEP@VŸ?LSqpbLm@ƒWIEPpƒJALGYw k @VpbLSFC ‘^JIE MbLSFGIL|B0GpVMVUDWALSFJI>GAH
E>ItJALGœEPpbLG‘MVLSFGALm@)LSqHLGALG’B@Vt€EWA@9>IGIHA‘ SFMVMbLG’>IGIJXLmtD>r WICŸ EMVSqLm@Vpm‘y Er WA@VLGIJ Ÿ?LSILSFGILm@0@VLUDWIGALm@9SgMVU9WALG
GIECMbL|JISqL œžEPpbLG6>IGJlŸ?LMbpVSFR R pbL -LmHLCFG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@VyNSqLmHLGˆ†‡GYJALG CqLmpb{mpbLG6EWI@VLG yo>A@9JAL j Lm@9MV>IUDWpm‘^SFR R Lm@
R LWA@xB,GpVMVU9WALSgJI>IGAHLG JALR NLU9WIGALm@x{> >Ir Ÿ3Lm@DCFEMVMbLG^‘QM k JIEJALm@x@ k {mL E>Ap k R EPpVSFMVUDW k JALm@xpbLSFCFE>Ap k RTEPpVSFMVU9W
MVpVEPpbp GIJALmp ~€u Er WA@ ” ‚Dˆ
srs `
S
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/
W]
P =#541:XYU ]6F1 9<683
oE>IR
R ;HB\g3#9I6C=%B<L9<17W%3me#W%3
Z\g
;3-G
L9I6854541:9I6F3 c1457GH68BY3
3Ÿ Lm{ k HLGIL œEPpbLG O k r GGALG JISqL oGECMVL jk G ‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@9G EG&JA@9LSƒ‹pbLCFCqLG JALM @ k {mLMVMbLMl>IGAv
pbLm@DMbp >Ar pb{mLGY~€>ApVUDWISFGIM k G ” ˜ ‚DˆA‹SFL#O k r GIGILG jk @0JALm@oGIEC MbL#{>I@ o>It›pbLSFCg>IGAHžJALm@,Mbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG œžEPpbLGY~ $$' &(
$' &'$ ‚D‘,{>IM9ER RKLG R SqpKJALG MVš3LmOpb@9ECqLG œžEPpbLG SFR }CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k GIMVMVUDWA@9Sqpbp ~ %( &.$ $/ &$' " &$' $V‚
k JALm@NECgM-oSgCqt…M9R SqpbpbLC3{>A@ šIpVSgR SqLm@9>IGIH|JALm@oB@VHLmŸGSFMVMbL ~ .$$ %( &.$ $/ &$' $ $'35Q‚$Ÿ?LG>Apb{mp#y0Lm@DJALG^ˆ
'$ &'$ & '$ YSFMbp JISqL o>It›pbLSFCg>IGAH JALm@lR >CqpVSFMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG œEPpbLG jk @ JALm@l}CgEMVMVS{SFLm@9>IGAHSFG LSFGAt€EU9WALm@VL
œžEPpbLGIR LGAHLG ~ oŸIŸˆ^•‚Dˆ<LJALKGAL> Lm@V{mL>AHpbL ‹AU9WISFUDWpm‘?Ÿ?LSFMbš SqLCFMby)LSFMbLLSgGAL OCqLSFGILm@VL|nC!Er UDWALKSFR u$SFCFJ^‘ OQEGIG
JEGIEU9W HLmpb@VLGGp j Lm@9EP@9Ÿ3LSFpbLmpxy0Lm@9JILG^ˆœEM)=?SqLCJALm@0‹U9WSFU9WpV>IGAHƒSFMbp2LMm‘JISFL) k R k HLGISqp EPr p0JALm@xB,SFGAHEPŸ?LJIEPpbLG
{>7Lm@9W k r WALG >IGJ JIEJI>A@9UDW JISqL ž>IECgSqp EPr p JALm@ }CFEM9MVS{SqLm@D>IGAH {> j Lm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@9G^ˆ‰ EG Lm@9W k 3pTM9SFU9W JIEJ>A@9U9W‘
JE >IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWALK}CFEMVMVLG^‘JALm@VLG †‡GIMbpVEGA{mLGŠSFR u$SFCFJ6MbLWI@ Er WIGICFSgU9WALKMbš?LmOpb@9ECqL B,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLG WEPŸ3LG‘
y k JI>A@9UDW JISqLMbL}CgEMVMbLG MVUDWy)Lm@Npb@VLGGŸEP@oMVSFGIJ>IGIJLMN{>lnALWICFOCFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k G’O k R RKLG OQEGIG‘ISFG JALG GAL>ALG
‹AU9WISFUDWpbLGYCqLSFUDWpbLm@o{> pb@VLGGALGlMVSFGJ^ˆ oCFMou$EMVSFM-t >Ar @NJSqLMbL@VLGIG>IGAHKŸ?LG k r pVSqHpNRTEGlLSFGAL u0LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ>IGAH JALm@
‹{mLGAL‘SgG JALm@$JISqL}CFEMVMVLG MVSgGIG jk CgC>IGIJ CqLSFUDWp){>’pb@VLGIGALG’MVSFGIJˆB,SFGILoM k CFUDWALžu0LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ>IGAH|OQEGG E>IM0LSFGALm@
} EP@VpbLHLmy k GIGALG y)Lm@9JALG^ˆ
s `
Bild
Karten/GIS
Aufteilung
Klassifikation
Ergebnis
Klassifikation
Klassifikation
oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH|•“
 @9SFGI{Sqš JALm@o‹U9WSFU9WpV>IGAH JALm@oœEPpbLGˆ
œžSqLMVL š?Lm@9EPpVS k GSFMbp|MbLWA@|LSFGAt€EU9W^‘EPŸ?Lm@|SgWA@VL Gy0LGIJ>IGAHlLm@Vt k @9JALm@9p H>ApbL}ƒLGIGpVGISFM JALm@ œEPpbLG‘JE LSFGIL
t€ECFMVUDWAL EWCJALm@}ƒ@9SqpbLm@DSqLGl>IGALm@9yK>Ir GIMVUDWpbL o>IMVyNSq@VO>IGAHLG E>AtJSqL|‹pb@9>IOpV>A@oJALm@oœžEPpbLG WIEPŸ?LGlOPEGIG^ˆ3œSFL
Xž@VLGA{mLGJALm@ >At…pbLSFCF>IGIH y0Lm@9JILGŠMbLWI@ HLGIE> JAL GSqLm@Vpmˆ<œLMby)LmHLG WIEPp|JSqLTLSFCF>IGAHYJALm@ @9E>R Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALG
œžEPpbLG MVLWA@žH@ k LG6B,SFG > E>It,JISqL B@VHLmŸ GISFMVMbLˆ3œžSqLKMbš?LmOpb@9ECFLG X@9LGA{mLG6JALm@ƒ}CFEMVMVLGYy)Lm@9JALG R SFpSFCqt…L
jk G-LmHS k GILGSFR u$SFCgJ^‘^JALm@VLG y$EWA@VL }CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k GYŸ?LmOPEGIGp SFMbpT~€@9ESFGISgGAHMbšI@ k Ÿ?L ‚NHLGIE>ŠJAL GISqLm@9pmˆœSFL
B,@VHLmŸGISgMVMbLƒW Er GAHLGlMVpVEP@VO jk GlJALm@-HLmy Er WCqpbLGl@9ESFGISFGIHMbšI@ k Ÿ?Lž>IGIJ JALm@-B,@Vt…EWI@9>IGAHKJALM Gy0LGIJILm@9M-EPŸˆ
œžSqL|‰ k r HCgSFU9WAOLSFpm‘ @9E>R Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGAL œžEPpbLG6>IGIJ ‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@#HCqLSFU9WI{mLSqpVSqHT{> EGIECMVSqLm@9LG^‘IŸSqLmpbLmpžMVSFUDWlHL v
@DEJALm{> EG ~ NŸŸˆ ‚Dˆ$œEŠECFCqL œžEPpbLG {>IMVERTRKLG j Lm@9EP@9Ÿ3LSFpbLmpTy)Lm@9JALG^‘yoSq@9J7JISFL oGI{EWIC-JALm@’‰ Lm@VOR ECqL
Lm@DW k r Wp)>IGIJ SgWA@VLo‹pb@9>IOpV>A@,O k RKšCqL Lm@ˆœžEM)LGpVMbšI@9SFUDWp0JALGT} k GI{mLmšIp0JALm@ " 0"$$ 5-~ ECFJ ” ‚DˆIœSFL
wxLm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAH JISqLMbLm@|GAL>ALG œžEPpbLGIRKLGAHL SFMbpm‘yNSqL Lm@Vy)EP@9pbLmpm‘R >Ir WIMVER Lm@ >IGIJO k RKšCFSF{SqLm@VpbLm@ ECFM JSqL >At›v
pbLSgCF>IGAH JALm@|nALm@9GALm@VO>IGIJ>IGAHMVJIEPpbLG jk @|JALm@ } CFEMVMVS {SqLm@9>IGAH6~ $'$ &'$ & '$ ‚Dˆ‰YEGIUDWALTœžEPpbLG^‘2{ˆ—uˆ<ŸSFG EPr @VL
œžEPpbLG6E>IMoLSFGALm@HLm@9EMbpbLm@9pbLG6}EP@VpbL‘?MVSFGIJYGISFU9WpoG k @9R EC j Lm@VpbLSgCqpm‘ >IGJ JISqL oGy)LGIJI>IGAH’MbpVEPpVSFMbpVSgMVU9WALm@ ‹pVEGAv
JEP@9J j Lm@Vt€EWA@VLG SFMbpKGISgU9Wp k WIGALy0LSFpbLm@VLM R k r HCFSgU9W^ˆxœLm@TE>AšIp jk @VpbLSFC#JILm@KHCqLSFU9WI{mLSqpVSqHLG7u)LG>Apb{>IGAH ECFCFLm@
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srsrs
œžEPpbLGCFSqLmHpJIEP@DSFG^‘^JIE JISFL N LSFWALGAt k CqHL‘<SgG6JALm@ JISqL œžEPpbLGŸ3LG>Apb{mpy)Lm@9JALG‘GISFU9Wp FS R j k @DE>IMt…LMbpbHLCqLmHp
y)Lm@9JALG R > Aˆ
Bild
Ergebnis
Verkettung und
Karte/GIS
Klassifikation
NŸŸSFCFJI>GAH_“3XƒCqLSFU9WI{mLSqpVSqHL GIECMbLJALm@-@9E>R
Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALGY>IGIJMbš?LmOpb@DECqLG œžEPpbLG^ˆ
žœ SqLoCqLmpb{mpbLo‰ k r HCFSFUDWAOLSqp,SFMVpJISqL EU9WŸ3LEP@9Ÿ3LSFpV>IGAH JALm@0B@VHLmŸGSFMVMbL$LSFGALm@0Mbš?LmOpb@9ECFLG }CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GKR SqpSFCqt…L
JILMN}EP@VpbLGSFGIWIECqpbLMˆI†+GYJISqLMbLR nIECFC<y0Lm@9JILG JISqL B@VHLmŸGSFMVMbLLSgGALm@N@VLSgGlMbš?LmOpb@DECqLG GIECMbL R SFp-†+GIt k @9RTEQv
pVS k GALG E>IMJALm@x}EP@VpbL j Lm@Vt…LSFGALm@Vp-~ oŸIŸˆ ‚DˆœEM,Xž@9>IGIJAš@9SFGA{SqšSgMbp Er WGICFSFUDW yNSFL0Ÿ?LSJALm@w k @ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGIHJALm@
œžEPpbLG ~ $'$ &'$ &'$ ‚D‘2y0LMVy0LmHLGŠJISqLM k t…p .$'$ ( $'$ &'$ &'$ HLGIEGIGpƒyNSq@9J^ˆ?œžSqL }CFEM9MbLG^‘^JISqL HLm@9SFGIHL
MVš3LmOpb@9ECqLYzoGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJAL WIEPŸ?LG7>IGIJ7JILMby0LmHLG SFR B,@VHLmŸGISgMbŸSFCFJ{>IM9ER RKLGAHLmt€Ep y)Lm@9JALG‘y0Lm@DJALG R SFp
SFCqt…LƒJALM-}EP@9pbLGISFGIWIECFpbLM$LSFGAt€EU9WALm@-HLmpb@9LGIGp>IGIJ’LSFGlGIL>ALM-B@9HLmŸGISFMbŸ SFCFJ^‘RTSqp-RKLWA@N} CFEMVMbLG^‘Lm@V{mL>IHpmˆ
r`
Bild
Karte/GIS
Klassifikation
Optimierung
NŸIŸ
SFCFJI>IGIH “u)LG>Apb{>IGAHTJILm@-@9E>IR ?Ÿ Lm{ k HLGALGlœžEPpbLGYGEU9WlJALm@ž‹š?LmOpb@9ECgEGIECMbLƒJALm@Nu$SFCFJALm@sˆ
œžSqL#{my)LSqpbL-‰ k r HCFSFUDWAOLSqpm‘JISqL " 0 "%$$ 5#JILm@œEPpbLG SFG|LSFGALR LSFGI{SqHLG wxLmOp k @s‘SFMbpLSFGAL$O k RKš CqL L>At…HEPŸ?L‘
JILGIG JISqLKœžEPpbLG Ÿ?LMVSqpb{mLG LSqHLGIL ‹pb@9>AOpV>A@VLG^‘?JISqL LSFGILGYLSgGIWALSqpVCFSgU9WALG oGMVEPpb{ j Lm@9WISgGIJALm@9G^ˆ3nIEPOp k @VLG yNSFL
JSqL)>GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WIL0HL k RKLmpb@DSFMVU9WILXLGIE>ISFHOLSqpm‘}CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GIMbt…LWICqLm@‘XLGALm@9ECgSFMVSqLm@9>GAHA‘ >At!C k r M9>IGAHA‘P‰YE Pv
MVpVEPŸl>IGIJB@Vt€EMVMV>GAHMVRKLmpVW k JALG’R >Ir MVMVLG Ÿ?Lm@ >r UVOMVSFU9WpVSqHp$y)Lm@9JALG^ˆAœžSqL oGM EPr pb{mL‘JISqLžJISqLMVL >At…HEPŸ?LLm@9t >Ir CgCqLG
M k CFCqLG^‘<R >Ir MVMbLG L ASqŸ?LCMbLSFG^ˆ2œ@VLS$R k r HCFSFUDWAL GIM EPr pb{mLy)Lm@9JALGE>At-JALGŠt k CqHLGJALG ‹LSqpbLGŸ?LWIEGJALCqpm“LSFG
MVpVEPpVSFMbpVSFMVUDWALm@ GIMVEPpb{‘LSFG E>At?JALG œLRKšMVpbLm@bv+‹WIEPt…Lm@bv!} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k GIMb@VLmHLCFG Ÿ EMVSqLm@VLGIJILm@ oGMVEPpb{N>IGIJ LSgG E>At
>GIMVU9WEP@Vt›Lm@o k HSqO~€nI>I{m{v! k HSFUs‚oE>At›Ÿ E>ALGIJALm@ GIMVEPpb{ˆ^‹SqLy)Lm@9JALGYSFGlJALm@@9EASFM k t…pNŸ?LG>Apb{mpm‘ k Ÿy k WICLM
E>U9W EGIJALm@VL’‰ k r HCgSFU9WAOLSFpbLGHSqŸpm‘2JISFLTWISqLm@|GISFU9Wp Ÿ?LWIEGJALCqpy)Lm@9JALG^‘yNSqL’u)CgEUVOŸ k EP@DJ ‹MbpbLRKL‘‹LR EGAv
pVSgMVU9WAL NLmpb{mL >IGJnA@9ER LMmˆ†‡G ~€u)ECFpVMVE j SFEM EWIG ” ‚ y0Lm@DJALGu)LSFMbš SqLCqL {>JISqLMbLGŠCqLmpb{mpbHLGIEGIGpbLG
GIM EPr pb{mLG HLmHLmŸ?LG^ˆ
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J>A@9U9WIHLmt >Ir WI@Vpžy0Lm@9JILG^ˆ<œžSqLT0SLC y)Lm@9JALGGIEU9WŠŸ?LMbpVSFR R pbLG }ƒ@9SFpbLm@9SqLG6SFG } CFEMVMbLG6{>MVER RKLGAHL v
t€EpmˆB0SFGALm@xJALm@xŸ?LmOQEGGpbLMbpbLGKMVpVEPpVSFMbpVSFMVUDWALG GIM EPr pb{mL-SFMVpJEMx‰YEASFR|>IR v!<SFOLCFSFW kk JAvwxLm@Vt…EWI@VLG^ˆPœEPŸ?LSyNSF@9J
EGIHLG k R RKLG^‘2JIE JISFLTJISqHSqpVECFLG 6Lm@VpbL’G k @9R EC j Lm@VpbLSgCqpbL’=?>At€ECFCFM j EP@9SgEPŸCqLG MVSFGIJ^ˆ<LJALM 0SLCxyNSq@9JJI>A@9UDW
LSgGALG ‰ Lm@9OR ECgM j LmOp k @ Ÿ?LMVU9WA@DSqLmŸ?LG^ˆ†‡R(nIECgC^LSFGALMN‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALM0LGpVW Er CqpNJALm@#wxLmOp k @ JISqLƒJISqHSqpVECFLG
6Lm@9pbL’JALm@ j Lm@9MVUDWISqLJALGALGŠMbš?LmOpb@DECqLG}EGEr CqLTSFR GAv!JISFRKLGIM9S k GIECqLG6‰YLm@VOR ECFMb@9E>R ˆ<œžSqLTGv!JSFRKLGIMVS k GIECqL
EWI@9MVU9WILSFGICFSFUDWAOLSqpVMVJSFU9WpbLKLSFGALm@}CgEMVMbL ~ ‘ ž‚SFMbp>GŸ?LmOPEGIGp>GIJ yNSq@9J R SFp
SFCqt…L jk G @9ESFGISgGAHMbHLmŸSqLmpbLG’HLMVUDW EPr pb{mpK~€‰YSqpbpbLCFy0Lm@Vp j LmOp k @ >IGIJ} ksj EP@9SFEGI{R EPpb@9Ss‚D“
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JILm@NœžSFU9WpbLmt…>GAOpVS k G ~ ‚)>GIJ AJ Lm@ & / Œv EWA@9MVUDWALSFGICgSFU9WAOLSFp ~ ‚$Ÿ3Lm@9LU9WIGALmp#y)Lm@9JALG“
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~ ‚ 5 - ~ ~ ‚ -~‚ ~Q‚ -‚ 687:9 3; ” <6 œLm@G k @DR SqLm@VLGIJIL0nIEPOp k @ 5 - ~ -‚ ~-P‚SFMVp2Ÿ?LSFR JISq@9LmOpbLG|wxLm@VHCqLSgU9WKJALm@ E WA@9M9U9WALSFGCFSFU9WIOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k v
GILGlSFJALGpVSFMVUDW~XžC ˆF”s‚D‘3JALMby)LmHLGYSFMVp#Lm@NtD>Ar @-JISqLB0GpVMVUDWALSFJI>GAH >Ar Ÿ?Lm@NJISqLƒ@DSFU9WpVSqHL } CgEMVMVS{SFLm@9>IGAH|JALMN0SLCgM
~XƒC ˆ™˜‚$GISFUDWp#@9LCqL j EGpmˆœLR 0S LC?yNSq@9J JISFLž} CFEMVMbL%{>AHLmyNSqLMbLG‘Ay0LGIG“
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Lm@9O>IGJI>IGAHyNSq@DJ k t›p EGIHLG k R RKLG^‘2JIE lLSFGILTzoGpbLm@9MVUDWALSFJI>GAHlE>At…H@9>IGIJ6JALm@ -L LmOpVS k GIMbvN>IGIJ >IMbpb@9EWAv
Cg>IGAHMbLSqHLGMVU9WIEPt…pbLGJALm@ ŸbLmOpbLƒE>IMV@VLSFU9Wp#>IR <EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAHMbOCFEMVMbLG {>’pb@VLGIGALGˆ†‡GJISqLMbLR nIECgC LGpVW Er Cqp
JISqLTMVš3LmOpb@9ECqLG‰ LMVM9>IGAHLGSFG j Lm@9MVUDWISqLJALGILGŠ}EG Er CqLG^ˆ<œžSqLMbL’SFRKšCgSq{SqpbL w k @9E>IMVMVLmpb{>IGAH MbpVSFR R p CqLSFJILm@
k t…p GSFU9Wpmˆ,B,MTHSqŸIp’‹ASqpV>IEPpVS k GALG‘SFG7JALGALG JISqL EGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHMbOCFEMVMVLG Er WIGICFSFUDWALlMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLlB,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLG
WEPŸ3LGˆœžSqLoB0SFGŸ?Lm{SqLW>IGAHT~…wxLm@9OLmpbpV>IGAHA‘ ECFJ ” ‚,GIL>ALm@)‰YLm@VOR ECqLE>IM,EGIJILm@VLGT†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GM >ILCFCqLG
~…{ˆ—uˆ}EP@VpbLG ‚O k r GIGpbLNJISqL#@VLGIG>IGAH j Lm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@DG^ˆœSFL#wxLm@VOLmpbpV>IGAH|SFMbpEPŸ?Lm@E>At…H@9>IGIJKJALm@0>IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJICFSFUDWALG
EPpV>A@$JALm@$œEPpbLG>IGJ JALm@$B@9W k r W>IGAH JALm@ NLU9WALGA{mLSFpbLG’GSFU9Wp,Ÿ?LM k GIJILm@9M,EPpbpb@9EPOpVS j ˆB0SFGAL-y)LGISqHLm@$E>At…y0LGAv
JSqHL oCqpbLm@DGIEPpVS j LSFMbp$LMm‘A{>ILm@9Mbp#JISqLƒu)Lm{SqLW>IGAHK{myNSFM9U9WALG JALR ‰YLm@VOR ECFM j LmOp k @ >IGJ’JILG }CFEMVMbLG0>;? SgG
LSgGALR Ÿ?LMbpVSgR R pbLGYœžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{ ~ ž>ALCgCqLA@‚NEGA{>IG Er WILm@9G^‘ JSqLMbL u)Lm{SqLW>IGAH’ECFMoLSFGAL n>IGAOpVS k GYJEP@V{>IMbpbLCFCFLG
>GIJ Mbš EPr pbLm@TJISFLn>IGAOpVS k GALG {> O k R ŸSFGISFLm@VLG^ˆxB,SFG MbpVEPpVSgMbpVSFMVUDWALm@ GIMVEPpb{‘,JALm@ JISqLMbL†‡GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G Lm@9CFE>AŸpm‘
yoSq@9JSFR t k CqHLGIJALG GEU9W <LmL "%$ & ( ) ” Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LG^ˆ
SFUDWpECFCFL } CFEMVMbLGB O k r GIGALGSFG ‡LJALR œEPpbLGMVEPpb{0@ Lm@VOPEGIGp>IGIJ jk G JILG6EGIJALm@VLG HLmpb@VLGGpy)Lm@9JALGˆ
‰ EGIUDWAL }CFEMVMVLG^‘^JISqL E>At0LSgGALm@ƒ}EP@VpbLKLSFGAHLm{mLSgU9WIGALmpM9SFGIJ^‘?MVSFGIJ k t…pSFG LSFGALR u$SFCFJ GISFUDWpžLm@VOLGGŸEP@sˆœSFL
GA{EWIC<JALm@N}CFEM9MbLG8C ?'D ‘JSqLƒSFG LSFGALR œžEPpbLGIM9EPpb{ Lm@VOLGGŸEP@oMVSFGIJ^‘ASFMVp jk G JALGl‰YLm@VOR ECqLG^‘IJSqLR EGlE>IM
JILR œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{KEPŸCFLSqpbLGlOPEGIG^‘3EPŸW Er GAHSqHAˆ3œžSqL †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GYJALm@ ž>ILCFCqLA@7yNSq@9J R SqpbpbLCFMoJALR MVš3Lm{S MVU9WILG
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~ C E D ‚$HLGEGIGpmˆ?B,SgGlu)LSFMbšSqLC<SFMbpNSFG XžC ˆ~ ‚NEGAHLmHLmŸ?LG^ˆ?n >Ir @ bLJALG œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{ ~€}EP@VpbL k JALm@ou$SFCFJ3‚0OQEGIG
RTEG Er WIGICgSFU9WALn>IGAOpVS k GALGMVUDW<EPr pb{mLG^ˆQ†+WI@VL,} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k GT~ ‚?Lm@DR SqpbpbLCqpLSgGAL,u)LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ>IGIHNJALm@<u)Lm{SqLW>IGAHLG
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œžSqL } k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k G {my)LSqLm@ƒoSgGy)LSFMbL ”|>IGIJ ˜T>GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILm@œžEPpbLG>ALCFCqLGYLm@Vt k CqHpƒGIEU9W JALG } k R v
Ÿ SFGIEPpVS k GIMV@VLmHLCFG jk G œoLR šMbpbLm@‘AJISqLO k R R|>ApVEPpVS j >IGIJEMVM k {SgEPpVS j MVSgGIJ^ˆ >IM${my)LS^‰YE t€>IGAOpVS k GALG 6 ~ ”s‚
>GIJ 6 ~ ˜‚yoSq@9J LSFGTwxLm@9JIEU9Wp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@JISqL=?>IHLW k r @9SqHOLSqp,LSFGALM0SLCgMx{> LSFGILm@,}CFEMVMVL 6B
%$ 6 $Ÿ3Lm@9LU9WIGALmpmˆ
b~ ‚ 6B
s~ s” ‚ 6 ~ ˜‚
6B
&$ 6 ” &(” '
) +* ) ' 6 ~ ”s‚ 6 ~ ˜‚ +* -,
~‡” ‚
`
~‡” s ‚
) )
œLm@ž<Lm@DR ~‡” v!} ‚NWIEPpžJISqL >At…HEPŸ?L‘ JISqL 6Lm@VpbL {> G k @9RTSqLm@VLG^ˆœžSqLMVL XžCqLSgU9W>IGAHTLm@DCFE>AŸIpNJSqL } k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k G
JILm@oSFGy)LSFMbLE>MNLSFGILm@N}EP@VpbL|>IGIJlE>IMNLSFGALR(u$SFCgJ^‘I>IGAHLEUDWpbLmpƒJALm@MbpVEPpVSFMbpVSFM9U9WALG wxLm@VpbLSFCF>IGIH JALm@oœžEPpbLG^ˆ
œžSqL|u)Lm@VLU9WIG>IGAHJALMoš k MVSqpVS j LG wxLm@DJIEU9WpbLMƒLSFGALMoœžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{mLM%6B
s~ ”s‚-Lm@Vt k CqHp>GIEPŸW Er GAHSFH jk R {my)LSqpbLG
œžEPpbLGIM9EPpb{ 6 ~ ˜‚Dˆ
S
?
a
;-RQR
W%=%1
œžSqL=?>IHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpLSFGILM’B0CqLRKLGpbLM{> LSFGALm@l‰YLGAHL6yNSq@DJ SFG JALm@ WALm@9O k r R RTCFSFU9WILG ‰ EPpVWALR EPpVSqO ŸSFG EPr @
JEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆ?=3y0LS2=?>AHLW k r @9SFHOLSqpVMbH@9EJALM9SFGIJ R k r HCFSgU9W^ˆIB0Gpy0LJALm@HLW k r @VpoJIEM-B,CFLRKLGpN{>lLSFGALm@-} CFEMVMbLT~‡”s‚
k JALm@GISFUDWp$~€–‚DˆPœžSqL)-WAL k @9SFL0JALm@nI>A{m{v!‰ LGIHLGl~€>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…L0‰YLGAHLG ‚Lm@9CFE>AŸIpm‘QJALGKX@9EJ|JALm@x=^>AHLW<k r @9SqHOLSFp
ECgM#LSFGALƒ@VLmLCgCqLƒnI>IGAOpVS k GlR SFp#Ÿ3LCgSqLmŸSqH j SqLCFLG 6Lm@VpbLGl{myoSFMVU9WILGl–K>IGIJ6”JEP@V{>IMbpbLCFCFLG^ˆ
~ ˜P–‚
$ –. ~ ?‚/ ” *
œžSqL6nI>GAOpVS k G ~ ?‚ yNSF@9J =^>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSFpVMbt…>GAOpVS k G ~ & "& " $ - $' ‚ HLGEGIGpmˆ ~ ?‚ – LGp‡v
MVšI@9SFUDWp)JALm@ SFUDWpb{>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpm‘y Er WA@9LGIJ ~ ?‚ ”Nt >Ar @,p k pVECFL=^>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSFp)MbpbLWpmˆ=3yNSFM9U9WALGy0Lm@9pbLMVSgGIJ
R k r HCFSFU9WˆœžSqLMVL œžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAH LSFHGALmpNMVSFUDWH>Ap#{>A@-u)LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ>GAHKJALm@-u)Lm{SqLW>GAHK{myNSFMVUDWALGlJALG Xž@9E>y)Lm@VpbLG
LSgGALMN0SLCgMN>IGIJ JALGYEGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHMVOCFEM9MbLG^ˆIœžSqL n k @9R JISqLMbLm@nI>IGAOpVS k GALGYSFMbp-Ÿ?LCFSqLmŸ SqHAˆIœ@VLSqLUVOMbt k r @9R SqHL
n>IGAOpVS k GALGy)Lm@9JALG k t…p-Ÿ?LG>Ipb{mpm‘JIEKMVSqLƒLSgGAt…EUDW {> Ÿ?LWIEGIJILCFGMVSFGIJ^ˆ
n>Ar @ JISqLTu)LEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGIH jk GŠ>IGMVU9WIEP@9t›LG ‰YLGAHLGMbpbLWALGLSFGAL NLSFWAL jk G š?Lm@9EPp k @VLG {>I@wxLm@VtD>Ar H>IGAHAˆ2œSFL
Xž@9>IGIJ k š?Lm@9EPp k @9LG MVSFGIJ} k RKš CqLRKLGpm‘AwxLm@VLSFGISqH>GAH ~ žœžB ž‚$>IGIJ œž>A@9UDWIMVUDWIGISqpbp~€z oœ‚Dˆ
~ ˜”s‚
~ ?‚ ”& ~ ^‚
~ ˜˜‚
~ ?‚ ~ ?‚ R E $ ~ ?‚ ~ ?‚*
~˜ ‚
~ ?‚ ~ ?‚ R SFG $ ~ ^‚ ~ ^‚*
œLm@x†‡GAt…Lm@VLGA{mšI@ k {mL ƒŸ?LG>Apb{mpLSFGAL -LSgWAL jk G’=?>AHLW<k r @9SFHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k GALG|>IGIJ -LmHLCFG^‘>R LSgGALN‹U9WICg> t k CFHL v
@D>IGAH-E>IM2JALG B0SFGAHEPŸ?LJIEPpbLG {> {SqLWALG ~ oŸIŸˆ s ‚~‹pVEGCqL =?W> ” srs ‚DˆœžSqL$=^>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSFpVMbt…>GAOpVS k GALG
t >Ar @JISqL B0SFGAHEPŸ?LJIEPpbLG >GIJ JISFL|‹U9WCF> t k CqHLm@9>IGAHLGly0Lm@9JILG {>ALm@DMbpoSFR ‹U9WILR E JIL GISqLm@VpmˆIœžSqL -LmHLCgGYMVSgGIJ
SgG JALm@Nn k @9R B Nv!œ HLmHLmŸ?LG^“
s“ 6LGIG >IGIJ ˆqˆqˆ >IGIJ
JIEGIG “ 6LGIG >IGIJ ˆqˆqˆ >IGIJ
JIEGIG ˆqˆqˆ
ˆqˆqˆ
ˆqˆqˆ
ˆqˆqˆ
ˆqˆqˆ
ˆqˆqˆ
6LGG >GIJ ˆqˆqˆ >IGJ
JIEGIG ƒ MVSFGJ’JSqLƒB,SFGAHEPŸ?LJIEPpbLG‘>GIJ SFMbp-JEMN‹U9WICg> t k CFHLm@9>IGAHMbLm@9HLmŸGISFMmˆ
Lm@9RKL‘ k JILm@oJISqLoJ bLmOpVS j L‘y)LCFU9WIL JISqL wEP@9SFEPŸCqLG Ÿ?LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ?LG^ˆIœžEM
yoSq@9JR SqpbpbLCFMNJALm@NnI>A{m{v š?Lm@9EPp k @VLGYR SFG >IGJ’RTE ~XƒC ˆ˜”s‚$Ÿ?LMbpVSFRTR
D >IGIJ D MVSgGIJ SgWA@VLƒCFSFGAH>SFMbpVSFMVUDWALG
rzoŸ?Lm@VLSFGIMbpVSgR R >GAHMVR E JALm@-LmHLCFG
pmˆ
x1
x2
Regeln
Defuzzifizierung
Fuzzifizierung
...
y
Inferenz
xn
NŸIŸ
FS CFJI>IGIH “nI>I{m{v! k HSqOv@9LmHLCqŸEMVSqLm@9pbLM‹MbpbLR ˆ
CFM#u)LSFMbš SqLC^GALWIRKLGyoSq@-JISqLnI>GAOpVS k GALG E>IMoŸIŸˆ”m–ˆ^‹SqLžŸ?LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ?LG^“
F
& "$ & ( T~ oŸIŸˆ”m–E‚->IGIJ
& " & " &$" ~ NŸŸˆ”m–PŸ3‚D‘
(*&.$ $%" "$ "%( $~ NŸŸˆ”m–Us‚Dˆ
s
µ
µ
1.0
dunkel
grau
100
hell
œžSqL NLmHLCFG 9M SFGIJ^“
m“ 6LGIG
C 3 Q“ 6LGIG
$#Q“ 6LGIG
%P“ 6LGIG
x
200
(a)
1.0
dunkel
blau
blau
100
1
NŸŸSFCFJI>GAH
>IGIJ
>IGIJ
>IGIJ
>IGIJ
schwarz
hell
blau
µ
weiβ
1.0
x
200
Schatten
(c)
(b)
JIEGIG
JIEGIG JIEGIG JIEGIG !C "
!C "
Boden
y
2
”m–“3nI>A{m{v+=?>AHLW k r @9SFHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k GALG^ˆ
‘
<‘
" 2‘
‘
Wasser
B0SFGAL ‹ UDWICF> t k CqHLm@9>IGIH|t >Ar @ ~‡”” ”• N‚ yNSq@9J’HLMV>U9Wpmˆ
B,@9Mbp y)mL @9JALG JISqL LGpVMbšI@VLUDWALGIJAL 6Lm@VpbL AJ Lm@=?>IHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpVMVt…>IGIOpVS k GILG Ÿ3Lm@9LU9WIGALmp ~ y SF@9JSFG oŸIŸˆ^””JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpmˆ
" 5 JALm@ 6Lm@VpbL ~‡”” ”• ‚NN
`
µ
1.0
µ
dunkel
grau
hell
1.0
dunkel
blau
blau
schwarz
" 5
`
hell
blau
‚Dˆ$œSFL
weiβ
0.9
0.7
0.3
118
100
x
200
1
165
100
(a)
200
x
2
(b)
SFCFJI>IGIHT””P“?=?>IHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpVMVH@9EJ t >Ar @ ~‡”” ”• ‚Dˆ
œžEGIEUDW y)Lm@9JALG JSqLKEPOpVS j LG-LmHLCFG Ÿ3LMVpVSFR R pmˆ NOpVS j M9SFGIJ6JISqL bLGISqHLG NLmHLCFG^‘Ÿ?LSxJALGALG6JEM zNr ?Ÿ Lm@VLSgGv
MVpVSFR R|>IGAHMVR EKH@ k r Lm@oECFM >ICFC?SFMVpmˆ
m“GISgU9Wp-EPOpVS j
“ ˜ #~ ‚ #~€– V– ‚ – $#Q“GISgU9Wp-EPOpVS j
% “
#~ ‚ #~€– V– ‚ – NŸIŸ
1.0
s
µ
Schatten
H2
Wasser
`
t_
s
H4
µ
Boden
1.0
Schatten
Wasser
y
MAX(H2,H4)
µ
Boden
0.7
0.3
t_
1.0
y
Schatten
Wasser
Boden
y
2
(a)
oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH ”˜“ zNr Ÿ?Lm@Vpb@9EPH>GAH JALm@ zor Ÿ?Lm@VLSFGIMbpVSgR R >GAHMVR EAˆ
u)LS^>IGMbLm@VLR u)LSFMbšSqLC?MVSgGIJ JSqL - LmHLCFG6”ƒ>IGJ GISgU9Wp$EPOpVS j ˆIœžEPHLmHLG MVSFGJ JISFLNLmHLCFGl˜|>IGIJ EPOpVS j >IGJ
LSgG zNr Ÿ?Lm@VLSgGIMbpVSFR R|>IGAHM9R E OQEGIG Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WIGILmp-y0Lm@DJALG^‘JIEMoŸ?LMVU9WI@VLSqŸIpm‘AyNSFLƒH>ApoJISFL o>IMVHEGAHMVCFEPHL R Sqp-JALm@
bLmy)LSFCFSqHLG N
LmHLC >Ar Ÿ?Lm@VLSFGMbpVSFR R pmˆ
œžEM zor Ÿ?Lm@VLSFGIMVpVSFR R|>IGAHMVR E’ JALm@ ‹UDWICF> t k CqHLm@9>IGIH yNSF@9J G>IG E>At)JIEM ‹UDWICF> t k CqHLm@9>GAHMbLm@VHLmŸGSFM >Ar Ÿ?Lm@Vpb@DEQv
HLGˆœžE {>I@ nI>A{m{v†‡GAt›Lm@9LGA{’JILm@ >IGIM9U9WIEP@Vt…LTR SgGv š?Lm@9EPp k @ Ÿ?LG>Apb{mp yoSq@9J^‘^LGpVMbšI@9SgU9Wp JIEM LSFGALR ‹AU9WIGALSqv
JILG JALm@ >IGMVU9WIEP@9t›LG B,@VHLmŸGISgMVRKLGAHLG SFG JALm@  k r WAL JALm@ zor Ÿ3Lm@9LSFGIMbpVSFRTR >IGIHMVR E LKJALm@|‹UDWICF> t k CqHLm@9>GAH
~ o ŸIŸˆ2”˜PE>IGIJlŸ?‚Dˆ œžSqL|@VLMV>ICqpVSFLm@VLGIJALG >IMbHEGIHM‡v!nI>A{m{v!‰ LGIHLG6y0Lm@DJALG JI>I@9U9W JALG R Ev ž š3Lm@DEPp k @ ~…LSFG
C k HSFMVU9WILM ž œžB ž ‚ j Lm@VOG >Ar šIt…p#>IGIJLSFGALGIL>ALnI>A{m{v!‰ LGIHL yNSF@9J’Lm@V{mL>AHp ~ o ŸIŸˆ<”˜PUs‚Dˆ
œžEM)@ k JI>AOpJALm@,n>A{m{v ž š3Lm@DEPpVS k GALGTSgMbpLSFGALoGAL>AL-nI>A{m{v!‰YLGAHL ~ N ŸIŸ<ˆ”˜PUs‚DˆœžSqLMVLNGAL>ALN‰YLGAHLSFMbpyNSFL v
JILm@$>GIMVU9WEP@Vt>IGIJ’MbšSqLmHLCFp)JISFLž‹SFUDWALm@9WALSFp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@$JIEM$B@VHLmŸGSFM k JALm@N‹UDWICF> t k CqHLm@9>IGIH R Sqp 6 Lm@VpbLG{myNSgMVU9WALG
(b)
(c)
>ICFC?>IGJ B,SFGIMˆ
nECFCFMLSgGTG>IRKLm@9SFM9U9WALMB,@VHLmŸGISgMŸ?LG<k r pVSqHpyoSq@9J^‘y EPr @9LoJISqL-œLmt€>A{m{S{SFLm@9>IGAH JILm@0B@9HLmŸGISFM‡v!‰YLGAHLNJILm@0CqLmpb{mpbL
‹AU9WA@9SFpbpmˆœEPt >Ar @HSFŸIpžLM j Lm@9MVUDWISqLJALGIL ‰ LmpVW k JALG ~ oŸIŸˆ” ‚Dˆ=3y0LS,JALm@ECFCqHLRKLSgGALm@VLG6LU9WIGISFOLG MVSFGIJ JISFL
‰YLmpVW k JALG7JALM "& && ( " $/" $K>IGIJ JALM " 0 $"/$l~€<SFG ” ‚Dˆ)u0LSgR Lm@9MbpbLG yNSF@9JLSFG 6Lm@VpTE>IM
JILR ‰YEASFR|>IR JALm@ n>A{m{v >IMbHEGIHM‡v!‰ LGIHL JILm@ -LmHLC-RTSqp JALR W k r UDWIMbpbLG B@Vt >Ir CFCF>GAHMbH@9EJEPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmpmˆ
B0MžyNSq@9J EGAHLG k R RKLG^‘JIE JALm@W k r U9WIMbpbL 6Lm@Vp JALm@>IGMVU9WIEP@9t›LG nI>IGIOpVS k G6JILR B@VHLmŸGSFMžER Ÿ?LMbpbLG LGp‡v
MVšI@9SFUDWpmˆ t…p)HSFŸIp0LM$OLSgGLSFGA{mLCFGALM)‰ ESFR|>IR ‘AM k GJALm@9G LSFGALG‰YEASFR|>IR Ÿ3Lm@9LSFU9W^ˆ†‡G’JSqLMbLR nIECFC?yNSF@9J LSFG
6Lm@9p SFG JISqLMbLR u)Lm@VLSFUDW E>IMbHLmy Er WICqpmˆB,SgG u)LSFMVšSqLC2yNSq@9J SFG oŸIŸˆx” HLm{mLSqHpmˆœžSqLT‹UDWy)Lm@Vš>GAOpVR LmpVW k JIL
Ÿ?Lm@VLUDWIGALmp,JILG 6Lm@Vp0E>M,JALR nC Er UDWALGIMVUDWy)Lm@Vš>GAOp0JALm@@VLMV>CqpVSqLm@VLGIJILGKnI>A{m{v!‰ LGAHLK~€MVUDWA@9E"TLm@VpbLnC Er U9WAL
SgG NŸIŸ<ˆ”˜PUs‚Dˆ
srs
µ
1.0
y
NŸIŸ
SFCFJI>IGIH ” “ B,@9R SqpbpVCg>IGAH|LSFGALM-MVUDWIEP@Vt…LG 6 Lm@VpbLME>IM-JALm@o>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LG B@VHLmŸGSFMVRKLGAHLˆ
MAXIMUM (YM)
SCHWERPUNKT (YS)
œžSqL ‹U9Wy0Lm@9š>IGAOpVRKLmpVW k JALSFMbp-JEM-HLmŸI@ Er >U9WICFSgU9WIMbpbL wxLm@Vt…EWI@VLG^ˆB0M#Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WIGILmp-LSFGALGl>GIMVU9WEP@Vt›LG 6Lm@VpoE>IM
JILR ‹U9Wy0Lm@9š>IGAOp#JALm@-HLMVER pbLG ‰YLGAHL‘JISFLv!} kk @9JISFGEPpbLžJILMo‹U9Wy)Lm@Vš>IGAOpbLM#SFG oŸIŸˆ^” ‘SFMVp)HLmHLmŸ?LG
J>A@9U9W“
@ , A, $~ J I ‚J ~ ˜‚
6LGGŠJISFL >IGIM9U9WIEP@Vt…LG‰YLGAHLGE>IM|œo@9LSqLUVOLG >IGJ <@DEPš3Lm{mLGŠHLmŸSFCgJALmpy)Lm@9JALG^‘2SFMbp JSqLTu)Lm@VLU9WG>IGIH JALM
‹AU9Wy0Lm@Vš >IGAOpbLM CqLSFUDWpm‘o>IGIJ JISFL6†+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k GALG O k r GGALG JI>I@9U9W&LSgGAt…EUDWAL‹>R RKLG&Lm@9MVLmpb{mp y)Lm@9JALG^ˆNœLm@
‹AU9Wy0Lm@Vš >IGAOp->IGIJJALm@v 6Lm@VpoJILM-‰YEASFR|>IR M-M9SFGIJSFG JALm@ NLmHLC<GISgU9Wp-SFJALGpVSFMVU9Wˆ
&+*
$ ' "
* '##&
B0SFGALƒJISqHSFpVECqLoEMbpbLm@VOPEP@VpbL LGpVMbpbLWpNE>IM#LSgGALm@-EGIEC k HLGl} EP@VpbL‘ISFGIJALR RTEG JISqLƒEGIEC k HL } EP@VpbLR Sqp$LSFGALR
CgSFU9WpbLRKš GJICFSFUDWALG ‹LGIM k @žEPŸIpVEMbpbLmp ~…w k r HpVCqL ” ‚DˆœžEPŸ3LSyNSq@DJ JISqL w k @9CFEPHL Ÿ?LCqL>IU9WpbLmpž>IGIJ JSqL†‡GpbLGv
M9Sqp EPr p JALm@@9L LmOpVSFLm@VpbLG‹pb@DEWICF>IGAHR SqpSFCqt…LKLSFGALM|Ž-Ž$œov+Ž$WISqš MžHLRKLMVMbLG^ˆœSFLT}EP@VpbL yoSq@9J6M k 0>IGAOpƒt >Ir @
0>IGAOpm‘{mLSFCqLGy0LSFMVLEPŸIHLmpVEMbpbLmpmˆ oCFMNB@VHLmŸGSFM)LGpVW Er CFpNR EGLSFGAL‰ EPpb@9S?‘SFGJALm@N†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k G >Ar Ÿ?Lm@-JISqLž†+GAv
pbLGMVSqpsEPr p-JALm@#@VL LmOpVSqLm@9pbLGY‹pb@9EWICg>IGAH t >Ar @ bLJALG ,>GAOp#JALm@-} EP@VpbLƒHLMbš?LSFU9WILm@Vp-SFMbpmˆIœž>A@9UDW JISqLžwxLm@Vy)LGIJI>IGIH
jk Gn2SgCqpbLm@9G OPEGIG6JISqL @VL LmOpVSqLm@VpbL‹pb@9EWICF>GAH’SgG SgWA@VLKnIEP@VŸEGpbLSFCqLK{mLm@DCqLmHpy)Lm@9JALG^ˆ t…pƒy)Lm@9JALG6JISqLKnSFCqpbLm@
M k HLmy Er WCqpm‘2JE Y†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@|JSqLTJA@VLS0O k RKšCFLRKLGpsEPr @9LGnEP@VŸ?LG@ k pm‘H@>r G>IGIJŸCFE>EPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmp
y)Lm@9JALGTO k r GGALG^ˆœžER SFp0MbpbLWp0LSgGALNt€EP@VŸSqHL NEMbpbLm@9OQEP@VpbL{>A@$JISqHSqpVECFLG 6LSqpbLm@ j Lm@9EP@9Ÿ3LSFpV>IGAH {>I@0wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGIHAˆ
œž>A@DU9WTJSqL#‰Y>IMVpbLm@VLm@VOLGIG>IGAHyoSq@9JKEGIMVUDWICFSqL LGJ j Lm@9MV>IUDWpm‘JALGKH@9EPš WISFMVUDWALGT‹pb@9>AOpV>A@VLGTE>Ap k R EPpVSFMVUDW LSFGIL
u)LJAL>IpV>IGAH{>A{>y)LSFMbLGY~€EPOL X@ >r GA@VLSFUDW ” ‚>GIJ JISqL#†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@,JISqLo‹{mLGALN{>T@VLmO k GIMbpb@9>Av
SFLm@VLG^ˆ
œžSqL-E>Ip k R EPpVSFMVUDWALNB@9OLGIG>GAHƒJALM}EP@VpbLGSFGIWIECqpbLMSFMVpSgR RKLm@G k U9WKLSgGKGISFU9Wp jk CFCFMbp Er GJISqHžHLC k r MbpbLM0@ k ŸCFLR
~€} CFE>ALm@ ” ‘ œ k Lm@9R EGIG ” ‘3u0@ >Ar HLCFR EGIG ” ‘ ,EGAH ” ‚Dˆw k G LSgGALm@#ECFCqHLRKLSFGILG’ k r MV>IGAHKSFMVp
JSqL#n k @9MVUDW>IGIH G k U9WKy)LSqpxLGpbt›Lm@9Gpmˆu$SFM9WALm@MVSFGIJ JISFL)LGp!yoSFUVOLCqpbLG’0k r M9>IGAHLGKG k U9W MVpVEP@VO jk G JALm@ EPpV>A@,>IGJ
JILR =?y0LU9OYJALMH@9EPšWSFMVU9WILGYœ k O>IRKLGpVMƒEPŸW Er GAHSqHAˆ?B,MžWIEPŸ?LG MVSFUDW GSFU9WpG>A@ž>IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWAL =?LSFU9WALGAv
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 E>AšIpbO k R š k GILGpbLƒCFSqLmHLG‘Ÿ?LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ?LGTMVSFLJISFLMbLCqŸ?LNBŸ?LGALoyNSqLžJISqL jk GžWpVE "%$ & (*) ” P– Ÿ?LMVU9WA@DSqLmŸ?LGALG
wxLmOp k @VLG^‘MVSqL-MVSgGIJ|HLmHLG>Ar Ÿ?Lm@0JALGILGKG>A@,Lmp!y$EM,HLJA@9LWpmˆ 6LmHLG JALMHLm@9SFGAHLm@VLG -LU9WILGIE>At…y)EGIJM>IGIJKJALm@
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CFLm@o k R k HLGISqp EPr pž>IGIJlJILm@žX@9>IšIšSqLm@9>GAHKJALm@o0SLC<SFGlMVSFGG jk CFCFL -LmHS k GALG EPŸˆ oGIM EPr pb{mL‘3JISFLJISqLMbLG =3y0LU9O
Lm@9t >Ir CgCqLG^‘ŸEM9SqLm@VLGTE>It<}EGpbLGAL pb@DEPOpVS k G‘nC Er UDWALGy)EUDWIMbpV>IR ‘ASFMbp k H@9ERTR EGIECMbL k JALm@-Ž$CF>MbpbLm@9SFGAHAˆ=3y0LS
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NLmHS k GALG7RTSqpKJALm@9MbLCqŸ?LG nIEP@VŸ?L >GIJ } k Gpb@DEMbp {myNSFM9U9WALG Ÿ?LGIEUDWŸ EP@VpbLG -LmHS k GALG^‘xLSFGAL >At…pbLSFCF>IGIH JALM
nEP@VŸI@9E>IR LM k šIpVSgR SqLm@VpmˆœžEM0wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG’SFMbp jk R1 š ( '$ ( & (# " '5" >IGIJTOQEGGTR Sqp0oSFCFt›L jk G oŸIŸˆ ”•
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Ausgangssituation
RGB-Darten
grobe Segmentierung
Histogram Analyse
f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8
h(x)
x
Zusammenfassung
h(x)
f1
f2 f3
f4
x
Bewertung
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
f7
f8
f1
f1
f1
f2
f3
f4
f4
f4
Verschmelzungskriterien
Ergebnis
N Farben
oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH
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O k R š k GILGpbLG ~€SFR # v)nEP@VŸMMbpbLR ‚#Ÿ3LM9U9WA@9SFLmŸ3LGˆœžEMžWALS pm‘ MbLSFGl‰YLm@VOR ECFM j LmOp k @ ~ #s‚#LGp‡v
W Er Cqp<G>A@JISFLnIEP@VŸSFGIt k @9RTEPpVS k G^ˆsœžSqLMbL)œžEPpbLG y)Lm@9JALG SFGƒLSFGILR Lm@9MbpbLGK‹UDWA@9Sqpbp<SgG j SFLCqL‘sRKLWA@2ECFMHLmy >Ir GIMVUDWpbL‘
nEP@VŸIH@9>Ašš3LG E>At…HLmpbLSFCqpmˆ R B,GJALKJISqLMbLm@ƒ@VLGIG>IGAHLGpVMVpbLWALG j SqLCqLKW k R k HLGAL Xž@9>AšIš?LG^ˆ?œžSqLMbLTX@9>AšIv
š?LG’LGpVMbšI@VLUDWALGlGISFUDWp->GŸ?LJISFGIHp0JALGHLmy >r GIMVU9WpbLGlnIEP@9ŸIH@9>AšIš?LG^‘>IGIJSFWI@VLowxLm@DMVU9WIR LCq{>IGAH SFGMVSgGIG jk CgCqL
Xž@9>AšIš?LGSFMbp#G k r pVSqHAˆ B,M$y)Lm@9JALGYX@D>AšIš?LG’HLMV>IU9Wpm‘ JSqLžHCqLSFU9WEP@VpVSqHL Ÿ bLmOpbLSFG JALm@-}EP@VpbL @VLmšI@ Er MbLGpVSqLm@VLGˆ
‹ASqLƒM k CFCqLG Mbš?LmOpb@9EC^>IGIJ@ Er >IR CFSFUDW W k R k HLGlMVLSFGl>IGIJ M9SFU9W jk GYEGIJALm@VLG Ÿ?LGIEUDWŸ EP@VpbLG H>Ap->IGpbLm@9MVUDWALSFJALG
~…H>IpbLm@o} k Gpb@9EMbpD‚Dˆ
œžSqL -LJI>IOpVS k GTJALm@#=^EWICIJALm@#X@9>AšIš?LGKyoSq@9J ECFM,LSFG žšIpVSFR SqLm@D>IGAHMbšI@ k ŸCqLR Ÿ3Lmpb@DEU9WpbLmpm‘Ÿ?LS JALR JISFLNnIEP@VŸAv
H@D>AšIš?LG SFpbLm@9EPpVS j O k R ŸSFGISFLm@Vp<y)Lm@9JALG^ˆ 6LGIG LSgGAL#Xž@9>AšIš?L0GSFU9WpŸ3LMVpVSFR R pbLG ‰YLm@VOR ECqLG LGpVMbšI@9SFUDWpm‘JIEGG
yoSq@9J M9SqL GIEUDW jk @VHLmHLmŸ?LGALG -LmHLCFG R SqpžEGIJALm@9LG X@D>AšIš?LG j Lm@9MVUDWIR k Cq{mLGˆ?œžSqL ‰YLm@VORTECqL JALm@ X@D>AšIš?LG
y)Lm@9JALG E>IM-JALm@N>GIMVU9WEP@Vt›LG œžEP@9MVpbLCFCF>IGAHKSFWI@VLm@-Mbš?LmOpb@DECqLG >IGIJ@ Er >R CFSFUDWALGB,SqHLGIM9U9WIEPt…pbLG EPŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpmˆ
=^>IR u)LSFMbšSqLC$M k CgC j Lm@9R SqLJALG7y0Lm@9JILG^‘JIE JISqL } k R š k GILGpbLG LSgGALm@ nIEP@VŸIH@D>AšIš?L>Ar Ÿ?Lm@ JIEMKHEGA{mL u$SFCgJ
j Lm@DMbpb@VL>ApNM9SFGIJ^ˆœžEP{>lyNSq@DJLSFGAL>IGIM9U9WIEP@Vt…Lƒu)LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ>IGAHKLSgGAHLmt >r WA@Vpm‘AJISqLJALG Xž@9EJlJALm@Xž@9EG>CFEP@9Sqp EPr p-JALm@
nC Er UDWALGKŸ?LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ?LG OQEGIGˆ‹SFGIJ|JISqL -LmHS k GALG MbpVEP@VO|{mLm@VHCFSFLJALm@Vpx>IGIJ j Lm@9Mbpb@9L>Apm‘JIEGIG M k CgCAJISqL#nIEP@VŸIH@D>AšIš?L
JSqL u)LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ>IGIH MVUDWy$EU9W j Lm@VŸ >IGIJALG Lm@9WIECqpbLG^ˆ B,MM k CFCqLGlECgCqLm@9JISFGIHM#G>A@MbpVEP@VO j Lm@VŸ >IGIJALGAL-LmHS k GALG
Lm@DWIECqpbLGy)Lm@9JALGˆ œLMVWIECqŸ yNSq@9J SFGLSFGILR GIEUDWAt k CFHLGIJALGK‹U9WA@DSqpbp<JISqLMVL MVUDWy$EU9W j Lm@9Ÿ>IGIJALGIL 0nIEP@VŸIH@D>AšIš?L
RTSqp-JALm@-ER G Er U9WIMbpbLG j Lm@Vy$EGIJApbLGlnIEP@9ŸIH@9>AšIš?L j Lm@9MVUDWIR k Cq{mLG y0Lm@DJALG^ˆ
a
/
S
1:O9IW]=%B<L]k
k
cLOI176CB<9I6
HLBlcHO68=%k
6F3#9<176CBY;H3H=
B0SFGlHC k ŸECqLm@oWSFMbp k H@9ER R ŸEMVSFLm@VpbLm@GIMVEPpb{|yNSq@DJlEGAHLmy$EGIJApm‘^>IR JILGYnIEP@9ŸI@9E>IR SFG W k R k HLGAL -LmHS k GALG
{> pbLSFCqLGˆ œžEMX@9>IGIJIšI@9SFGA{SFšJISFLMbLM<wxLm@9t…EWA@9LGIMSgMbp<JISqL$‹>IU9WIL0GIEUDW @9LCFEPpVS j LG|‰YSFGSFR E~€ Er CqLm@ ‚>IGJ‰YEASFR E
~‹šSqpb{mLG ‚SgR SFMbp k H@9ER RlˆœžE JISFLMbLm@ GIMVEPpb{žG>A@ jk G JALG nIEP@VŸy0Lm@9pbLG’EPŸ W Er GAHSqH SgMbpm‘yNSq@DJKLm@0ECFMHC k Ÿ EC
Ÿ?Lm{mLSFUDWIGALmpmˆ wxLm@9MVU9WSqLJALGAL oGIM EPr pb{mL {>A@B@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G X@D>AšIš?LG SFG SFMbp k H@DER RKLGly)Lm@9JALGYSFGlJALm@ž<SFpbL v
@DEPpV>A@Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LG^‘?{ˆ—uˆSFG6nI> (‰ >IS ” ” ‘}EGIEJAL ” P– ‘x‹EW kk "$ & ( ) ” ˆxœoLm@|R EPpVWALR EPpVSgMVU9WAL
GIMVEPpb{ WISqLm@VŸ?LS?CFE>ApbLmpm“
s `
?~?‚
s `
Sqt/
s `r`
~ ^‚ ~ s” ‚
~ ˜‚
– ”9˜ 6
†‡GJISqLMbLR =?>IM9ER RKLGIWIEGIHlŸ?LMVU9WA@9LSqŸIp 7JSqL @9LCFEPpVS j L k M9SqpVS k G JALM|,SLCFM|SFR u$SFCgJ^‘ ~ ^‚MbpbLWp t >Ir @|JALG
Xž@9E>y)Lm@Vp k JILm@)JISFLNnIEP@VŸ?LžJISqLMbLM),SLCFMm‘KMVpbLWp)t >Ir @0JIEM#‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGIHMbLm@VHLmŸGISgM,>IGIJ
t >Ar @)JALG‹AU9Wy0LCFCqv
y)Lm@Vpmˆ
k MbLGAt…LCF
J JAL CFE  k @V@9L ” MVU9WICgEPHLG JISqL oGECMVLJALm@ SFMbp k H@DER R j EP@9SFEPpVS k G ECgM6u)EM9SFM t >Ir @ JISFL
‹AU9W EPr pb{>IGIHJALm@lX@9>IšIš?LG jk @ˆ$œSFLYš k MVSqpVS j v >GIJ7GALmHEPpVS j O k GAOPE j LG u)Lm@VLSgU9WAL Lm@9W Er Cqp’R EG R Sqp SFCqt…L JALm@
O k G j L LGY >Ir CFCqL ~€JALR Er U9WALGR E r SqH OCqLSFGIMVpbLGwSqLCFLUVO3‘Iy0LCgU9WALMoJIEMNSFMbp k H@9ERTR LSFGIMVUDWICFSqL pD‚DˆIB0SFGALƒwxLm@bv
Ÿ?LMVMVLm@9>IGAHNJSqLMbLM oCqH k @DSqpVWIR|>IMm‘Ÿ?LSJILR MbpVEPpbpxJALm@SFMbp k H@9ER R y)Lm@VpbL#MbLCqŸMbpSFWA@VL, k HEP@9SqpVWIR LG b~7+‚<Ÿ?LG>Ipb{mp
y)Lm@9JALG‘3yoSq@9J jk G WEPpVR k >AHW ” ” Ÿ?LMVUDWA@9SqLmŸ?LG^ˆ †+G JISFLMbLR nIECFCyNSF@9JYJSqL k Ÿ?Lm@VL L š k GALGpVSFLCFCqL  >Ir CgCqL
Ÿ?Lm@VLUDWIGALmpmˆ
s `r`
srs
b~7+‚ ?~ ~7+‚b‚ 7=+ –
~ ‚
b~ 7+‚ – 7 –
~ ‚
œžSqL k Ÿ?Lm@VLƒO k G j L L  >Ir CFCqLA~7+‚ jk G b~ 7+‚$yNSq@9JECFM#JISFLžRTSFGISFR ECFL k Ÿ?Lm@VLnI>GAOpVS k G^‘AJISqLƒSFR RKLm@#H@ k r Lm@oECFM b~7+‚
SgMbpm‘3JIL GISqLm@Vpmˆ3œžSqL| Er CqLm@JILMSFMbp k H@DER R My0Lm@DJALG E>IMžJALR zoGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJ {myNSFMVUDWALG JALm@ƒC k HEP@9SqpVWIRTSFMVU9WILG
n>IGAOpVS k G >GIJ JILm@’JIEP{>IHLW k r @9SqHL6 >Ir CFCqLlLm@DR SqpbpbLCqp I~ 7+‚ ~ ^‚ & b~ ^‚Dˆ$œžSqL X@9E>y)Lm@VpbL‘-EG JALGALG MVSFU9W
Xž@9>AšIš?LGAH@VLGI{mLGKŸ?L GIJALGKO^k r GIGALG‘y)Lm@9JALG’JI>A@9UDWTJISqLoC k OQECFLG ‰ ESgR E jk G I~7+‚EGIHLmHLmŸ3LG6~€MmˆoŸIŸˆ”I_‚Dˆ
h(x)
r(x)=q(x)-l(x)
q(x)
l(x)
x
NŸIŸ
SFCFJI>IGIH ” “3‹UDW<EPr pb{>IGAH JALm@NnIEP@VŸH@9>AšIš?LGAH@VLGI{mLG E>IM-JALm@-L š k GALGpVSqLCFCqLGT>Ir CFCqLƒJALM-SFMbp k H@DER R Mmˆ
‹Lm{EG ” – Ÿ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸIp<LSFG EGIJILm@VLM2wxLm@Vt…EWI@VLG|{>A@xu0LMVpVSFR R|>IGAHžJALm@xXž@VLGA{mLGK>IGIJ|‰ ESFRTE jk GTX@D>AšIš?LG
SgR oSFMVp k H@9ER R ˆœžSqLMVLM#wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG ŸEM9SqLm@Vp-E>AtJALm@ GIECMbLJALm@#wEP@9SgEPpVS k GlJALm@NSFMbp k H@DER R y)Lm@VpbLˆ3B,M-SFMVp
@9LU9WIGALm@DSFMVU9W LSFGAt€EU9W|>IGIJ WIEPpJALG w k @9pbLSFC ‘PJIERTEG G>A@2LSFGALG|2EP@DERKLmpbLm@xŸI@9E>IUDWpm‘P>IR JISqL)B,RKš 3GIJICFSFUDWAOLSqp
JILMowxLm@9t…EWA@9LGIMN{> @VLmHLCgG^ˆ3B0SFG u)Lm@VHLm@VOLGIG>IGAHMVM9SqHGIEC ~…š?LEPOv!JALmpbLU pVS k G6MVSqHGIEC›‚#yNSq@9JYE>IMJALm@ƒœS3Lm@VLGI{
I_
srs
{myoSFMVU9WILG{my0LS^nI>GAOpVS k GALG JALM#SFMbp k H@9ER RTM#Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WIGILmpmˆœžSqLƒLm@DMbpbLnI>IGAOpVS k GyNSF@9J E>M#JALm@oGMVER R FC >GAH
JILm@SFMbp k H@9ERTR y)Lm@VpbLKHLmŸSFCgJALmpmˆ œžSqL|{my0LSFpbL n>IGAOpVS k GYSgMbpJEMoB,@VHLmŸGISFMJALm@žnSFCqpbLm@9>IGIH JALm@oGMVER R FC >GAH
JILM-oSgMbp k H@9ER R MNR Sqp#LSFGALR C k y#vš EMVM‡v!nSFCqpbLm@ ~‹Lm{EG ” – ‚D“
srs
~ ‚
~7+‚ & 6 ~7+‚
y k Ÿ?LS t >Ar @NJISFL‹A>IR RKLƒJALm@NSFMbp k H@DER R y)Lm@VpbL ~ 7+‚-MbpbLWpm“
D
~ •‚
~7‡‚ -, ~ /‚
6 ~7+‚$SFMVp-JIEM-B@9HLmŸGISFM#JALm@žXžC!EPr pV>IGAH jk G R SFp)LSgGALR(C k y#všEMVM-nSFCFpbLm@ˆ
n k CqHLGIJAL ‰YLm@VOR ECqLƒOLGIGI{mLSFU9WIGILGlJISqL k MVSqpVS k GlJALm@ u)Lm@VH
L |SFR(SFMbp k H@9ERTR “
”PˆNLmHEPpVS j L >ICFCFJ>A@9U9WIH Er GAHL“JIEMMVSgGIJ zNr Ÿ?Lm@VH Er GIHL jk Gš k MVSFpVS j LGƒ{>GALmHEPpVS j LG 6Lm@VpbLG‘ JISqLJILG GAt…EGIH
JALm@Nu)Lm@VHL OLGIGA{mLSFUDWIGALG^ˆ
˜ˆNœLm@NG Er U9WMbpbL zNr Ÿ?Lm@VHEGIH jk GlGALmHEPpVS j LG {>š k MVSFpVS j LG 6Lm@VpbLG^‘JALm@#LSgGAL Er WALm@D>IGAH t >Ir @$JILG X@9E>y0Lm@Vp
JALm@ @VLCFEPpVS j LGl‰ E ASFR >R JIEP@9MbpbLCgCqpmˆ
ˆNœžEM2C k OQECqL0‰YE ASFR|>IR jk G #C ~7+‚{myNSFMVUDWALG{my)LS o>ICgCFJI>A@9UDWAHEr GAHLGžLGpVMbšI@9SgU9WpJALR B,GIJAL,LSFGALM<C k OQECqLG
‰YE ASFR|>IR Mmˆ
œžSqLlX@ k r L JALm@ EU9WŸEP@9MVUDWIEPt…pm‘JISqL SgGJALm@KnSFCqpbLm@9>GAHlŸ?LG>Ipb{mp yNSF@9J^‘<Ÿ?LMbpVSgR R p|JISqL’B,RKš 3GIJICFSFUDWAOLSqpJALM
wxLm@9t…EWA@9LGIMmˆLOCqLSFGALm@KJISqL EU9WŸEP@9MVUDWIEPt›pm‘0JALMbp k RKLWA@ OCqLSFGALm@9L’u)Lm@VHLlO k r GIGALGHLmt€>IGIJALGy)Lm@9JALG^‘x>IGJ
>R M k t…LSFGALm@#OPEGIGlR EGlJEM-oSgMbp k H@9ER R(E>It›pbLSFCFLG^ˆ
C3~7+‚
a
/
a
H9<14k
1768Bl;3-=[GH68B
HLBlc-9IBl6F3H3;3-=
=?LSFU9WALG jk @9MVUDWA@9Sqt…pbLG tD>Ir @ž} EP@VpbLG6MbLWALG RKLSFMVpG>A@žy0LGSqHLKnIEP@VŸ?LG jk @‘^EPŸ?Lm@žJ>A@9U9W JISFL wEP@9SgEPpVS k G Ÿ?LSJALm@
o Lm@9MbpbLCgCF>IGAHA‘mJI>A@DU9WJALG oCqpbLm@D>IGAHMbšI@ k {mL ->IGIJƒJI>A@DU9WJISFLzGAHLGIE>SqHOLSqpbLGŸ?LSJALm@ EGIJICF>IGIH jk G sEGIEC k H GEU9W JISqHSqpVEC|LGpVMbpbLWALGR LWA@VLm@VLKnIEP@VŸp k r GALˆ G6JALG zNr Ÿ?Lm@VH Er GIHLG6LGpVMVpbLWALG JI>A@DU9W6JISqL @ Er >R CFSFUDWAL|œžSFMbv
O@VLmpVSFM9SqLm@9>IGAHK‰ SFMVUDWAšSLC ‘I>IGIJ JI>A@9UDWlJISqL zor Ÿ?Lm@9CFEPHLm@9>IGIH >IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJICFSFUDWALm@NnIEP@VŸ?LG y0Lm@9JILG GAL>AL nIEP@VŸIp k r GAL
Lm@9{mL>AHpmˆ#œSFLMbLYGAL>ILG nIEP@9ŸIp k r GAL O k r GIGILG M k HEP@ W Er > HLm@’ECgM JISFL >A@9Mbš@ >Ir GAHCFSgU9WAL nIEP@VŸ?L jk @VO k R RKLG‘)JISFL
oŸy0LMbLGWALSqpoJILm@o>A@9MVšI@ >Ir GAHCgSFU9WALGnIEP@9Ÿ3LG jk @Vp Er >IM9U9WALG >IGIJYJIEMNB,@VHLmŸGISFMoJALm@ž‹LmHRKLGpVSFLm@9>IGAHTRTSqp-LSFGALR
WILm@VO k r RTR CFSFUDWALG’wxLm@Vt…EWI@VLG MbpVEP@9O Ÿ?LmLSFGpb@ Er U9WpVSqHLG^ˆ
œLm@WISFMbp k H@DER R Ÿ EMVSqLm@VpbL nIEP@VŸMbLmHR LmpVSqLm@9>IGAHM9ECqH k @9SqpVWIR|>IM ~ NŸMˆ AˆF”Pˆ ‚ SFMbp LSgGAL WALm@VO k r R R CgSFU9WALY k r MV>IGIHAˆ
œžSqL SFG7JALm@lXžC ˆ ” Ÿ?LMVUDWA@9SqLmŸ?LGALG ‹AU9Wy0LCFCFy0Lm@VpbL MVSFGIJ G>A@ jk G JILm@’ Er > HOLSqp’JALm@Xž@9E>y)Lm@VpbL SFR u$SFCgJ
EPŸ W Er GAHSqHAˆ oGIJILm@VL’‰YLm@VOR ECqL‘2{>IR u0LSgMbšSqLC0JISqLXžL k RKLmpb@9SqL JALm@|t…EP@9ŸSqHLGn2C Er U9WALG^‘2y)Lm@9JALGJIEPŸ?LS0GISgU9Wp
Ÿ?Lm@>r UVOMVSFU9WpVSqHpm‘ k Ÿy k WCMVSqLK{>A@ wxLm@Vt›LSgGALm@9>IGAH JALm@ ‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAH Ÿ?LSqpb@DEPHLG6O?k r GGpbLG^ˆœEM †+GpbLm@VLMVMVL Ÿ?LS
JILm@TnIEP@VŸMVLmHRKLGpVSFLm@9>IGAHSgMbp bLJ k UDW^‘,GISgU9Wp G>A@ W k R k HLGAL nIEP@VŸIH@9>IšIš?LG {>7Lm@VOLGIGILG^‘,M k GIJILm@9G JIE JISFL
0SLCLSFGILM Ÿ bLmOpbLM$SFR u$SFCFJ H@9>AšIš SqLm@Vp,y)Lm@9JALGˆœLMby)LmHLGlSFMVp0LM#MVSgGIG jk CgC ‘GIEUDWLSFGALm@$HC k ŸECFLG’nEP@VŸMbLmHPv
R LGpVSqLm@D>IGAH JISFL nIEP@VŸIH@9>IšIš?LG R Sqp SFCqt…LTEGIJILm@VLm@ ‰YLm@VOR ECqL ~…@ Er >IR CFSFUDWALm@ >IGJ Mbš?LmOpb@DECqLm@ ‰YLm@VOR ECqL ‚ž{>
EGECM9SqLm@VLG >IGIJ{>lLGpVMVUDWALSFJALG‘ k Ÿ MVSqLƒ{> Ÿ bLmOpbLGlSgG JALm@‹{mLGALƒš EMVMbLG^ˆ
†‡R t k CqHLGIJALGyoSq@9JHLm{mLSqHpm‘ yNSqLJISqLMVLMN‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAHM j Lm@Vt…EWI@VLG k šIpVSFRTSqLm@Vp$y0Lm@DJALG OPEGIG^“
”PˆNœžEMu$SFCgJlyNSq@DJlR SqpoLSFGALR HC k ŸECqLG wxLm@Vt…EWI@VLGYMVLmHRKLGpVSFLm@Vpmˆ?†+GYJISqLMbLm@ oGIt…EGAHMVšWIEMbL y0Lm@9JILG RKLWA@
nIEP@VŸIH@D>AšIš?LG HLGALm@DSqLm@Vpm‘ECFM)LM0>A@DMbšI@ >Ir GIHCFSFU9WTnIEP@VŸ?LG SgG JALm@$}EP@VpbLHEPŸˆAœžSqLMbLLm@9MbpbLž k r MV>GAH yNSF@9JTECFM
o>MbHEGAHMVMVSFpV>IEPpVS k G j Lm@Vy)LGIJALmpmˆ
˜ˆNœžSqL @ Er >IR CFSgU9WAL wxLm@VpbLSFCF>IGIH’>IGJ JSqL|MVš3LmOpb@9ECqLG B,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLG6JALm@0SLC bLJALm@ƒnIEP@VŸIH@D>AšIš?L y)Lm@9JALG
>IGpbLm@9MV>IUDWpmˆn >Ar @ ‡LJAL Xž@9>AšIš?Lžy0Lm@DJALG t k CqHLGIJALB0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt›pbLG G>IR Lm@9SFMVUDW JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpm“
‹š?LmOpb@DECqLƒ k R k HLGSqp EPr pm‘
XLMbpVECqp|~…@ Er >IR CFSgU9WALm@o=?>MVER RKLGIWEGAHKJALm@N,SLC?LSFGILm@X@9>Ašš3L ‚D‘
} k Gpb@9EMbp-{myNSgMVU9WALGlLSFGALm@oX@9>IšIš?Lž>GIJ SFWA@VL EU9WŸEP@9G^ˆ
œžSqLMbL JA@VLSB,SqHLGIM9U9WIEPt…pbLG MVSFGIJ >IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LYu)LmH@9S?L‘#JALMby)LmHLG y0Lm@9JILG MVSFLYECFM>IGIM9U9WIEP@Vt…LY‰YLGAHLG
~€R Sqp oSgCqt›L JALm@KnI>A{m{v! k HSqOI‚ Ÿ3LWEGIJALCqpmˆx‹SqL Ÿ?LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ?LGJEM >IMVMVLWALGŠJILm@ t€EP@VŸSqHLGnC Er U9WILGSgG
JALm@N}EP@9pbL >IGIJLm@9R k r HCFSFU9WILGLSFGALu)Lmy0Lm@9pV>IGAHTJALm@ ž>IECFSqp EPr p-JILM-B@VHLmŸ GISFMVMbLMˆ
ˆoL’GIEU9W 6Lm@Vp JISqLMbLm@ ƒ>IECFSqp EPr pVMbŸ?LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ >IGAHy0Lm@DJALG HLmyNSgMVMbLXž@9>AšIš?LG Ÿ?LMbLSqpVSqHpm‘JIEM WILS pLSFGALm@
EGIJALm@VLG‘ MbpsEPr @VOLm@9LGX@9>AšIš?L{>IHLmyNSqLMbLG^ˆ?œžSqL B,GpVMVU9WALSgJI>IGAH >Ir Ÿ3Lm@žJISqL B@9WIECFpV>IGAH k JALm@žu)LMbLSqpVSqH>IGIH
LSFGALm@Xž@9>AšIš?LyNSq@9J E>At…H@9>IGJ’JILm@ ž>IECFSFp EPr pVMbšEP@9ERKLmpbLm@oECFCqLm@oX@9>IšIš?LGHLmpb@ k 3LGˆ
AˆNB,M yNSq@9J >Ar Ÿ?Lm@Vš@ >Ar t…pm‘ k ŸJISqL jk GŠJALGJI@VLS‰YLm@VORTECqLG Ÿ?LMVUDWA@9SqLmŸ?LGAL ž>IECgSqp EPr p JALm@ GIL>ALGX@D>AšIš?LG
E>IMb@VLSgU9WALGIJ SFMVp ~…H@ k r Lm@|ECFMLSFG ‹U9Wy)LCFCqy)Lm@VpD‚Dˆ 6LGIG LSFGAL X@9>IšIš?L|GISgU9WpžE>Mb@VLSFUDWALGIJ Mbš?LmOpb@9ECW k v
R k HLG SFMbpm‘SgWA@VL 0SLC<E>AtJALR u)SgCFJ {> MbpVEP@VO HLMbpb@VL>IpMVSgGIJ k JALm@oJALm@} k Gpb@9EMbpžJISqLMbLm@ƒX@9>AšIš?LR SFp
JALG Ÿ?LGIEUDWŸ EP@VpbLG NLmHS k GALG6{>ŠGISqLJA@9SFHSgMbpm‘<JIEGIG yNSq@9J6JALm@ @ k {mL EPŸŠJALR {my0LSqpbLG ‹UDWA@9SqpbpƒyNSFL v
JALm@9W k CFpmˆIœoLm@ž@ k {mL TyNSq@DJŸ3LmLGJALmpm‘Ay0LGG ECFCqL Xž@9>AšIš?LG JISqLƒHLmy >Ir GIMVUDWpbLGYB,SqHLGIM9U9WIEPt…pbLGlLm@V@9LSFU9WALG
k JILm@-OLSFGALƒy)LSqpbLm@VLwxLm@9Ÿ3LM9MbLm@9>IGAH RYk r HCFSFU9W SFMbpmˆ
Eingangsdaten
Initialisierung
Zwischenergebnis
Berechnung von Merkmalen
räumlicher Zusammenhang
spektrale Homogenität
Kontrast
Regelbasis
Bewertung
Kontrolle
Ergebnis
oŸIŸSFCgJI>IGAH’”`“ šIpVSFRTSqLm@9>IGAHMVšI@ k {mL A ˆ
0B SFG } k Gpb@ k CgC v!‰ k JI>IC MbpbL>ALm@Vp JISqLB,Gp!yNSFU9OCg>IGAH JALM @ k {mLMVMbLMmˆƒœžSqLŠG k p!y)LGIJISqHLG u)Lmy0Lm@9pV>IGAHMbO@9SqpbLm@9SFLG
y)Lm@9JALG JI>A@9UDW -LmHLCFG L šCFSF{Sqp#JAL GISqLm@9pmˆœžSqL NLmHLCFG M9SFGIJ jk R  š<“
" +NJISqL0X@D>AšIš?L2MVš3LmOpb@9ECW k R k HLG SFMVp xJALm@<} k Gpb@9EMbp{myNSFMVUDWALGƒSFWA@9LGƒ,SLCFGƒ>IGIJƒJILm@oEUDWŸ EP@9MVU9WEPt›p
H@ k SFMbp JISqLl,SLC#JALm@X@9>AšIš?L’O k RKšEPOpbLYnC Er UDWALG7ŸSgCFJALG^‘ & MbpbLCFCFp JISqLMbL X@9>IšIš?LRTSFGIJALMbpbLGM
LSgG H@9EPš WISFMVUDWALMo} EP@VpbLGALCqLRKLGpžJIEP@ƒ>IGIJ M k CFCqpbL Ÿ?LSqŸ?LWIECFpbLGly)Lm@9JALG^ˆ $$OPEGIG JISqLMVL X@9>IšIš?LHLC k r MVUDWp
y)Lm@9JALGˆ œžEMoWISqLm@#Ÿ?LG>Ipb{mpbL|‹MbpbLR(SFMbp-R k JI>CFEP@#E>At›HLmŸ E>Ap ~ oŸIŸˆ” ‚Dˆ
B0SFG ‰ k JI>IC‘)JIEM u$SFCgJ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGIHMVRKLmpVW k JALG >RKt…E pm‘$Lm@9R k r HCFSFU9WplJISqL >IEGpVSFpVEPpVS j L u)LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ>IGAH JALM
EPOpV>ALCFCFLG =?>IMbpVEGJALMmˆœžSqLNn @VpVMVU9WI@9SqpbpbLž>IGIJ B,@VHLmŸGISFM9MbL-JALM,,@ {mLMVMbLM0y)Lm@9JALG SFG LSFGALR1=?yNSFMVUDWALGIMbš?LSFUDWALm@
HLMVš3LSgU9WALm@Vp->GIJ ECFM >IMbHEGAk HM9MVSqpV>IEPpVS k G JALM-G Er UDWIMbpbLGY‹UDWA@9SqpbpbLk M-Ÿ3LG>Apb{mpmˆ
`
œžSqL NLmHLCqŸEMVSgMƒSFMbp jk R EGIEC MVSFLm@VpbLG6u$SFCFJ >IGIJ JALG C k y#v!CqL j LCxu$SFCgJ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGIHMVRKLmpVW k JALG >IGIEPŸW Er GIHSqHAˆ
œžEMžWIEPpžJALGYw k @VpbLSFC ‘?JIESFWA@VL NLmHLCFG ‡L GIEUDW JILm@o@VpoJILMu$SFCgJALM k JALm@žJALR =?y0LU9OYJALm@‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGIH
R k JIS{SqLm@Vpoy0Lm@9JILGYO^k r GIGALG‘?EPŸ?Lm@žy Er WA@9LGIJ JALMž@ k {mLMVMVLMƒO k GIMbpVEGpƒŸCqLSqŸ?LG^ˆ3œžSqLMbL -LmHLCFG y)Lm@9JALG jk R
>Apb{mLm@oL šCgSq{Sqp$JAL GISqLm@9pmˆ
œžSqL ‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAHJALm@ž k R k HLGSqp EPr pƒ>IGIJ JALMo} k Gpb@9EMVpbLMƒSFGlLSFGILR JISFHSqpVECqLG u$SFCgJlLm@Vt k CqHpžJI>A@9UDWYJISFL zGpbLm@bv
M9>IU9W>IGAHlJALm@ wEP@9SFEPpVS k G MVLSFGALm@ X@9E>y)Lm@VpbL >IGJ SgMbpSFR y)LMbLGpVCgSFU9WŸ3LmOPEGIGpT~€oEP@DECFSFUVO ‹WEPšSq@ k ” ‚Dˆ
œžEM ,@ k ŸCqLR Ÿ?LMbpbLWpJEP@9SFG^‘0yNSqL R EG&E>IMJISqLMbLG ‰YLMVMV>IGIHLG LSgGAL B0GpVM9U9WALSFJ>IGAH >Ar Ÿ?Lm@’JISFL G Er UDWIMbpbLG
‹AU9WA@9SFpbpbL JALMž‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAHMVšI@ k {mLMVMbLMopb@VL ?LG OPEGIG >IGIJlJSqLŸSFM9CFEGAHKLm@V@VLSgU9WpbL ž>ECFSqpsEPr pNJALMB@9HLmŸGISFMVMVLM
Ÿ?Lmy)Lm@VpbLGŠOQEGIGˆ2œžSqLMbLB,GpVMVUDWALSFJI>IGIHYM k CFC Er WIGICFSgU9WALGŠ@9SFGI{SqšSqLG >GIJ}ƒ@DSqpbLm@9SqLGLGpVMbš@VLU9WALG‘2R SFp JALGALG
LSgG RKLGIMVUDWICFSFUDWALG š?Lm@9EPp k @NJIEMNu)SgCFJŸ?Lmy0Lm@VpbLGly >Ar @9JALˆ
œžSqL ž>ECFSqpsEPr pžJALM=3yNSFMVUDWALGALm@VHLmŸ GISFMVMbLMo>IGIJ JIEM =?SqLC2JALm@ ‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>GAH O^k r GIGALG H>ApƒR SFpSFCqt…L jk G6>IGAv
M9U9WIEP@Vt…LGKLm@9RKLG Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LG|y0Lm@9JILG^‘JALGIG E>IU9WTJISqL)LSFGŸ?Lm{ k HLGALGTu0L>I@VpbLSFCF>IGIHMbO@DSqpbLm@9SqLG MVSFGIJ|RKLSFMbpx>IGAv
M9U9WIEP@Vt+ˆœžSqLNMbš?LmOpb@9ECqL# k R k HLGISqp EPr p0yNSq@9J GISFUDWp >IEGpVSqpVEPpVS j ‘M k GIJILm@9GKSFG LSFGALm@ >IECFSFpVEPpVS j LG n k @9R Ÿ3LM9U9WA@9SFL v
Ÿ?LG^‘{>IR u0LSgMbšSqLC " 5 " & %$" ( & " -& " " 3%" & 5 " " & " ˆ,œžSqLYWISqLm@Vt >Ar @ sE>IMb@9LSFU9WALGJA
L  k R k HLGISFp EPr p SFMbpEPŸ?Lm@ GSFU9WpƒL š CFSq{SqpƒJAL GSqLm@Vpmˆ oSgU9Wp ECFCqL nIEP@9Ÿ3LG LSFGALm@nC Er U9WILTR >Ir MVMVLG6HCqLSFUDW MbLSFG^‘^>IR
JSqLMbL -LmHS k G ECFM#W k R k HLG{>Ÿ?Lm{mLSFU9WIGILG^ˆAB,M)LGpVMVpbLWp-LSgG ‹šSqLCq@9E>R tD>Ar @$LSFGALžHLmyNSFMVMVLzGIMVSFUDWALm@9WALSFp)>IGJ
 k CqLm@9EGI{ˆ
œžSqLY‰ Lm@VOR ECqL‘)JISqL t >Ar @ JSqLlu)LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ>IGAHŠJALMTEPOpV>ALCFCqLG =?>IMbpVEGIJM JALm@ nEP@VŸIH@9>Ašš3LG7Ÿ3LG>Apb{mp y)Lm@9JALG‘
y)Lm@9JALG SFR t k CFHLGIJALGlJISgMbO>IpVSqLm@Vpmˆ
srs _
6 9IBlL]576
W#k[W%=]6F3H1:9 LN
P 9
JISFL$ k R k HLGISFp EPr p,LSFGALm@0‰ LGAHLoSFMbpx>IRKHLmOLWA@9pšI@ k š k V@ pVS k GEC{>I@)‹pb@VL>I>GAH
> GIJOQEGG E>IMNJALm@#wEP@DSFEGA{HLMVUDW EPr pb{mpy0Lm@9JILG^ˆ
6LGG JISqL GA{EWICJALm@o,SLC^SFGlJALm@ 3 vpbLG X@9>IšIš?LžSgMbp ~ %-P‚D‘JIEGIGO k r GIGALGlJILm@N‰YSFpbpbLCqy0Lm@9pN>IGIJ JISFL
wEP@DSFEGA{NJISFLMbLm@0nIEP@9ŸIH@9>AšIš?L-SFGTJALm@ /vpbLG nIEP@9ŸIO k RKš k GALGpbLE>IM0JALG’Xž@9E>y)Lm@VpbLG’SFWA@VLm@0,SLCAHLR Er XžC ˆ
Ÿ?Lm@VLUDWIGALmp#y)Lm@9JALG^ˆ
_
6 ~ %-P‚ ~ %-P‚ ~ D ‚
~ ~ D s‚ & 6 ~ %-‚b‚ ~ ‚
~ ‚
_
`
GA{EWICJILm@N,SLC^JALm@-OvpbLG Xž@9>AšIš?Lˆ
B0SFGAL‹U9W EPr pb{>IGAHKJALm@o‹pb@VL>>IGAH;@ 90SFG’JALm@-‰YLGAHLƒOPEGIGE >IM#JALm@$wEP@9SFEGA{JILm@$JI@VLS?nIEP@VŸIO k RKš k GALGpbLGlEPŸIHL v
CFLSqpbLmp#y0Lm@DJALG^‘A{>IR(u)LSFMVšSqLC^ECFM-JSqLR SqpbpVCqLm@9LwEP@DSFEGA{ ˆœžSqL k R k HLGISqp EPr pJALm@X@D>AšIš?LG - yNSq@9J JIEGG
ECgM-nI>IGAOpVS k G JALm@ž‹pb@VL>I>IGIH|HLM9U9W EPr pb{mpmˆ
- # ~ ?‚
~ ‚
-,
@ 9 - - ~ –‚
~ I”s‚
6 2~ - ‚
~ ˜‚
- ”
& @ 9– - ”
~ ‚
oŸIŸˆx” {mLSFHpJALG6zoGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJ JILm@Mbš?LmOpb@9ECFLG wxLm@VpbLSFCF>IGIH’{my)LSqLm@ nEP@VŸIH@9>Ašš3LGˆ3œLm@Lm@9MVpbLTnIEP@VŸIH@D>AšIš?L
Ÿ?LMVSFpb{mp)LSgGALoHLm@DSFGAHLm@VL ‹pb@VL>>IGAH >IGIJ’wEP@9SFEGA{ˆIœžSqLƒMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLž k R k HLGISqp EPr pNJALm@$Lm@9MVpbLGYX@9>Ašš3LSFMbp$H@ k r Lm@
ECgM-JISqLƒMbš?LmOpb@9ECqL k R k HLGISqp EPr pJALm@-{my)LSqpbLG^ˆ
s
rs
h(x)
Var(1)
<
Var(2)
x
Gruppe 1
NŸŸSFCFJI>GAH
Gruppe 2
” “3Mbš?LmOpb@9ECFLž k R k HLGISFpsEPr pmˆ
œLm@|@ Er >IR CgSFU9WAL=?>IMVER R LGIWIEGAHlJALm@|,SLCxLSFGILm@ X@9>IšIš?L SFMbpšI@ k v
š k @VpVS k GIEC<{>I@ƒ@VLCFEPpVS j LG6 Er > HOLSqpm‘RTSqpJILm@ƒŸ3LGEU9WŸEP@VpbLK,SLC2{>A@MbLCqŸ?LG6X@9>Ašš3L|HLW<k r @VLG7~ oŸIŸˆ˜P–‚Dˆ
œžSqLT‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAH JALm@ž@VLCgEPpVS j LG6 Er > HOLSqpžLm@Vt k CqHpƒR SqpžoSFCFt›L|LSFGALM nILGIMbpbLm@9Mm‘JEM >Ar Ÿ?Lm@JIEMHEGA{mL u$SFCgJ
HLM9U9W k Ÿ?LG yNSq@9Jˆn >Ar @bLJAL|R k r HCFSFUDWAL| k MVSFpVS k GYJILMonALGMbpbLm@9MƒSFR u)SgCFJly)Lm@9JALG JISqL oEUDWŸEP@DG JILMN{mLGpb@9ECqLG
0SLCFM#EGIECMVSqLm@Vpmˆ
6LGG 7xJIEM0{mLGpb@9ECqLƒ,SLCJILM0nALGMbpbLm@9M#>IGIJA/|LSFGALM)MbLSFGALm@ EU9WŸEP@9GSFMbpm‘JIEGIG yNSq@9J JISqL-@VLCgEPpVS j L Er > HPv
OLSFpm‘R Sqp-JALm@-JSqLMbLCqŸ?LƒnIEP@VŸIH@D>AšIš?LƒSFR Ÿ?LGIEU9WŸEP@VpbLGY,SLC^E>At…pb@9Sqpbp-JI>A@DU9W XžC ˆ THLmHLmŸ3LGˆ
L]
P ;k
5417XYU-68B
;-OL%k
k
s
683UHL]3-=
~7 3 / 3 ‚ 5 ~7 - 3 / 3 ‚
~ ‚
70Ÿ?LMVU9WA@9LSqŸIp#JIEM#{mLGpb@9ECqL 0SLC^JALM nALGIMbpbLm@DMN>IGIJ
/TLSFGALG MVLSFGALm@ EU9WŸEP@9G^ˆ
-|MbpbLWpNt >Ar @-JSqLƒHLMVER pbL nC Er U9WIL JALm@oX@D>AšIš?L 3 ˆ
~ 3 3 ‚y Er U9WIMVpR SqpJILm@=?EWICJALm@W k R k HLGALG nC Er UDWALG SgR u$SFCFJ^ˆ 6LGIG|JISqL0Xž@9>AšIš?LGSFR u)SgCFJž{mLm@9Mbpb@VL>IpMVSFGJ^‘
JEGIG yNSF@9J ~ 3 3 ‚ OCqLSgGALm@ˆ<œLMby)LmHLG OQEGG ~ 3 3 ‚ ECFM EP@9ER LmpbLm@K{>A@|u)LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ >IGAH JALM|@ Er >R CFSFUDWALG
=^>IMVER RKLGWIEGAHLM ;JALm@Xž@9>AšIš?L 3 Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpNy0Lm@9JILG^ˆ
~3 3 ‚ `
~3 ‚ ~ 3 3 ‚ 5 ~7 23- / 3 ‚
~ ‚
)()()( )()()( )()()( )()()( )( )( )( )( Klasse 1
%$ %$ %$ Klasse 2
%$%$ %$%$ %$%$ Klasse 3
&' &' &' !! !! !! "# "# "# Klasse 4
'&'&'&'& '&'& ! ! ! #"#" #"#" #"#" '&'& '& #" #" #"
NŸIŸ SFCFJI>IGIH|˜P–“ Er >IR CFSFUDWALm@o=?>IM9ER RKLGIWIEGIHAˆ
†‡G NŸŸˆ˜P–KSFMVp)JALm@)@ Er >IRTCFSFU9WILž=?>IM9ER RKLGIWIEGIH|JALm@$,SLC?JALm@-X@9>Ašš3L|”H@ k r Lm@-ECFM$JALm@$@ Er >IR CgSFU9WALƒ=?>IMVERKv
R LGIWIEGAH JALm@žX@9>AšIš?Lƒ˜‘JALGIG ,SLC^JALm@oX@9>IšIš?Lƒ˜KO k R RKLGlG>A@NSFM k CFSqLm@Vp jk @ˆ
œLm@2} k Gpb@9EMbp2LSFGALm@xX@9>Ašš3LxyoSq@9JE>IM2JALR Mbš?LmOpb@9ECFLG zGpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJ {myNSFM9U9WALG SFWA@VLR ‰ SqpbpbLC v
y)Lm@Vp,>GIJ JALR ‰ SqpbpbLCqy)Lm@Vp,EGIJALm@9Lm@0X@9>AšIš?LG SFGKJALm@ oEUDWŸEP@DMVU9WIEPt…p0SgGKECFCqLGKnIEP@VŸO k RKš k GALGpbLG Ÿ3Lm@9LU9WIGALmpmˆ
œLm@} k Gpb@DEMbp-{my)LSqLm@X@9>IšIš?LG ~ 3 1 ‚)yNSq@9JGIEUDW XžCˆ • Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WIGILmpmˆ
n
W%3#9IBlLO 9
#
' ~ 3 ‚ 66 ~~ %%--‚‚ & 66 ~~ ‚‚
-,
~ •‚
‰ qS pm“ 6 ~ %-Q‚ ‰YSFpbpbLCqy0Lm@9p-JALm@X@9>IšIš?LX;SFGlnIEP@VŸO k RKš k GALGpbL/Aˆ
œLm@)HC k ŸECqL} k Gpb@9EMbp$JALm@#Xž@9>AšIš?L 3 yoSq@9J ECFM)JISqLNHLmyNSFU9WpbLmpbLG ‹>IRTRKLNJALm@)} k Gpb@DEMbpbLƒJISqLMbLm@#X@9>AšIš?L->IGJ
SgWA@VLm@ EU9WŸEP@9GŸ?Lm@VLUDWIGALmpmˆœSFLXLmyNSgU9Wpbt…>IGIOpVS k Go~ 3 ‚yNSq@9JŠE>IM|JALm@| Er > HOLSFpm‘2R SFp JALm@ JISqL Ÿ3LSgJALG
Xž@9>AšIš?LGSFGŸ?LGIEU9WŸEP@VpbLGY,SLCFG jk @VO k R R LG^‘ EPŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpmˆ
' ~3 ‚ -,
' ~ 3 ‚ o~ 3 ‚
~ ‚
C_
RTSqpm“
' ~ 3 ‚ } k Gpb@9EMVpNJALm@X@D>AšIš?L 3
~ 3 ‚ @VLCFEPpVS j L  Er GAHL JILm@X@VLGA{mL {myNSFMVUDWALGYX@9>IšIš?L 3 >GIJ +‘
GA{EWIC<JALm@X@9>IšIš?LG 4
1 3ˆ
œžSqL Er GIJALm@NJILm@X@9>Ašš3LG’y)Lm@9JALGl>GpbLm@9M9>IU9Wpm‘>IR JIEMžXLmyNSFUDWp ‡ LJALm@o} k R Ÿ SFGIEPpVS k G{> Ÿ?Lm@VLUDWIGALG^ˆ
~ 3 ‚ r r ~ 3~ 3 ‚ ‚
~ ‚
`
‰ qS pm“
r %~ 3 ‚  Er GAHLJALm@Xž@VLGA{mL{myNSgMVU9WALG X@9>AšIš?LG 3 >IGJ r %~ 3 ‚  Er GAHLJALm@NHLMVER R pbLGY} k GpV>A@VLG JALm@X@9>IšIš?L 3 ˆ
œžSqLMVLm@TEP@9ERKLmpbLm@’OQEGIG R Sqp SFCqt…LJILm@ NŸŸˆ,˜P– j Lm@9JAL>IpVCFSFU9WpKy)Lm@9JALG^ˆ,œžSqLl0SLC#JALm@’X@9>IšIš?L ” WIEPŸ?LG
ECgM EU9WŸEP@9G G>I@o,SLCJALm@ƒXž@9>AšIš?LG >IGIJ Aˆ3œLMby0LmHLG yoSq@9JlJALm@6Lm@VpžJALM} k Gpb@DEMbpbLMt >Ar @ƒX@9>Ašš3L ”
G>A@žE>IMžJALR } k Gpb@9EMbpž{myNSFMVUDWALG ” >IGIJ ~' ~‡” ‚b‚>IGJŠ” >IGIJ 6~' ~‡”‚b‚žŸ3Lm@9LU9WIGALmpmˆ^œžEJISqLKX@VLGA{mLG
{myoSFMVU9WILG X@D>AšIš?L” >IGIJ A‘$SFR u)Lm{>AHŠ{>I@ X@D>AšIš?L”P‘#C!Er GAHLm@MVSFGIJ‘yNSq@9J JIEMlXLmyNSFUDWpJALm@lX@9>AšIš?L
JILRKLGpVMVšI@VLU9WILGIJ H@ k r Lm@ˆ
a
/
6CDE68BI9l;H3H=
œžSqLTHLGIE>AL u)LMbpVSgR R >GAHlJALm@ 6Lm@9pbL JALm@ k Ÿ3LGIHLGIEGIGpbLG EP@9ERKLmpbLm@KSFMbpR k r HCgSFU9W^‘EPŸ3Lm@ HLGIE>AL G>IRKLm@DS v
M9U9WAL 6Lm@VpbL j Lm@9CFSqLm@VLG SFG LSgGALm@ >IECgSqpVEPpVS j LG GIECMbLKEG u)LJAL>ApV>IGAHA‘^JIE JSqL|0W Er G k RKLGIL >IGIJ } k GA{mLmšIpbL‘
JSqL|M9SqL Ÿ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ3LG‘,>Ar ŸCgSFU9WALm@9y0LSFMVL GISFUDWpžHLGIE>JAL GISqLm@9poMVSFGJ^ˆ3B0SFGAL } k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k G JISFLMbLm@6Lm@VpbL R SqpbpbLCFM
LSgGALm@oR EPpVWILR EPpVSFMVUDWALGYn k @9RKLC2SFMbpoR k r HCFSFU9WYEPŸ?Lm@oMVUDWyNSFLm@9SqHT{> t k @DR >ICgSqLm@VLG^‘IJALGG u)LmH@9S?L yoSqL s k R k HL v
GSqp EPr p k JILm@ ž>IECFSFp EPr p ‘JISqL SFG JALm@ oGECMVL jk Gu)SgCFJALm@9GYŸ?LG>Apb{mpžy)Lm@9JALG^‘^MVSgGIJ >IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt+ˆ3œLMby)LmHLGSFMVp
LM$O k GMbL >ILGp#MVSqLžECFM$>IGIM9U9WIEP@Vt…LK~ ,s‚,œL GSqpVS k GALG’{>’Ÿ?LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ?LG^ˆœžEM#WIEPp#G k U9WJALG’w k @VpbLSFC‘JE|JISFL
} k R ŸSgGIEPpVS k GJALm@KoSFGy)LSFMbLR SqpbpbLCFM nI>A{m{v! k HSFOŠLSFGIL’u)Lmy)Lm@VpV>IGAH6JALm@ ž>IECgSqp EPr p|SgGCgSFGAH>ISFMVpVSFMVU9WILm@ n k @9R
Lm@DR k r HCFSFUDWpmˆ)œoLMVy0LmHLG WIEPpTJSqLln k @9R|>ICFSqLm@D>IGAH JISqLMVLm@Tu)Lmy0Lm@VpV>GAHŠSFG nI>A{m{v!<Lm@9R LG w k @VpbLSgCqL HLmHLG >Ir Ÿ3Lm@
LSgGALm@#L š CFSq{SqpbLG XžCqLSFUDW>GAHA‘IJISqLƒJISqLžEP@9ERKLmpbLm@R EPpVWALR EPpVSFM9U9W O k R ŸSFGISFLm@Vp#>IGIJJALm@VLG ‹UDWy)LCFCqy)Lm@VpbLGISgU9Wp
HLGE>lŸ?LmOQEGGp#MVSFGJ^ˆ
œžSqL nI>A{m{S{SqLm@9>IGIH JALm@)2EP@DERKLmpbLm@Vy)Lm@VpbLƒSFMbp,R SFp,oSgCqt›L jk G =?>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k GALGTR k r HCFSFUDW^ˆ‹SqLNy)EGv
JILCFGJISqL0G>IR Lm@9SFMVUDWALG 6Lm@VpbL)LSFGALm@ o>IM9MVEPHL)SgGƒLSFGAL,n>A{m{v!‰YLGAHL#>IR ˆ u0LSgMbšSqLCqL0JISqLMbLm@<n>IGAOpVS k GALGy)Lm@9JALG
1
1
"geringer Kontrast"
"hoher Kontrast"
"geringere Homogeniät"
"hohe Homogenität"
0.8
0.6
0.6
µ(Κ)
µ(Η)
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0
0.2
Spektrale Homogenität (H)
NŸIŸ
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Kontrast (K)
SFCFJI>IGIH|˜”P“3=?>IHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpVMVt…>IGIOpVS k GILG^“AMbš?LmOpb@9ECFLž k R k HLGISFp EPr po>IGIJ } k Gpb@9EMVpmˆ
1
"gering"
"hoch"
µ (U)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
oŸIŸSFCgJI>IGAH
Räumlicher Zusammenhang (U)
˜˜“3=?>AHLW k r @DSqHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k G^“@ Er >IR CgSFU9WALm@o=^>IMVER RKLGWIEGAHAˆ
SgG NŸŸˆ˜”HLm{mLSqHpmˆ>AtxJALm@ Iv U9WMbL y)Lm@9JALGYJISqL 6Lm@VpbL JALm@NEP@9ERKLmpbLm@ƒ>IGJ E>AtxJALm@ v oUDWIMbL|JISqL 6Lm@VpbL
IJ Lm@NnI>A{m{v!‰ LGIHL JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpmˆ
œžSqLYwEP@9SFEPpVS k G JALm@nI>A{m{v 6Lm@VpbL6ECFM n>IGAOpVS k G JALm@’EP@9ERKLmpbLm@ MbpbLCFCqp JALG B0SFG > JILm@ EP@9ERKLmpbLm@‘#SFWI@VL
u)LJAL>IpV>IGAHA‘E>It-JISqL ž>ECFSqp EPr p JALm@KX@9>Ašš3L JIEP@ˆ<œžSqL oGAš EMVMV>IGAHYJISqLMbLm@|nI>IGAOpVS k GALG j Lm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@Vp|JISqL’‹LmHPv
R LGpVSqLm@D>IGAHAˆœžE|JISqLN k R k HLGISFp EPr p$SgGTEPŸIHLmpVEMbpbLmpbLG u$SFCgJALm@9G W k U9W’MbLSFG’M k CFCFpbL‘MVSFGIJ JISqLNn>IGAOpVS k GALGTMVpbLSFC{>
y Er WICqLG ~ oŸIŸˆ<˜”mE‚DˆB pb@VLRKL 6Lm@9pbL ~€–ˆ—– k JALm@’”Pˆ—–‚žLGpVMbšI@VLUDWALG ‹SFU9WILm@9WALSqp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ JISFL  k R k HLGSqp EPr p JALm@
Xž@9>AšIš?LˆB0Gpy0LJALm@ƒSFMVpoJISqL X@9>AšIš?L MVLWA@W k R k HLG~ 6Lm@9pbL >IR ”Pˆ—–‚ k JALm@oHEP@ƒGISgU9WpoW k R k HLG ~ 6Lm@VpbLK>IR
–ˆ—–‚Dˆ^=3yNSFM9U9WALGy0Lm@9pbLM k CFCqLG JISFLzoGIM9SFU9WALm@DWALSqp$LSFGALm@ >IMVMVEPHL >Ar Ÿ?Lm@-JISqL k R k HLGISqp EPr pNR k JALCgCFSqLm@VLG^ˆ
R GAt€EGAHTJALm
@ oGECMVLR >Ir MVMbLG E>IU9W JISqL NLmHLCFGlL šCFSq{SFp-JAL GISqLm@9pm‘I>IGIJ SFGlJILm@ -LmHLCFŸEMVSFM#HLMVš3LSgU9WALm@Vp
y)Lm@9JALGˆI<SFGAH>SFMbpVSFMVUDWAL o>IM9MVEPHLGlMVSFGJ’SgG JISqLMbLR nIECgCMbš?Lm{S MVUDWJIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpmˆ ‹SqLMbpbLCFCFLG JISqLƒu)LJISFGAH>IGIHLG
JEP@‘0JISFLYJISqLY@VLMV>ICFpVSqLm@VLGIJALlB0GpVM9U9WALSFJ>IGAHO k GJISqpVS k GISFLm@VLG^ˆB,SgG u)LSFMbš SqLC-JISqLMVLm@ NLmHLCFG yoSq@9J SgR 2EPŸˆ
HLm{mLSFHpmˆ
2EPŸ?LCFCqL A“ -LmHLCFG tD>Ar @JISqL šIpVSFR SFLm@9>IGAHJALm@
} k Gpb@9EMVp z Mbš?LmOpb@DECqLƒ k R k HLGSqp EPr pmˆ
†+n } SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH œ SFMbp SqLJA@DSqH
†+n } SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH œ SFMbp SqLJA@DSqH
†+n } SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH œ SFMbp- k U9W
†+n } SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH œ SFMbp- k U9W
†+n } SFMVp- k U9W œ SFMbp SqLJA@DSqH
†+n } SFMVp- k U9W œ SFMbp SqLJA@DSqH
†+n } SFMVp- k U9W œ SFMbp- k U9W
†+n } SFMVp- k U9W œ SFMbp- k U9W
‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAHA“ @ Er >R CFSFUDWALm@
œ z SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH -B œ z SFMVp- k U9W
-B œ z SFMVp- k U9W
-B œ z SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH -B œ z SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH -B œ z SFMVp- k U9W
-B œ z SFMVp oSqLJI@9SqH -B œ z SFMVp- k U9W
-B =^>IMVER RKLGWIEGAH 0} Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒ k r MVUDWALG
Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒ k r MVUDWALG
Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒu)LWIECqpbLG
Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒ0k r MVUDWALG
Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒ k r LMVUDWALG
Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒu)LWIECqpbLG
Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒu)LWIECqpbLG
Xž@9>AšIš?Lƒu)LWIECqpbLG
œLm@ƒB,GpVMVUDWALSFJI>IGIHMbšI@ k {mL t Er GAHpR SqpJALm@u)LMbpVSgR R >GAH JALm@nI>A{m{v!‰ LGIHL ‘ I> GIJ JALm@ k R k HL v
GSqp EPr pm‘I} k Gpb@9EMbpN>IGJ XLMbpVECqpot >Ar @-ECgCqL X@9>AšIš?LG - EG^ˆ
B0SFGAL’>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…L’B0GpVMVUDWALSFJI>GAHMVRKLGAHL’yNSq@DJE>IMKJISFLMbLGŠ‰YLGAHLG t >Ar @ ‡LJAL X@D>AšIš?L PE ŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpm‘x>IGIJŠ{my)EP@
J>A@9U9W SgWA@VLƒ>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt›v!C k HSFMVUDWAL} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k G^‘AGIEU9WYJALR(@DSFGA{Sqš“
- ~ P- ‚ ~ %-‚ ~ %-‚+ D
~ ‚
œžSqL o>IM9MVEPHLG " " - 5 "%( $$ >GIJ " " - ( " %$ " & ( $" Ky0Lm@DJALG7JIER SFp
t k @9R|>ICFSqLm@9pmˆœLm@
6 Lm@Vp -xŸ?LMVUDWA@VLSqŸIp#JISFL‹ASFU9WALm@DWALSqp#JALm
@ >IMVMVEPHLˆ
†‡G bLJALm@2†pbLm@DEPpVS k G y)Lm@9JALG >IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…L0‰YLGAHLG t >Ar @2JISqLŸ?LSFJILG o>MVMVEPHLG|EPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmpmˆPœžSqL0MVUDWy Er U9WIMbpbLNX@D>AšIš?L
yoSq@9JTSgJALGpVS{SqLm@VpmˆœžSqL>IMVMVEPHL " " %- ( " %$" & (*$" 0yNSq@9J JIEGIG t >Ar @)JISqLMbLX@9>IšIš?L-Ÿ?Lmy0Lm@VpbLmpmˆ
nECFCFMJISqL-=?> j Lm@9C Er MVMVSqHOLSqpJISqLMVLm@ >IMVMVEPHL-GSFU9Wp2W k UDW HLG>AHƒSFMVpm‘ yNSF@9J JSqL#Xž@9>AšIš?L,HLC k r MVU9Wp>IGIJ|JISqL oGECMVL
RTSqp-JALm@-GAL>ALG ‰ LGAHL yNSqLJALm@9W k Cqpmˆ‹ k GIMbp#yNSF@9J JALm@-@ k {mL TŸ?LmLGIJALmp->IGJLSFG B,GIJILm@VHLmŸGISFM$EPŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpmˆ
s
a
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02Bl=]68c317OO6
oŸIŸˆA˜
{mLSqHp#LSFGALG >IMVMVUDWIGISqpbp$E>IM#JALR B@9HLmŸGISFMbŸ SFCFJ^ˆ=?>ILm@9Mbp)yN>A@9JALJIEM$u$SFCFJ’R Sqp$JALR WISFMbp k H@9ERTR ŸEQv
9M SqLm@VpbLG6wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGŠGIEU9WMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLGXLMVSgU9WpVMbš>IGAOpbLGMVLmHRKLGpVSFLm@Vp >IGJ JISqLK@VLM9>ICqpVSqLm@VLGJALG nIEP@VŸIH@9>IšIš?LG
RTSqpoSFCqt…L JALM šIpVSgR SqLm@9>IGIHM j Lm@Vt€EWA@VLGIM#{>MVER RKLGAHLmt€Epmˆ^‰YEG Lm@VOLGGpƒSFGYJISqLMbLR u$SFCFJ^‘3JIE’JSqL nIEP@9Ÿ3LG
@DSFU9WpVSqHlH@9>IšIšSqLm@Vpƒyo>A@9JALG6>IGJ JIEYJSqL t…LMbpbHLCqLmHpbLG oGIt k @9JILm@9>IGAHLG6Lm@9t >Ir CgCqpžy k @9JILGMVSFGJ^ˆœžSqLX@D>AšIš?LG
{mLSFHLG^‘E> Lm@SFWA@VLm@# k R k HLGISqp EPr pm‘3E>IU9W H>ApbLGl@ Er >R CFSFUDWALGl=?>IMVER R LGIWIEGAHK>IGIJH>IpbLGl} k Gpb@9EMbpmˆ
oŸIŸSFCgJI>IGAH
˜ “ B@VHLmŸ GISFM#JALm@NnEP@VŸIpb@VLGIG>IGAHAˆ
oŸIŸˆN˜ {mLSqHp JISqL B,Gp!yoSFUVOCF>IGAH7JILM  k R k HLGISqp EPr pVMVRTELM t >Ar @ ‡LJAL†pbLm@9EPpVS k G^ˆoœžEM  k R k HLGISFp EPr pVMVR E
JILm@žX@9>IšIš?LGlSFGIMbHLM9ER pžMVSFGAOpNGIEUDW bLJALm@†pbLm@DEPpVS k G^ˆ 6LGG j Lm@DMVU9WISFLJALGAL nEP@VŸIH@9>Ašš3LGl{>IMVER RKLGIHLmt…Ep
y)Lm@9JALG‘AyNSq@9JJALm@-wEP@DSFEPpVS k GIMbŸ?Lm@VLSgU9W JALm@NGIL>ALGYX@9>IšIš?LJIEJ>A@9U9WlLm@Vy0LSFpbLm@VpN>IGIJJISFLƒwEP@9SFEGA{ƒLm@9W k r Wpmˆ
œLm@)XžLMVER py0Lm@9p)JALm@0 k R k HLGSqp EPr pŸCqLSFŸIpxW k UDW^‘ jk @0ECgCqLR y0LSgCLMMVSFUDW >IR LSFGAL#HLm@DEMbpbLm@VpbLo} EP@VpbL-WIEGIJALCFpm‘
JILm@VLGTnIEP@9ŸIH@9>AšIš?LGKOCqLSFGIL#wEP@9SFEGA{mLG WIEPŸ?LG^ˆœžSqL-wxLm@ Er GJALm@9>IGAH GIEU9W ‡LJILm@,†+pbLm@9EPpVS k G’SFMbpHLm@9SgGAHA‘JALGIG G>I@
MVš3LmOpb@9EC Er WIGCFSFU9WILžnEP@VŸIH@9>Ašš3LGy)Lm@9JALGlHLR SFMVUDWpmˆ
6LGG LSFGALlnIEP@9ŸIH@9>AšIš?L JAL
G ƒ>IECFSqp EPr pVMVEGMbšI@9>IUDW&~XžC ˆ ‚ GSFU9WpKLm@Vt >Ir CFCqpm‘xJIEGIG yoSq@9J MVSqLlSFG JILm@TMbš?LmOpb@DEC
Er WGICFSFUDWIMbpbLG&X@9>AšIš?LYLSFGAHLMVUDWIC k MVMbLGˆ)w k @DE>IMVMbLmpb{>IGIH JEPt >Ar @ SFMVpm‘)JIE JISFL 0SLCŸ?LSFJALm@lX@9>IšIš?LG W Er > H
s
’spektrale Homogenität’
’Gestalt’
0.96
0.95
Homogenität/Gestalt
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.9
0.89
0.88
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Iteration
oŸIŸSFCgJI>IGAH
˜A“B j k CF>IpVS k GlJALm@NMVš3LmOpb@9ECqLG  k R k HLGISFp EPr po>IGIJl=?>MVER RKLGIWEGAHAˆ
Ÿ?LGIEUDWŸ EP@VpSgR u$SFCgJ jk @VO k R R LG^ˆœžSqLMžC Er pƒMVSFU9W R SFpNLSFGALR H@9EPš WISFMVUDWALGYu)LSFMVšSqLC{mLSqHLG^ˆ NŸŸˆ?˜ {mLSqHp
JI@VLS3X@D>AšIš?LG^ˆ 6LGIGJISFLX@9>Ašš3L˜HLC k r M9U9Wp#y0Lm@9JILG M k CgC>IGIJ JALm@$} k Gpb@DEMbp${myNSFMVUDWALG JSqLMbLm@$Xž@9>AšIš?LN>IGJ
JILGlEGIJALm@VLG ~‡” >IGIJ ‚)HCqLSgU9W y EPr @9L‘
' ~‡”9˜‚ ' ~ ˜ ‚
~ –‚
J EGIG y EPr @VL LMžMVSgGIG jk CgCqLm@‘JISFL ,SLC2JALm@X@9>AšIš?L ˜’JALm@X@9>IšIš?L {>A{>y)LSFMbLG‘3JALGGYJISFL X@VLGI{mL~XžCˆ ‚
{myoSFMVU9WILGlJISqLMbLGŸ?LSFJILG Xž@9>AšIš?LGSFMbp-C!Er GIHLm@ ~€nIEP@VŸ?LG”ƒ>GIJl˜ O k R RKLGk r t›pbLm@o{>IMVER R LG jk @ ‚Dˆ
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!! "!"! "!"!
('&%!('&% "! "!
(&'% (&'% *)*) *)*)
,+,+,+,+ Klasse 1
,+ ,+ Klasse 2
NŸŸSFCFJI>GAH|˜
Klasse 1
Klasse 3
Klasse 3
“u)LSFMVšSqLC^JALm@-wxLm@DMVU9WIR LCq{>IGAHKLSFGILm@NMVU9Wy$EU9WALGYnIEP@VŸIH@9>IšIš?LT~X@9>AšIš?L˜‚Dˆ
œžE|JISqL#wxLm@9M9U9WIRKLCF{>IGAH Ÿ?LGIEUDWŸ EP@VpbLm@#Xž@9>AšIš?LG^‘JISFLNMbš?LmOpb@DEC Er WIGICgSFU9W M9SFGIJ^‘{>A@)u$SFCFJI>IGIHƒH@ k r Lm@VLm@$n2C Er U9WALG
t >Ir WA@9pm‘ j Lm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@9p M9SFU9W E>IUDW JALm@ @ Er >IR CFSgU9WAL =?>IMVER R LGIWIEGAH JALm@TX@9>AšIš?LG^‘<yNSqLR EG SFG NŸIŸ<ˆ˜6MbLWALG
OPEGIG^ˆ
œLm@ } k Gpb@9EMbp’y Er U9WMbp’GEU9W ‡LJILm@ †+pbLm@9EPpVS k G ~ NŸŸˆ$˜•‚D‘#JALGG JI>A@DU9W JSqLY‰ SFMVUDW>IGIHŠMbš?LmOpb@9EC Er WIGCFSFU9WILm@
Xž@9>AšIš?LG’y0Lm@DJALGl}EGpbLG R SFp$M9U9Wy)EUDWALR } k Gpb@9EMVpNŸ?LMbLSqpVSqHpmˆ
œžSqLu)Lmy0Lm@9pV>IGAHMbt€>IGAOpVS k GJSqLMbLm@ JA@VLS,EP@9ER LmpbLm@ MbšSqLmHLCqp|JISqL ž>IECFSqp EPr p|JALM|u)SgCFJALM GEU9W ‡LJILm@ †+pbLm@9EPpVS k G
yoSFJALm@ˆQœSFL oŸIŸˆ˜ o{mLSqHpLSFGALG|wxLm@VHCFLSFU9WKJALm@ ž>ECFSqp EPr pm‘QŸ3LM9U9WA@9SFLmŸ3LG GIEU9WTXƒC ˆ ‘{myNSFMVUDWALG JALG >A@9MbšI@ >Ir GAHPv
CgSFU9WALG nIEP@VŸ?LG ~€SFGIMbHLMVER p • nIEP@VŸ?LG ‚>IGIJ JALG {>IM9ER RKLGAHLmt€E pbLG nIEP@VŸ?LG ~‡” nIEP@9Ÿ3LG3‚DˆœžSqLonEP@VŸ?LG^‘JISFL
>I@9MbšI@>r GAHCFSFUDW6LSFGAL GISqLJI@9SqHL ƒ>IECFSqpsEPr p {mLSqHpbLG^‘xyo>A@9JALGGISFUDWpKECFCqL’Ÿ?LMbLSqpVSqHpm‘xJALGGŠJI>I@9U9W SFWA@9L’} k R ŸSFGEQv
pVS k GŠyo>A@9JALGŠGAL>AL X@9>Ašš3LGLm@V{mL>AHpm‘JISFLTŸ?LMVMbLm@VLG7XLMVpVECqpK>IGIJ} k Gpb@DEMbp Ÿ3LM9Sqpb{mLG^ˆœEM OPEGIG EGIWIEGJ
JILm@ X@9>AšIš?LG JALm@ ˜ Lm@9JIL>ApVCFSFUDWpƒy)Lm@9JALG^ˆœžSqLM SFMbpžLSFGAL n k CFHLTJALm@ƒ@ Er >IRTCFSFU9WAv!Mbš?LmOpb@9ECFLG u)Lmy)Lm@VpV>IGAHA‘
y)LCFUDWAL JISqLMVLG @ k k {mL TMVpbLj >ALm@Vpmˆ
Q_
s
0.37
’Kontrast’
0.365
Konrast
0.36
0.355
0.35
0.345
0.34
0.335
0.33
0
5
10
oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH|˜•“
15
20
25
30
35
Iteration
B jk FC >ApVS k GlJALM-} k Gpb@9EMbpbLMˆ
0.9
ursprüngliche Farbgruppen
Zusammenfassung
0.8
0.7
E kt
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
oŸIŸSgCFJI>IGAH
5
10
15
20
25
30
Farbgruppen
35
40
45
50
˜ “3=?>IM9ER RKLGAt€EMVMV>IGIH JILm@-nIEP@VŸIH@9>IšIš?LG^ˆ
Q_
Xž@9>IGIJALCFLRKLGpbLKJALm@ƒOPEP@Vp k H@9EPš WISFMVUDWALGŠXLMbpVECFpV>IGAHMVR SFpbpbLCxMVSFGIJ ,>GAOpm‘^SFGISqL >IGIJ6nC Er UDWAL‘M k yoSqLK{>IMVER v
R LGAHLMbLmpb{mpbL =?LSFU9WALG‘3‹SqHGIEPpV>I@VLG^‘AœžSFEPH@9ER RKL‘ oECqŸpsk r GAL>IGIJ ‹UDWA@9Sqt…pb{A>Ar HLT~€EPOL Xž@>Ir GA@VLSgU9W ” srs ‚Dˆ
œžSqL SgG LSFGALR ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJ MVSFU9WpbŸEP@VLG&EGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHMVOCFEM9MbLG y0Lm@DJALG&RKLSFMbplECgM <SFGISFLG >GIJ n2CEr U9WALG
SgG LSFGALm@ }EP@9pbLŠJIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpmˆ=?>&JILG CFSFGSqLGIWIEPt…pbLG OPEP@Vp k H@9EPš WISFMVUDWALG B0CqLRKLGpbLG SFG LSFGILm@l†+u-XžB }EP@VpbL
~‡”P“ –ˆ—–––‚žHLW<k r @VLG Ÿ bLmOpbL|yNSqL|nC‡>Ir MVMbL >IGIJ ‹pb@9E LG^ˆ?}CqLSFGAL n2Cb>Ir MVMbL y0Lm@9JILGYECFMJI>A@DU9WAHLWALGJAL QR EMVMVS j L
k JALm@$Mbpb@9SFUDWICFSqLm@9pbL-ŸCFE>ALo<SFGISFLNJIEP@VHLMbpbLCgCqpmˆB0SFGAL‹pb@DE LžSgMbp,ECFM0LSFGALoLSFGA{SqHL<SFGISFL k JALm@$JI>A@DU9W {my0LS šEP@9ECFCFLCqL
SFGISqLG SFG JALm@ž}EP@VpbL JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpmˆ oGIJILm@VL }CgEMVMbLGYyNSqL ‹ASqLJICF>IGIHMbHLmŸSqLmpbL‘AŸI@9LSqpbLm@VL EM9MbLm@ Er UDWALG7~…H@ k r Lm@
ECgM R R SFR bLmy0LSFCgSqHLG6‰YE MVpVEPŸ‘†‡u-XžB ” srs ‚D‘‹A>IRKšIt…HLmŸSqLmpbL‘ Er CFJALm@ k JALm@ žŸMbpbšCFEGpVEPHLG^‘y)Lm@9JALG
ECgMNnC Er U9WILGYJIEP@9HLMbpbLCFCqpmˆœžEPŸ?LSOLGGpR EGl{my)LS o@VpbLGYJALm@oœžEP@9MbpbLCgCF>IGAHA“IHLM9U9WIC k M9MbLGAL nC Er UDWALG^‘ yNSqL{>IR
u)LSFMVšSqLC ;Er CFJALm@‘I>IGJ 2Er U9WALGWIEPt›pbL ‹SqHGIEPpV>A@9LG^‘yNSqLž{>IR(u)LSFMbš SqLC<‹SqLJICg>IGAHMbHLmŸSFLmpbLˆ
a
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14317683
zGpbLm@|JALR u)LmH@9S sCFSgGISqLGIWIEPt…pbLKB,CqLR LGpbL
j Lm@9MbpbLWp|R EG ECFCqL GISFU9Wp >IGpbLm@VŸI@ k UDWALGALG‹pb@9SFU9WIL‘<JISqLKLSFGIL
& 5 "2EGIHLmŸ3LG ~€EPOL X@>Ir GA@9LSFU9W ” ‚Dˆ†‡WA@VL,H@DEPšWISFMVUDWAL)wEP@9SFEPpVS k G SFMbp2WISFGIM9SFU9WpVCFSFUDW JALm@nIEP@VŸ?L k JILm@2JALm@
‹pb@9SFU9WŸI@VLSFpbL-R k r HCFSFUDW^ˆ<SFGSqLG y0Lm@DJALGKŸ?LG>Ipb{mpm‘>IR EPHLEGAHEPŸ?LG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@JISqLoŸIH@VLGI{>IGAH jk G Er U9WALGIWEPt›pbLG
žŸ ‡LmOpbLG ~€zoRKt€EGAH‚NEGA{>AHLmŸ?LG k JALm@oŸ?LS<MbLWA@žMVUDWIR ECqLG ŸbLmOpbLG {>A@žœEP@DMbpbLCFCF>IGIHTJALM ŸbLmOpVMMbLCqŸMVpmˆ
†‡G JISqLMbLR nIECFC2yNSq@9J JIEM žŸ‡LmOpžJI>A@9UDWlLSFGAL|‰YSFpbpbLCFCFSFGISFLJIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpmˆ3B0SFG ‹š?Lm{SFECFt…ECFC^SgMbpoJISFL wxLm@Vy)LGIJI>IGIH
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JILR JISqL-nC Er UDWALG {>KLSgGALm@,}ƒLmpbpbL jk G LSFGA{mLCgGALGK,SLCFG @VLJ>A{SqLm@Vpxy)Lm@9JALG^ˆœžSqLMVLN,>IGIOpbL#y)Lm@9JALGK{> <SFGSqLG
j Lm@9OLmpbpbLmpK~€SFGISqLG j Lm@Vt k CqH>IGAH‚Dˆ œoLm@ECqpbLm@9GIEPpVS j L GIMVEPpb{ Ÿ?Lm@VLUDWIGALmpJISqL ‰ SqpbpbLCFEUDWIMbL E>MNJALm@} k GpV>I@VLG JALm@
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300
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y >Ar @9JALGECFCqLƒwxLm@9ŸSFGIJI>GAHMVCFSFGSqLG ER oEGIJALJALMNœƒXƒ‰ LGJALG^‘AŸI{myˆIJILm@ NŸ > KLGIJALmp-E> Lm@9WIECqŸ JILm@N‰YEQv
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Ÿ SFCFJALG’OLSFG HLM9U9WIC k M9MbLGALMNB0SFGA{>AHMVHLmŸSqLmp~…{ˆ—uˆ JISqL ‹SFLJICF>IGAHMVŸC k r UVOL ‚Dˆ
oŸIŸˆ QE {mLSqHp,JISFL#HLMVU9WIC k MVMbLGALG B,SFGA{>IHMbHLmŸSqLmpbLˆœžSqL-LGIHLG Er >RKL-SFGIGALm@DWIECqŸKJALm@)‹UDWA@9Sqt…px>IGIJ {myNSgMVU9WALG
EGJALm@VLG <SFGISFLGlyN>A@DJALG R SFpoJALG6‹pb@9E LG {>IMVERTRKLGAHLmt€E pmˆzoR JISqLMVL B,CFLRKLGpbL {>YŸ?LMbLSqpVSqHLG >IGIJ G>I@
JSqLK‹pb@9E LG6{>6Ÿ?LWIECqpbLG‘ yN>I@9JALG JISqL|Lm@Vt€E pbLGnC!Er U9WILG GIEU9W6JILm@ X@ k r LTM k @9pVSqLm@VpmˆœžEMB@9HLmŸGISFMžG<Er WALm@9p
JEMN‹pb@9E LGIGALmpb{MVLWA@$H>Ap-EG^ˆAœžSqL NŸŸˆ ŸYMbpbLCFCqp$JISqLžLm@VOPEGIGpbL ‹pb@9E LG ECFM#MVUDWy$EP@V{mL SFGISqLG JIEP@ˆAœžSqLMbLM
oLmpb{ {mLSFHp ‡LJ k UDWl >Ir U9OLG^‘JISFLƒLSFGAL jk CFCFMVp Er GIJISqHLƒœžEP@9MbpbLCFCg>IGAH j Lm@9WISFGJALm@9G^ˆ
_
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NŸŸSFCFJI>GAH
!
! “B,@VOLGIG>IGAH JALm@o=?yNSFMVUDWALGA@ Er >IR LŸ?LS?šEP@DECFCqLCqLG<SgGISqLG^ˆ
_
œžSqLMVL) >Ir UVOLG|O k r GIGALG|HLMVU9WC k MVMbLG|y)Lm@9JALG^‘Qy0LGG R EG|LSFGILGIECMbL0JALm@ EU9WŸEP@9MVUDWIEPt…pJ>A@9U9WIt >Ir WI@Vpmˆ 6LGIG
LSgG|B0GIJAL)LSFGALm@<SFGSqL,t…@VLSSFMbpm‘QyNSq@9J|JALm@ NE>R >R JILG|0>IGAOp2GEU9WKEGIJALm@9LG t…@VLSqLG|B,GJALG >IGpbLm@DMV>IU9WpmˆnIECFCFM
LSgGTLGpVMbšI@VLUDWALGIJALm@#0>IGAOp)SFGGALm@9WIECqŸTLSFGALM)Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pbLG oEJISF>IM0HLmt€>IGIJALG yNSq@9J‘y0Lm@DJALG’Ÿ3LSgJALoR SFp,LSFGALR
GIL>ALG <SFGSqLGIMbLmHRKLGp j Lm@VŸ>IGJALG&~€u Er M9MVR EGIG u)LMVM9CFSFU9W ” ‚Dˆ0œžSqL HLGIE>AL wxLm@VŸSFGIJ>IGAH JALm@ <SFGSqLG
SgMbp EPŸ?Lm@ t >Ar @ JISFL =?SqLCqLTJSqLMbLm@ o@VŸ?LSqpGISFUDWp yNSFU9WpVSqHA‘2JALGIG JISFL †+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALG6y)Lm@9JALGŠECFM nI>I{m{v!‰YLGAHLG
Ÿ?LEP@VŸ?LSqpbLmpmˆA†‡G oŸMmˆ•ˆF”PˆF” yNSq@9JE>AtJISqLMbLMN-WALR E HLGIE>ILm@-LSFGAHLmHEGAHLGˆ
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B0SFG R EASFR ECqLm@ oEJISF>IMOLGIGA{mLSgU9WIGALmp JISqL Er >IR L|{myoSFMVU9WILG ‰Y>MbpbLm@9G7~ oŸIŸˆ ‚Dˆ2=3yoSFMVU9WILGA@ Er >IRKL SFGIGILm@bv
WECqŸ’JSqLMbLM NEJISg>IM,O k r GIGALGR SFp)JALR EMVMVLm@9MVU9WILSFJAL vwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGlSgJALGpVS{SqLm@Vp0y0Lm@9JILG^‘y)LGIGR EG E>IM$JALR
Ÿ SFG EPr @VLG u$SFCFJ LSgG O >r GIMbpVCFSFUDWALMKœXž‰ Lm@V{mL>AHp’>IGIJ7JSqL wxLm@VpVSqLmt€>IGAHLG7SgG7JISqLMbLm@ Ÿ?Lm@ Er U9WIL Lm@VOLGIGpmˆ0B,SgG
O >Ir GIMVpVCFSFU9WILMNœXž‰ LSFGILm@oHLR|>IMbpbLm@VpbLG NLmHS k G yoSq@9J SgG oŸIŸˆ QŸ JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpmˆ?œSFL B@9OLGIG>GAH JALm@wxLm@VpVSqL v
t€>IGAHLG SgG JISqLMbLR(œXž‰ LGpVMbšI@9SgU9WpNJALm@NB,@VOLGIG>IGAHKSFGIGALm@9Lm@-LmHS k GALG SFR ŸSFG<EPr @9LG u)SgCFJ^ˆ
oŸIŸˆ {mLSqHp)LSFG u0LSgMbšSqLCIJILm@ Gy)LGIJI>GAH JISqLMVLMwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGIM,{>A@$B@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G nC Er UDWALGR Sqp,‰ >IMbpbLm@9Gˆ
œLm@ NŸMVpVEGIJ {myNSFMVUDWALG JALG‹ R Ÿ k CqLG6JISqLMbLm@ NLmHS k GALG SgMbpSFGIMbHLM9ER p Er WIGCFSFU9Wˆ?œžSqL JI>IGAOCqLm@VLGYwSFLCqLUVOL
{mLSFHLG JISqL6} k GpV>A@VLG^‘#JISFL E>MlJISqLMbLG nC Er UDWALG&HLmŸSFCgJALmpy0Lm@9JILG^ˆ-œžEM wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG SFMVpSgG JILm@l<EPHL‘NJISFL
=?yNSFMVUDWALGA@ Er >IR LžSgGIGALm@9WIECFŸ’JALm@NHLR >IMVpbLm@VpbLG NLmHS k GALG @9SgU9WpVSqHK{>lLm@Vt€EMVMbLGˆ
œžSqL<LSFMbpV>IGIHMbt Er WSqHOLSqp#JALM#wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGM-EGlJALG Er GIJALm@9G JILm@ -LmHS k GILGlSFMbp-GISgU9Wp jk GlJALm@-w k CFCgMbp Er GIJISqHOLSFp
JILm@’‹R Ÿ k CqL EPŸW Er GIHSqHA‘xJALGIG7MVSFL’Lm@9t k CqHp G>A@ E>ItƒX@D>IGIJ JALm@ GIECMbLlJALm@ =3yoSFMVU9WILGA@ Er >IRKLˆx@ k pb{JALR
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oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH
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“ B@9HLmŸGISFM$JALm@‹LmHRKLGpVSFLm@9>IGAH jk YG ‰Y>IMVpbLm@NGIEU9WYJALR
EMVMVLm@9MVU9WILSFJAL vwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG^ˆ
O k r GIGALGK,@ k ŸCqLR L$EGKJSqLMbLGT‹pbLCFCFLG|E>It›pb@VLmpbLGˆ 6LGIG JISqL#‰ >IMbpbLm@xO k CFSgGALEP@EGAHL k @9JIGILmp,MVSFGIJ‘QJIEGG y)Lm@9JALG
M9SqLƒGISFU9Wp#Lm@Vt€Epm‘JALGIG M9SqLJAL GISFLm@VLG’OLSFGALG{my)LSFJISFRKLGMVS k GIECqLG =3yNSgMVU9WALGI@9E>IR ˆœžEM-HLMVUDWISqLWp jk @oECFCFLR
SgG u0Lm@9LSFU9WALG y k JSqLnC!Er U9WALG ‹šSqpb{mLGŸ SFCFJALG^ˆB,SgGLGpVMbš@VLU9WALGJALM-u)LSFMbšSFLC^SFMbp-SFG oŸIŸˆ JEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆ
rs
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176KJM6857L];3-L
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Bl17L]3H=%;57LN9<17W%3
0B SFGAL R k r HCgSFU9WAL  k r MV>IGIH {>A@ ‹LmHR LGpVSqLm@D>IGAHlJALm@|}EP@VpbLTE>At…H@9>IGJ JALM oŸMbpVEGIJM{myNSFM9U9WALG6HCFLSFU9WAt€EP@VŸSFHLG
0SLCFGSFMbpJISqLGy0LGIJ>IGAH jk G {my0LSgJISFRKLGIM9S k GIECqLG oLmpb{mLG|yNSqL0JILR œLCFE>IGIEv oLmpb{‘JIEME>IMJILG 0>IGAOpbLG
LSgGALMƒ‰Y>MbpbLm@9MƒHLmŸSgCFJALmpyNSq@9J^ˆ?B,SgGALKu0LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ>IGAH JALm@ƒ@VLCgEPpVS j LG  k MVSqpVS k G6>GIJ JALM NŸ MbpVEGIJIMž{my)LSqLm@ GIEW
Ÿ?LSqLSgGIEGIJALm@#CFSqLmHLGJALG ,SLC?OPEGIG E>IM-JISFLMbLR oLmpb{ EPŸIHLCqLSFpbLmp-y0Lm@DJALG^ˆ
=?y0LSFJSFRKLGIMVS k GIECqL NLmpb{mL‘PyNSqLJSqLw k @ k G k Sqv3>IGIJ œoLCgE>IGIEv oLmpb{mL‘PWEPŸ3LGH@ k L)u)LJAL>IpV>IGAH-t >Ar @<JISFL oGECMVL
JILm@@ Er >IR CgSFU9WALG u)Lm{SqLW>IGAH{myoSFMVU9WILGKŸ?LGIEU9WŸEP@VpbLGKH@DEPšWISFMVUDWALGKB,CFLRKLGpbLGˆB,SFGIL$œLCFE>GIEv!<@DSFEGAH>ICFEPpVSqv
k GŠŸ?LMbpbLWp|E>IM œ@VLSqLU9OLG^‘xJISqL Ÿ3LGEU9WŸEP@VpbL,>IGAOpbL SgR u$SFCFJ j Lm@VŸSFGJALG^‘y k Ÿ?LS,JISqLMVL ,>GAOpbLE>At-JALR
oEGIJ LSgGALM,CqLmLm@9LG }ƒ@9LSFMbLMCFSFLmHLGY~ OPEPŸ?L "%$ & ( ) ” ˜ ‚Dˆ†‡GTLSFGILR OCFEMVMVS {SqLm@VpbLG k JALm@)MVLmHRKLGpVSFLm@VpbLG u$SFCgJ
yoSq@9JJISqLƒ@ Er >R CFSFUDWALƒu0Lm{SFLW>IGIHK{myNSFMVUDWALGl,SLCFG‘JSqLž{>A@NMbLCqŸ?LG }CgEMVMbLƒHLW k r @VLG‘>IGpbLm@9MV>IUDWpmˆ
>IMžLSFGILm@‰ LGAHL. jk G ,>IGAOpbLG6SFR u)Lm@VLSFUDW JALMž{my)LSFJISFRKLGMVS k GIECqLG NE>RKLMƒLSFGALMƒu$SFCgJALMK~ ‚
y)Lm@9JALG ‡Lmy)LSFCFM#{my)LS<0>IGAOpbLT~ D >IGIJ ‚$JI>A@9UDWY‹LmHRKL GpbL JILm@NœLCFE>IGIEv!@9SFEGAH>CFEPpVS k G j Lm@VŸ >IGIJALG ~…LSFGIL
} EGpbLžyNSq@DJ HLmŸSFCgJALmpD‚xy)LGIG’LSFG’JA@9SqpbpbLm@#0>IGAOp~ - ‚,L SgMbpVSqLm@Vpm‘JALm@$GISFU9Wp$O k CFSFGALEP@){>JISqLMbLG0>IGAOpbLG
CgSqLmHpm‘>IGIJžOLSFG EGIJALm@VLm@0>IGAOpSFGIGALm@9WECqŸJILM}ƒ@VLSFMVLMm‘mJALm@<JISqLMVLJA@VLS,>GAOpbL j Lm@9ŸSFGIJALmpm‘ L ASFMbpVSqLm@9p,~ NŸIŸ<ˆ–‚Dˆ
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HLGILm@NLmHS k GALG SFG ‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJALm@9G^ˆAœLm@ NŸ MbpVEGIJY{myNSFMVUDWALGYJILGY0SLCgGlyN>A@DJAL R SqpžSFCqt…L JALMžzoR t…EGAHM
JILm@o@9SFEGAH>ICgEPpVS k GIMVJA@9LSqLUVOL E>MbHLJA@>Ir U9Opmˆ?œžSqL|X@D>IGIJISFJILmLJISqLMbLM oGIM9EPpb{mLMSgMbpm‘H@ k r Lm@9L|œ@VLSqLU9OL‘^JISqL E>IM
jk GILSFGIEGIJALm@oLGpbt…Lm@9GpbLG ,SLCFGlŸ?LMbpbLWILG^‘{>YŸ?LMbLSqpVSqHLG >IGIJlJSqL >Ar Ÿ@9SqHLG œ@VLSFLUVOL {> H@ k r Lm@VLG n2C Er U9WALG
{>lH@9>AšIšSFLm@VLG^ˆ
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MVpbL>ALm@Vpm‘?SFMbpLGpVMVUDWALSFJALGJ^ˆ3B0SFGlOCqLSFGILm@ 6Lm@VpƒMVUDWICFSqL pžG>I@GIEW Ÿ?LSqLSFGEGIJALm@NCFSFLmHLGIJAL 0SLCLSFG^ˆ^L|H@ k r Lm@
JSqLMbLm@ 6Lm@Vp2SFMbpm‘s>R M k H@ k r Lm@VL0œ@VLSqLU9OL0y)Lm@9JALG SFGJISFLn2C Er U9WALG LSFGAHLmt >Ar HpmˆsœžEJI>A@DU9WOPEGIG LMšEMVM9SqLm@VLG^‘JIE E>U9W 0SLC ‘JISqLƒ@9LCFEPpVS j y0LSFp jk GALSFGIEGJALm@-LGpbt›Lm@9GpžCFSqLmHLG^‘IECFMNLSFGAL nC!Er UDWAL {>MVER RKLGAHLmt€E py0Lm@9JILG^ˆB,SgG
oLmŸ?LGAšI@ k JI>AOp-JISqLMVLM GIMVEPpb{mLMƒSFMVpoJISqL|u$SFCFJI>IGIHKOCqLSgGALm@VLm@onC Er UDWALG^‘?JISqL|E>IMoSgM k CFSqLm@VpbLG OCFLSFGALG œ@VLSFLUVOLG
LGpVMbpbLWALGˆ3‹SqLžy)Lm@9JALGlR SFp-oSFCFt›LžLSFGALM‹U9Wy0LCgCqy0Lm@9pbLM#t >Ir @-JISqLƒR SFGISgR EC3Lm@9CFE>AŸIpbLnC Er UDWALŸ?LMbLSqpVSFHpƒ~…w k r HpVCqL
‹U9WISgCFCFSFGAH ” ‚Dˆ
srs
srs
nC Er UDWALG|R Sqp<‰ >IMbpbLm@9G Ÿ?LMbpbLWALG E>IM<{my)LS} k RKš k GALGpbLG^“ JALG w k @9JALm@VH@D>IGIJAšSLCFG‘ JSqL)‹R Ÿ k CqL0JIEP@9MbpbLCFCFLG^‘
>GIJ JALG CqLmLm@VLG Er >IRKLGŠ~€oSFGpbLm@VH@9>GIJ ‚0{myNSFM9U9WALG JISFLMbLGY‹R Ÿ k CqLG6~ oŸIŸˆ ‚Dˆ
œžSqL <@9SgEGAH>ICFEPpVS k G j Lm@9ŸSFGIJALmp-JSqL‰YSFpbpbLCqš>IGAOpbLJALm@ow k @9JALm@VH@9>GIJAšSLC ˆœLm@ozRKt…EGIHTJALm@oœ@VLSFLUVOL CFSqLmt…Lm@Vp
SFGy0LSgMbLT>Ir Ÿ3Lm@)JALG NŸ MbpVEGIJ^‘SFG’JALR JSqLƒ‹ R Ÿ k CqL jk GALSgGIEGIJALm@$CFSqLmHLG’>IGIJ OQEGG {>I@)B pb@9EPOpVS k GJALm@ -L v
HS k GALG|Ÿ3LG>Apb{mpy)Lm@9JALG^ˆœ@VLSqLU9OL‘JISqL$,SLCJALMVMbLCFŸ3LG H@9EPšWSFMVU9WILG|B0CqLRKLGpVM-~…LSFGT‹R Ÿ k C ‘ {>IR;u)LSFMbšSFLC›‚
j Lm@9ŸSFGIJALG‘WIEPŸ?LG k t…p0LSgGALG RTSFGISFR ECFLGKzoRKt€EGAHAˆ oGJALm@VLm@9MbLSFpVMy)Lm@9JALG’œo@9LSqLUVOL‘IJISFLN,SLC jk G {my)LS k JALm@
JI@VLS j Lm@9MVUDWISqLJALGILG ‹R Ÿ k CqLG j Lm@9ŸSFGIJALG‘IJI>A@9UDW LSFGALG H@ k r Lm@VLGYzRKt€EGAHTHLmOLGGA{mLSFU9WGALmpmˆ3œžSqLMVLm@ozGpbLm@bv
M9U9WISqLJ yNSq@9J SFG oŸIŸˆ I” j Lm@9EGIMVUDWIE>ICFSFUDWpmˆœEM0CFSFGAOL-u$SFCgJ {mLSqHp,JIEM,ŸSFG EPr @VL#u$SFCFJ LSgGALm@ -LmHS k G R Sqp‰ >IMbpbLm@9Gˆ
œžSqL’<@DSFEGAH>ICFEPpVS k GSFGIGILm@9WIECqŸ JALm@ R EP@VOSqLm@VpbLG -LmHS k GŠSFG NŸŸˆ I”mE yNSq@DJ SFG oŸIŸˆ I” Ÿ JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpmˆx‹LWI@
OCqLSFGIL)œ@VLSqLU9OL j Lm@VŸSgGIJALG|,SLCJALMVMbLCqŸ?LG|H@9EPšWSFMVU9WILG|B0CqLRKLGpVMm‘R SqpbpbLCqH@ k L-œo@9LSqLUVOL j Lm@9ŸSFGIJALG|GIEWAL v
CgSqLmHLGIJAL-B0CqLRKLGpbLN>IGIJKJISFL)H@ k LG œ@VLSqLU9OL|~…H@9E>3‚2LGpVMVpbLWALG J>A@9U9WKJSqL#wxLm@VŸSFGJI>IGAH jk G y)LSqpLGpbt›Lm@DGpbLG
0SLCFG^ˆ
œžSqLœ@VLSqLU9OL O k r GIGILGGEU9W SFWA@VLR zRKt…EGIH M k @9pVSqLm@Vp|y0Lm@9JILG^ˆ†‡G NŸŸˆ I” Ÿ yN>I@9JALGJISqL œ@VLSFLUVOL‘JALm@VLG
zRKt€EGAHTH@ k r Lm@ECFMNLSgG ‹UDWy)LCFCqy)Lm@Vp|~‡”m–B0SFGIWALSqpbLG3‚$SFMbpm‘ H@9E>YJEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆ?œžSqL >Ir ŸI@9SqHLGY,SLCHLW k r @9LGY{>
H@DEPšWISFMVUDWALG B,CqLRKLGpbLG6JALm@žHLR|>IMbpbLm@VpbLG NLmHS k G^ˆ<‹ k y0Lm@9JILG JSqL|0SLCJISFLMbLm@oHLR|>IMbpbLm@9pbLG -LmHS k G jk G
JILGl,SLCFGE> Lm@9WECqŸ JALm@ NLmHS k GlHLmpb@VLGGp ~…w k r HpVCqL ‹U9WSFCFCFSFGIH ” ‚Dˆ
a
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P ;k[6Kk
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œžSqLoB@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G nC Er U9WALG’R Sqp>GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILm@œSgU9WpbLNLm@Vt k CqHp,JI>I@9U9W JSqL#wEP@9SFEPpVS k G JALM0‹UDWy)LCFCqy)Lm@VpbLM
t >Ar @ JALG zoRKt€EGAHAˆ)=^>ALm@9MbpKy)Lm@9JALG7JSqL -LmHS k GILG R Sqp W k r WALm@VLm@TœžSFUDWpbLYLm@VOQEGGpmˆ)‹ASqLy0Lm@9JILG Mbš EPr pbLm@ GIEU9W
JILm@lXž@ k r LM k @VpVSFLm@Vpm‘#>IGIJ JISqL H@ k r pbLG&y)Lm@9JALG HLMbš?LSFUDWALm@Vpmˆ#œžEGIEU9W&yoSq@9J JALm@Y‹U9Wy)LCFCqy)Lm@Vp j Lm@VH@ k r Lm@Vpm‘
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R LGAt Er CgCqpm‘Ÿ3LMVpbLWp-LSgGHLmyNSFMVMbLm@žX@9EJlEGYzoGIM9SFU9WALm@DWALSqpmˆ
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‰YLmpVW k JALGlJALm@o>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LG  k HSqO R k JALCFCFSFLm@Vpmˆ
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JILM ‰ EWIECFEG k ŸSgM‡v NŸ MbpVEGIJIM {myNSFMVUDWALGJALR ,SLC,>GIJ JALGŠ}CFEMVMbLG jk @‘ECgM SFGy)LSFM tD>Ar @|JALGXž@9EJR SFp
JILR JIEM,SLC<{> bLJALm@o} CFEMVMbL HLW k r @Vpmˆ?zoGpbLm@ƒJALm@ GIGIEWIR L‘ JIE JISqL ‰YLm@VOR ECFM j LmOp k @VLG jk G ,SLCFG SgG
W k R k HLGALG u)Lm@VLSFUDWALG G Er WALm@KER ‰YSFpbpbLCqy0Lm@9p ECgM|JSqL wxLmOp k @VLG jk G HLRTSFMVU9WpbLG ,SLCFGCFSqLmHLG‘y EPr @9L LM
R k r HCFSFU9W‘3>IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICgSFU9WAL|‰YSgMVU9W>IGAHM j Lm@DW Er CqpVGISFM9MbL {> MVUDW EPr pb{mLG^ˆ 6LSqpbLm@9WSFGYM9U9WIC EPr HpžLm@ jk @‘^JIE JALm@ 6Lm@Vp
JILM NŸ MbpVEGIJIM${>A@ž‹U9W EPr pb{>GAHTJALm@=^> j Lm@9C Er MVM9SqHOLSqp#JALm@N>IGMVU9WIEP@9t›LGl} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G’Ÿ?LG>Apb{mp#y0Lm@DJALG OPEGIG^ˆ
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R LmpbLm@Nt >Ar @ ‡LJIL}CFEMVMbLƒŸ?LMbpVSgR R p->GIJ JISqL =?>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k G’HLMVUDW EPr pb{mpoy)Lm@9JALGˆ
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0SLCx{> bLJALm@|}CFEMVMbL Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WIGILmpmˆB,SgG u)LSFMbšSqLCyNSq@9J SgG NŸŸˆ HLm{mLSqHpmˆxœEM|u$SFCFJ6{mLSFHp|JISFL Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WIGIL v
pbLG 6Lm@9pbLKt >Ar @žJISqL }CFEM9MbL ECFJ ˆ k r WALm@VL 6Lm@VpbL JALM=?>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpVMbH@DEJALMy0Lm@9JILG ECgMJ>IGAOCqL 0>IGAOpbL
JEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpm‘Ay Er WA@VLGIJ JISFLWALCFCqLG k r GAL GISqLJA@9SFHLm@VLm@N=?>AHLW k r @9SFHOLSqp#LGpVMVšI@VLU9WILG^ˆ
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B0GALm@VHSqL${>IM9ER RKLGKR SqpxJALm@B0GALm@VHSqL#SFWI@VLm@xzoRKHLmŸ >IGAHƒSFGKJALR MVLCqŸ?LG 0SLCHLMVš3LSgU9WALm@VpmˆnECFCFMxMVSFUDWKRKLWA@VLm@9L
OCqLSFGIL Ÿ ‡LmOpbL#SFGIGALm@9WECqŸLSFGALm@NLmHS k G|yNSqLJALm@DW k CqLG^‘ yNSq@9J|JISqLMbL NLmHS k G jk G JALm@wEP@9SFEPpVS k GKJILm@Xž@9E>y)Lm@VpbL
HLmOLGGA{mLSFU9WGALmpm‘SgWA@VLm@,L pV>I@ˆœžSqLMbLB,SqHLGMVU9WIEPt…p,yoSq@9JKSFG JALm@0u$SFCFJ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAH k t…p,Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpm‘>IR Mbš?LmOpb@DEC
Er WGICFSFUDWALlnC Er U9WALG {> >IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJALG^ˆ0œžEM =?SqLC-M k CFU9WALm@’wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG SFMbp LM‘0JISqL wEP@9SFEPpVS k G JALm@Xž@9E>y)Lm@VpbL
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u$SFCgJ^‘~…Ÿ3‚2=?>AHLW k r @9SFHOLSqpVMbH@9EJ^ˆPX@9E>y0Lm@VpbL#MbpbLWILGt >Ar @ 6Lm@VpbL${myNSgMVU9WALG – ~…y)LS ‚<>IGIJT”~€M9U9Wy)EP@V{ jk CFCqL
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Lm@9{mL>AHpmˆœžSqLMbL#B,CqLR LGpbL$O k r GIGALG <SFGSqLG^‘ 0>IGAOpbL k JALm@,‹R Ÿ k CqL$MbLSFGˆ EPp >Ar @9CFSgU9WAL$<L pV>A@VLGKM9SFGIJ ,@ k JI>AOpbL
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SgG&JALm@ JISqL6 Er > HOLSqpm‘oR SqplJALm@ {my)LS|X@DE>y)Lm@VpbLSFG LSgGALm@ t›LMVpbHLCqLmHpbLG @9LCFEPpVS j LG G k @9JIG>IGAH SFR u$SFCgJ
jk @9O k R RKLG^‘HLMbš?LSFUDWALm@Vp yoSq@9J^ˆ<n >Ar @ JISqL’u)Lm@VLU9WIG>IGAH JALm@ ( / ""(# &$'/ 7 / yNSF@9J {>ALm@DMbp LSFG
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Lm@$LSFGILR >Ir ŸCFSFUDWALGTCFSgGAH>ISFMbpVSgMVU9WALGTu0LmH@DS LGpVMbšI@9SFUDWpmˆAœžSqLžC k OPECqL k R k HLGISFp EPr p#yN>A@9JALoE>At 6Lm@VpbLƒ{myNSgMVU9WALG
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y Er WA@VLGIJ JIEM‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJ LSFGAL >IGAHLGILm@9ECFSFMbLm@9pbLoŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH JALm@ -LECgSqp EPr pJEP@9MbpbLCFCqpmˆ?u)LSJALm@ NOpV>IECFSFM9SqL v
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H@DSqLm@VpbLG o>Apb{>GAH jk G j Lm@9MVUDWISqLJALGALG œžEPpbLG >ALCFCqLG MbšI@9SgU9WpoR EG jk GYœžEPpbLGAt€>IMVS k G^ˆ n k r @9MbpVGILm@ ” ˜ >IGJ
} EGIEJAL ” P– pbLSFCqLGYJISqL œžEPpbLGAt€>IMVS k G SFGlJILm@ou$SFCFJ j Lm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAHKSFGlJI@VLS^wxLm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>GAHMbLmŸ?LGALG LSFG“SFGlJISFL
‹ASqHGIECqLmŸ?LGAL‘QJISqL0‰YLm@VOR ECFMbLmŸ?LGAL$>IGIJ|JISqL Ÿ bLmOpbLmŸ?LGALˆPB,M2Ÿ?LMbpbLWpxSFR RKLm@G k U9W JISqL$‰ k r HCgSFU9WAOLSFpm‘QwxLm@9t…EWv
@9LG {> Ÿ?LG>Ipb{mLG^‘IJISqLJISFLMbLƒBŸ?LGALG R SqpbLSgGIEGIJALm@#O k R ŸSFGISFLm@VLG6~€JISqLM k HLGIEGGpbLGYWŸI@9SFJILG wxLm@9t…EWA@9LG ‚Dˆ
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E>It0JALm@ ‹SqHGECqLmŸ?LGAL|SgR oEMbpbLm@Vt k @9R EPp jk @9CgSqLmHLG^‘^MVSFGIJ >Ar Ÿ CFSFU9WILm@Vy0LSgMbL JISFL|B,@VHLmŸGISFM9MbL|E>U9W NEMVpbLm@VŸSFCFJILm@ˆ
u)LSoJALm@TœžEPpbLGAt€>IMVS k G7E>ItJALm@ ‰ Lm@VOR ECFMVLmŸ3LGIL y0Lm@9JILG7GISFUDWpTR LWA@TG>A@KLSFGA{mLCFGILl,SLC#ECFM B0SFGIWALSqpKJALm@
n>IMVS k GIMVLGpVMVUDWALSFJI>GAH6EGAHLMbLWALG^‘)M k GIJALm@DG O k RKšCqL Lm@VL XLmŸ SFCFJAL‘xyNSFLYX@9EPšWALG‘<SFMbpbLG k JALm@T@VLCFEPpVS k GIECFL
u)Lm{SqLW>IGAHLG y0Lm@9JILG WALm@9EGAHLm{ k HLG ~€B,WCqLm@9M ” Ÿ ‚D‘>IR E>IMlSgWA@VLm@HLRKLSFGIM9ERKLG >IMby)Lm@VpV>IGAH7GAL>IL
†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG7{> HLmyNSFGIGALGˆ,u)LSoJALm@œžEPpbLGAt€>IMVS k G E>AtJALm@ Ÿ bLmOpbLmŸ?LGALYSFMbp JSqL B,SgGIWALSqpm‘,E>ItJALm@ JISFL
n>IMVS k GIMVLGpVMVUDWALSFJI>GAHKMbpVEPpbp GIJALmpm‘Ÿ3Lm@9LSqpVM$LSFG Ÿ ‡LmOp k JILm@-LSFGAL ‹{mLGILˆ
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HGECqLmŸ?LGAL Ÿ?L jk @V{>IHpm‘^Ÿ3LM k GIJALm@9My)LSFCMVSqL|LSFGAt€EU9WALm@>IGJYSFGpV>ISqpVS j MVSFGIJ >IGIJ LSFGAL|H>ApbL <LSFMbpV>IGAHMVt Er WISFHOLSqp
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‹ASqHGIECqLmŸ?LGALžG>I@-{>A@N k r MV>IGAH LSFGAt€EU9WILm@o@ k ŸCqLRKLžŸ?LG>Ipb{mp#y0Lm@9JILG^ˆ
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WEPŸ3LG nALWCqLm@‘y)LCFU9WAL-E>MxJALm@œžEPpbLGALm@Vt€EMVMV>IGAH k JALm@JALG w k @ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAHM9U9WA@9SFpbpbLGKMbpVER RKLGK>IGJ Ÿ?Lm@>r UVOv
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Ÿ?LS3JALm@$†+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G jk Gl‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@DG >IGIJ @9E>IR Ÿ?Lm{ k HLGALGœEPpbLG“AHL k RKLmpb@9SFMVUDWALzGAHLGIE>ISqHOLSFp)>IGJ
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nIL>IU9WpVSqHOLSqpmˆIœžSqLžnALWICqLm@ >ALCgCqLGKtD>Ar @0HL k R Lmpb@9SFMVUDWALƒzoGAHLGE>ISqHOLSqpbLGSFG‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJALm@9GKMVSFGJ {ˆ—uˆ NŸIŸ SFC v
J>IGAHMbt…LWICqLm@#>IGIJ XžL k @VLmt›Lm@9LGA{SqLm@9>IGIHMbt›LWCqLm@ˆ
u)LSJALm@NE>Ap k R EPpVSgMVU9WALG B pb@9EPOpVS k G jk G Ÿ bLmOpbLG O k r GIGILGlnALWICqLm@oŸ?LS^JALm@oœL GISFpVS k G JALm@ žŸ ‡LmOpbH@VLGA{mLG
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JILM|u$SFCgJISFGIWIECFpbLMƒLGpVMVpbLWALG nALWICqLm@KSFGJALm@ MbLR EGpVSFMVUDWALG u)LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ>IGAHA‘{ˆ—uˆxŸ3LS0JALm@K}CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GJALM
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=^>A@0u)LWIEGIJCF>IGAH jk R EPHLmt›LWCqLm@0LSgGALM$,>IGAOpbLM0OQEGIG’JIEM)nALWICqLm@DR k JILCFCJALm@)wxLm@9RKLM9MV>IGAHMbO>IGIJILNŸ?LG>Ipb{mp
y)Lm@9JALGŠ~‹U9WAL>I@9SFGAH ” ‚Dˆ
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wEP@DSFEPpVS k G >IR JALGLU9WpbLG 6Lm@VpmˆœžSqLwEP@9SFEPpVS k GJILm@ EPHL LSFGALM ,>GAOpbLM SFR {my)LSFJISFRKLGMVS k GIECqLG NE>IR
yoSq@9JECFM-LSgGALG k @9R EC j Lm@VpbLSFCqpbL =?>It…ECFCgM j EP@DSFEPŸCqLR k JILCFCFSqLm@VpmˆœLm@o‰ SqpbpbLCqy)Lm@VpNJISFLMbLm@-wEP@9SFEPpVS k GlSFMbp >ICFC ‘A>IGJ
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y)Lm@9JALG ECFMnC Er U9WILG6>IGIJ <SFGISFLG JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpm‘?MbLCqpbLGALm@ƒSFG n k @9R jk G ,>GAOpbLGˆ †‡R wxLm@9Op k @Vt k @9R EPpƒy)Lm@9JALG
SFGISqLG >IGIJ6nC Er UDWALG R SFpžSFCqt…L jk GŠ‹LmHRKLGpbLG JIEP@9HLMbpbLCFCqpmˆ=3y)LS GIM EPr pb{mL y)Lm@9JALG6{>I@u0LWEGIJICF>IGIH jk G
nILWICqLm@9G SgG‹LmHRKLGpbLG jk @VHLMbpbLCgCqpm“<JIEMB,šMVSFC k G u$EGIJ‰ k JALCFC jk GŠLm@9OQEC ” • >IGIJ6JILm@Mbp k UDWIEMbpVSFM9U9WAL
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‹LmHRKLGpbLM SFGGALm@9WIECqŸ JSqLMbLm@NLmHS k GCFSqLmHLG^ˆ2œoLm@ GIMVEPpb{ jk GŠB0WICqLm@9M ‹WS ” Ÿ3LMVpVSFR R p E>IUDWLSFGIL
NLmHS k G>IR JIEM|<SgGISqLGIMbLmHR LGpm‘<EPŸ?Lm@ JALm@VLGŠu0@9LSqpbL’SgMbp GISFUDWp O k GIMbpVEGpm‘xM k GIJALm@9GyNSq@9JECFM n>IGAOpVS k GJALm@
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6Fk[L]3#9l1 ‹LR EGpVSgMVU9WAL nALWICqLm@Ÿ?Lm{SqLWILG6MVSFU9WE>At#JISqL t…ECgMVU9WAL }CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k GYLSgGALM,SLCFMƒ>GIJ pb@VLmpbLGE>It0y)LGIG JISFL
œžEPpbLG >GIJ k JALm@xJISqL-‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAHMbv k JALm@}CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k GIM j Lm@Vt…EWI@VLG GSFU9WpxCqLSFMbpV>IGIHMbt Er WSqHNHLG>AHMVSFGJ^‘ >IR
JSqLžy)EWA@9LG $pbpb@9SqŸ>IpbL JALM-0SLCgM${>lMVU9W EPr pb{mLG^ˆ ‰ k r HCFSFUDWAL|X@ >r GIJALƒJIEPt >Ar @-MVSFGIJ“
œžSqL œEPpbLG MbpbLCFCqLG G>A@ LSFGAL oŸMbpb@9EPOpVS k G JALm@ ‹{mLGAL JIEP@s‘2LSgGAL SqO k GISFMVUDWAL œžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAH JSqL’RTEGIU9Wv
R EC2GISFU9WpžE>IMb@VLSFUDWpm‘^>IR JALGYy)EWI@VLG =^>IMbpVEGIJ JALm@‹{mLGAL JIEP@V{>IMbpbLCgCqLG^ˆ œžSqL Mbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG œžEPpbLG6JALm@
nALm@9GALm@9O>IGJI>IGAHƒŸ?Lm{SqLWALGTMVSFU9W E>At^JISqL#@VL LmOpVSqLm@9pbL k JALm@LR SqpbpVSFLm@VpbLNLCqLmOpb@ k R EPHGILmpVSFMVU9WILoB,GILm@VHSqLN>IGJ
@VLSFUDWALG GISFU9WpžE>IMm‘?>IR RTEGIU9WALKB0CqLRKLGpbL {> pb@VLGIGILG^ˆ^=^>IR u)LSFMVšSqLC<SgMbpoLMžMVUDWyoSqLm@9SqHA‘ EMVMbLm@>IGJ
‹U9WEPpbpbLG SgR(u)Lm@VLSFU9W JALMoGIEWALGl†‡GAt…@9EP@ k pVMoG>A@JI>A@9UDWlJISqLoGIEC MbL JALm@oMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLGlœžEPpbLG {> >GpbLm@bv
MVU9WILSFJALG^ˆ
œžSqLœžEPpbLGy)Lm@9JALGEPŸIHLmpVEMbpbLmp->GIJ >IEGpVSFMVSqLm@Vp)>IGIJ’ECFM)GIEPp >Ar @9CFSgU9WALƒ=?EWICqLG SFR NLU9WIGILm@)HLMVš3LSgU9WALm@Vpmˆ
œžEMot >Ir WA@9pNJIEP{>^‘3JIE SqLCqL Ÿ bLmOpbL R SqpNG>A@y0LGSqHLG 0SLCgG JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqp JALm@žM HEP@ž{> LSgGALR(LSFGAv
{SqHLG ,SLC{>MVER RKLjGAHLmt€E pžy0Lm@DJALGY>GIJ JIERTSqpoGISgU9WpoRKLWA@Lm@VOLGIGŸEP@ƒMVk SFGJ^ˆ ok >MoJALm@ oŸIpVEMbpV>IGAH
LGpVMVpbLWALG6‰YSgMVU9WAš SLC‘Iy0LCgU9WALKJISqL †+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALG RKLWA@VLm@VLm@ ŸbLmOpbLG pb@9EPHLGˆ?œžEM ‹SFHGIEC ‘ JEMNHL v
RKLMVMbLGlyNSq@9J^‘LGpVW Er Cqp-E>IUDW ‹p k r @D>IGAHLG~ oE>IMVU9WILG ‚D‘Iy)LCFU9WAL JISqLžy)EWI@VL ‰YLMVMV>IGAH >Ir Ÿ3Lm@DCFEPHLm@9G^ˆ
r WA@9pmˆ0œžSqL u)SgGIEP@9SFMVSFLm@9>IGAH JALm@
B,M’y)Lm@9JALG j SqLCFLYwxLm@VLSgGAt…EUDW>GAHLG SFG JISFLYœžEPpbLG j Lm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAH LSFGAHLmt >I
EPŸIHLmpVEMbpbLmpbLGY}EP@VpbLžSFMbp0JEM0Ÿ?LMbpbLžu)LSFMbšSFLC ‘y)LSFC3MVSqLNLSgGALMVLWA@)MVpVEP@VOLžwxLm@VLSFGAt€EU9W>IGAH SFMbpmˆœžEPŸ3LS3yNSF@9J
LSFGAL)MbLWA@M9U9WIEP@Vt…L$B,GpVMVU9WALSgJI>IGAH-HLmpb@ k 3LG^‘JISFL,JALG HLMVER pbLG ,@ k {mL ƒJALm@<†‡GpbLm@9šI@VLmpVEPpVS k G Ÿ?LmLSFG >IM9MbLG
OQEGG^ˆ
r Ÿ3Lm@JISqL oEPpV>A@ JALm@
œžSqL } CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G k JALm@ ‹LmHR LGpVSqLm@D>IGAHŠJILM u$SFCFJILM ŸEMVSFLm@Vp’E>It oGIGEWIRKLG >I
œžEPpbLG^‘y)LCFU9WIL GISFUDWp-SFRTRKLm@#{>Apb@VL ?LG^ˆ
r U9OMVSgU9WpVSqHpm‘M k GIJILm@9G k t…pNG>I@NJISqL}CgEMVMbLG^‘EG
oSgU9WpoECFCqL} CFEMVMbLG y)Lm@9JALGlŸ3LS<JALm@N}CFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k GŸ?Lm@ >I
JALGALG R EG †‡GpbLm@9LMVMbL-WIEPpmˆ GIJALm@VL#}CFEM9MbLG|y0Lm@9JILGKJALMby)LmHLG {> LSFGALm@xJALm@xŸ?Lm@ >Ir U9OMVSgU9WpVSqHpbLGK}CFEMVMVLG
t…ECgMVU9W {>IHL k @9JIGALmpmˆ
œžSqL }CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GIMVEGIM EPr pb{mL t€>IGAOpVS k GISqLm@9LGYGIEUDW @DSFGA{SqšSFLGlJALm@ƒOCFEMVMVSFM9U9WALG ‰YLGAHLGpVWIL k @9SqL‘<SFG JALm@
LSFG B0CqLRKLGp0G>A@{> LSgGALm@,}CFEM9MbL-HLW k r @VLGTOQEGG^‘>IGIJ {my$EP@$R Sqp jk CFCqLm@#=?>AHLW k r @DSqHOLSqpmˆ†‡G GIEPp >Ar @DCFSFU9WILG
‹{mLGALG yoSq@9J MbLCqpbLGlLSFG ,SLC jk GlLSgGALm@#LSFGA{SqHLG }CFEMVMbLƒŸ?LJALU9Opmˆ
œžSqL y$EWA@VLGEP@9ER LmpbLm@|JALm@ Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpbLGŠ}CFEMVMVLG MVSFGIJ6>GŸ?LmOPEGIGpmˆ oGIMVpVEPpbp JALm@ y)EWA@9LG EP@9ERKLmpbLm@
y0Lm@DJALG G>A@2‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAHLG‘ JISqLE>M<@9ESFGISFGIHMbHLmŸSqLmpbLGƒJALMœžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{mLMEPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmpy0Lm@DJALG^‘ j Lm@Vy)LGIJALmp
~‹y$ESFG ;œžE j SFM ” ‚Dˆ
œLm@o†‡GIWIECqp#LSgGALm@o}EP@9pbL k JALm@NLSFGILMNu$SFCFJALM-OQEGIG j Lm@9ECqpbLmpžMbLSFG k JALm@‘3SFR(nIECgCLSFGALm@}EP@VpbL‘^XLGALm@9ECFSqv
MVSqLm@9>GAHMbt…LWICqLm@$LGpVWECqpbLG^ˆ
žŸy k WIC)LSFG MVSqHGISOQEGpbLm@ oGpbLSFC#JALm@KnALWCqLm@ SFG JALm@ }EP@VpbLGILm@VOLGIG>IGAH6MVSFUDWE>ItoJISqLlXL k RKLmpb@DSqLlŸ?Lm{SqLWpm‘
pb@9LmpbLG k t…p MbLR EGpVSFMVU9WILnILWICqLm@ E>At‘ jk @KECFCqLR y0LGGŠJISFL B@9OLGIG>GAHYE>Ap k RTEPpVSFMVU9W k JALm@ pbLSFCFE>Ap k RTEPpVSFMVU9W
Lm@9t k CqHpmˆIœžSqLMVLnALWICqLm@NM9SFGIJE>IU9WlŸ3LS?JALm@o}CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k G jk G ‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJALm@9G Ÿ?LmOPEGIGpmˆœžSqLƒpb@DEJISqpVS k GALCgCqLG
‰YLmpVW k JALGMVSFGIJŠCqLSFJALm@ GSFU9Wp|SgGJALm@ <EPHL‘ jk CFCqLl‹SFUDWALm@9WALSqp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ JISqL’}CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k G6{>HEP@DEGpVSqLm@9LG^ˆxœSFL
†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G JISqLMbLm@ œžEPpbLG R > JISqLMbLlnILWICqLm@ JILMby0LmHLG Ÿ?Lm@>Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSFHLG^‘>IR JALm@9LG7B,SFG > 6SFG LSFGALm@
SgGpbLmH@9SFLm@VpbLG GIECMbLƒ{> j Lm@V@9SgGAHLm@9G^ˆ
s _Y`
- u)LS JALm@,}CFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k G yNSq@DJ LSFGAL-B,GpVMVUDWALSFJI>IGIH>Ar Ÿ?Lm@,JISqL-R k r HCgSFU9WIMVpbLN}CFEMVMVL#tD>Ar @ ‡LJALG ,SLCHLmpb@ k ?LG^ˆœSFL
‹ASFU9WALm@DWALSqp k JALm@0zGIMVSgU9WALm@9WILSqp,JISqLMVLm@0B,GpVMVUDWALSFJI>IGIH W Er GAHp jk G’JILm@0‰YLm@VORTECqLoJALM),SLCFM0EPŸˆzGIMVSgU9WALm@9WILSqp
C E r pMVSgU9W j Lm@VOCqLSFGALm@9G y0LGGYR EG GISgU9WpE>At,LSFGAL œžEPpbLG>ALCFCFL {>A@ >Ir UVOH@VLSqt…pm‘3M k GIJALm@9G JIEMzN@VpbLSgCE>At…H@9>IGJ
R LWA@VLm@VLm@-œžEPpbLG >ALCFCqLGlt Er CFCFpmˆ
‰ EGIUDWAL nI>MVS k GIMbpVWIL k @9SqLG HLWALG JIE jk GYE>IM‘JIE JEMNnI>IM9S k GIMbLm@VHLmŸ GISFM#>IR M k Ÿ?LMVMbLm@NSFMVpm‘ ‡L t›@ >r WALm@NJISqLœžEQv
pbLG >ALCgCqLGTHLR LSFGIMVER E>IMbHLmy)Lm@VpbLmp-y)Lm@9JALGˆ†‡GJALm@#u)SgCFJIEGIECMbL-pb@DS3p$JISqLM$G>A@)Ÿ3LJSFGAHp,{>ˆu$SFM){>’LSFGALR
HLmyoSFMVMbLG60>IGAOpžSgMbpƒLMMVSFGG jk CFCJISFL u$SFCgJALm@ƒHLmpb@VLGIGp jk GALSFGEGIJALm@E>IMb{>y)Lm@VpbLG^‘<JIE JSqL o>IMVy0Lm@VpbL j Lm@9t…EWv
@9LG ECFM jk GILSFGIEGIJALm@ >IGIEPŸW Er GIHSqH {> Ÿ?Lmpb@9EUDWpbLGMVSFGIJˆ?œžSqLMVL o>Mby0Lm@9pbL j Lm@Vt…EWI@VLGŠM9SFGIJ6EGJSqL ‡Lmy)LSFCFSFHLG
B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt…pbLGlJALM-œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{mLMžEGAHLmš E pmˆ
œžSqL œEPpbLGIt…>IM9S k GlMbLmpb{mpLSFGALG oEWIRKLG jk @DE>IMm‘ SgG JALR MVSgU9W JSqL jk @9WIEGIJILGALƒ†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GlJIEP@9MVpbLCFCqLGlC E r pm‘
>GIJSFG JALR(MVSgU9W JISqLƒG k py0LGJISqHLGY‹UDWIC >Ir M9MbLž{SqLWALG CFEMVMVLG^ˆIB,SFGILG’JILm@9EP@VpVSqHLG oEWIRKLGŸSgCFJALmp$JISqLƒ-WAL k @9SFL
JILm@2>IGMVU9WIEP@9t›LG  k HSqO3ˆQœLm@,=?>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSqpVMbH@DEJ LSFGILM0SLCgM{> LSFGALm@}CFEMVMbL‘ ŸEMVSqLm@9LGIJ E>AtA†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG
E>MLSFGALm@0Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pbLG ž>ILCFCqL‘yNSF@9JKHLR E r JALm@0SgGTJALG jk @9SqHLG NŸM9U9WIGISFpbpbLG Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LGALGK‰YLmpVW k JILG ECFM
LSgGALƒ@VLmLCFCqL =?EWC^JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpmˆ
SFGy0LSgMbL >Ar Ÿ?Lm@NJISFL@9SFUDWpVSqHL|}CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GLSFGALM,SLCFM#O k r GIGALGYE>IM-LSgGALR œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{KEPŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpoy)Lm@9JALGˆ
œžSqLo‹p EPr @VOLNJISqLMVLMxoSFGy)LSFMbLMyNSq@DJ|RTSqpoSgCqt›L$LSFGILm@>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LGKnI>IGAOpVS k GKJIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpmˆœžEGISFUDWpECgCqL-}CFEMVMVLG
SgG bLJALR œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{#Lm@VOLGIGŸEP@MVSgGIJ^‘O k r GIGALG MVSFUDW JSqLMbL$nI>A{m{v!nI>IGAOpVS k GALG yNSgJALm@9MbšI@9LU9WALG^ˆ B,SFG|,SLCOQEGIG
RTSqpN{my)LS k JALm@žRKLWA@9Lm@VLGY>GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILG }CFEM9MbLG j Lm@VŸ >IGIJALGYMbLSFG^‘3JIETOLSgGAL Ÿ kk CqLMVUDWAL  k HSqOlŸ?LG>Ipb{mp
yoSq@9J^ˆ
œžSqLKB,@VHLmŸGISFM9MbL|JILm@žR|>ICqpVSgMbš?LmOpb@9ECFLGY}CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k G >IGIJ JALm@}EP@VpbLGILm@VOLGIG>IGAHy0Lm@DJALG SFG JISqLMbLR ‹SFGGAL
GSFU9Wp-ECFM-JISFLžEPŸ M k CF>ApbL EWA@DWALSqp#Ÿ?Lmpb@9EU9WpbLmpm‘ M k GIJALm@9G G>A@-ECFM-SFGy0LSgMbLƒE>At2JSqLžy)EWA@DMVU9WALSgGICFSFUDWIMbpbLƒ}CFEMVMVL
JILM-,SLCFMmˆ†‡WA@VL} k R ŸSFGEPpVS k GLm@9R SqpbpbLCFp#LSFGALƒŸ?LMVMbLm@VLu)LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ >IGAH JALm@Nu)Lm{SqLW>IGAHT{myNSFMVUDWALGlJALG 0SLCgG
>GIJ JILG }CgEMVMbLG^ˆœSFLžn k @9R JALm@N=?>AHLW k r @9SFHOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k GY~ Q‚D‘JISFLJISFLMbLou)Lm{SqLW>IGAHKJIEP@9MVpbLCFCqpm‘SgMbp jk GJALm@
EPpV>A@NJILm@NœžEPpbLGYEPŸWEr GAHSqHAˆ
œžSqL6u)LMbLSqpVSFH>IGAH JALm@ } k G SqOpbL >IGIJ JISqL NŸCFLSqpV>IGAHŠLSFGALm@LSFGIWALSFpVCFSFU9WILG7†‡GpbLm@Vš@VLmpVEPpVS k G yNSq@DJ R SFp’SFCqt…L
LSgGALMnI>A{m{K†‡GAt…Lm@VLGA{MVUDWALR EM0R k r HCFSFUDW^ˆœžSqLMbLM†‡GAt…Lm@VLGA{MVUDWALR EƒŸ EMVSqLm@VpE>At?L šCFSq{SFpbLG -LmHLCFG RTSqpy)LCFU9WALG
j Lm@DMV>IU9Wp yoSq@9J^‘JISFLTB@Vt€EWA@9>GAHLSFGALM R LGIMVU9WCFSFU9WILG u)LG>Apb{mLm@DM {>MVSFR|>ICFSqLm@9LG^ˆ^n >Ir @ JISqL } k R ŸSgGIEPpVS k G JALm@
SFGy0LSgMbLMbpbLWALGlJSqL š?Lm@9EPp k @VLGlJALm@o>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LG ‰ LGAHLG {>A@-wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGIH ~XžC ˆ™˜”s‚Dˆ
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HLm@D>IGAH ~ oŸMVUDWIGISqpbp ˆ™˜ˆ ‚DˆœSFLMbLNLmHLCFG y)Lm@9JALG L š CFSq{Sqp-JAL 3GISqLm@VpmˆœžEPt >Ar @y0Lm@9JILGlŸ?LmOQEGGpbL|nIEPOpbLG >IGJ
JSqL|R LGIMVU9WCFSFU9WIL|B,@Vt…EWI@9>IGAH’Ÿ?Lm@>Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSFHpmˆ?œžSqL NLmHLCFG6MVSFGIJ SFG JALm@n k @DR B Nv!œ 1HLmHLmŸ?LG >IGJ
y)Lm@9JALG SFG7LSgGALm@ -LmHLCFŸEGAO HLMbš?LSFUDWALm@Vpmˆ0œžSqLYL š CFSq{SqpbLlœLmOCFEP@9EPpVS k G JALm@ NLmHLCFG Lm@Vt k CFHp R Sqp oSFCFt›L jk G
CgSFGAH>ISFMVpVSFMVU9WILGTwEP@9SgEPŸCqLG >IGIJ Lm@9RKLGˆ LJAL NLmHLCLGpVMbšI@9SgU9Wp#LSFGALm@NCFSgGAH>ISFMbpVSgMVU9WALG >IMVMVEPHLˆ
u)LSFMVšSqLCqLžt >Ar @-CFSFGAH>SFMbpVSFMVUDWALwEP@9SFEPŸCqLM9SFGIJ^“
& " & &$"( 2( $" ( & "%( $'" $*$ = " " (*.& $ $%" & &( k JALm@
& " & $" & "%( $ " $9$ = " " ( .& $ $%" & & ( ˆ
œžSqLMVLGYwEP@DSFEPŸCqLGYy0Lm@DJALG oJ bLmOpVS j L~€CgSFGAH>ISFMVpVSFMVU9WIL <Lm@DRKL ‚N{>AHL k @9JIGALmpmˆ<‹SFL Ÿ?LMVUDWA@VLSqŸ?LG JILGYR k r HCgSFU9WALG
=^>IMbpVEGIJ JALm@oCFSFGAH>ISgMbpVSFMVUDWALGTwEP@DSFEPŸCqLG^ˆAu)LSFMbš SqLCqLJIEPt >Ar @-MVSFGJ
& "%( $ /" $9$/' /" $'$ 3&8& $€‘
& "%( $ /" $9$/' "( ( " ' $ k JILm@
& "%( $ /" $9$/' /" " 4 = $€ˆ
œžSqL‹U9WICg> t k CFHLm@9>IGAH~€JIEM B@VHLmŸ GISFMD‚oyNSF@9J LmŸ?LGAt…ECgCFMƒMbšI@9EUDWICFSFUDW E>IMbHLJI@>Ir UVOpmˆ<B0SFGAL LSFGI{SqHL CFSFGAH>SFMbpVSFMVUDWAL
wEP@DSFEPŸCqLR SFp$R LWA@VLm@VLGlCgSFGAH>ISFMVpVSFMVU9WILG Lm@9RKLG OPEGIGlJEM-B@VHLmŸ GISFM$LSFGALm@-} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k GJIEP@DMbpbLCFCqLG^ˆAœžSqLMbL
wEP@DSFEPŸCqLƒyNSF@9JMbšI@9EUDWICFSFUDW E>IMbHLJA@ >r UVOpm“
.& $$ "%+( 5 " $ (*.& $ $%"
>GIJ SFWA@VLƒCFSgGAH>ISFMbpVSgMVU9WALG’Lm@9RKLWIEPŸ?LGlJISFLžn k @9R “
& ( ‘
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.& $ $" ‘
ECgM k JISqLEGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHMbOCFEMVMVLG^ˆ
œž>A@DU9W’JISqL-} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k GTJALm@0wEP@9SFEPŸCqLG >IGIJ Lm@9RKLSFMbpLM)R k r HCFSgU9W^‘CgSFGAH>ISFMVpVSFMVU9WIL-‹EPr pb{mLo{> ŸSFCFJILG^‘JISqL-LSFGIL
NLmHLC<JAL 3GISqLm@VLG^ˆI=?>IR u)LSFMVšSqLC “
B & " & &$"( 2( $" ( /" $9$ = /" $'$ &8& $ " " ( .& $ $" &
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œžSqLMVL MVšI@9EU9WCFSFU9WILG >IMVM9EPHLG y0Lm@9JILG SgG JILG NLmHLCFG j Lm@VŸ>GIJALG >IGIJ R SqpbpbLCFM>IGIM9U9WIEP@Vt…Lm@ nI>IGAOpVS k GALG
JEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆIn >Ar @oJISqL >IMVMVEPHL“
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yoSq@9J’LSFGALnI>GAOpVS k G Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpm“
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MVSgGIJ JSqL)B0SFGAHEPŸ?LSFGAt k @9R EPpVS k GALGE>IMxJALR œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{|~:@ ‚D‘y Er WI@VLGIJ )LSFGAL#JALm@x}CFEMVMVLG|E>M2JILm@‰ LGAHL
7SgMbp<>IGIJ t >Ar @LSFGALJ bLmOpVS j SFG u)Lm{SqLW>IGAHo{>A@2CgSFGAH>ISFMVpVSFMVU9WILGžwEP@9SFEPŸCqL0MbpbLWpmˆ >IM<JILm@2} k R ŸSFGEPpVS k G RKLWAv
@9Lm@VLm@0CFSgGAH>ISFMbpVSgMVU9WALm@>IMVM9EPHLGTyNSF@9JKLSFGAL o>IMVHEGAHMbH@ k r L ~ I‚Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WGALmp~ oŸMVUDWIGISqpbp ˆ™˜ˆ ‚DˆIœžSqLoLGIJAH >Ir CFpVSqHL
} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G’ŸEM9SqLm@Vp-E>AtJALGlSFGy0LSFMVLG ECFCqLm@-œžEPpbLGIM EPr pb{mL >IGIJ JALG -LmHLCFG^ˆ
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‹AU9WICF>t k CqHLm@D>IGAHLG^‘JISqLžMbšI@9EUDWICFSFUDW jk GLSFGILR1‰YLGIMVUDWALGt k @9R >CFSqLm@Vp0y0Lm@9JILG^‘AJI>A@9UDW NLmHLCFG >IGIJ’ECqH k @9SqpVWAv
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JSqLR k r HCFSFUDWALGY=?>Mbp Er GIJALJALm@o,>IGAOpbLE>AtxJALm@NB,@9J k Ÿ?Lm@ Er UDWALƒŸ?LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ?LG^ˆ†+GlLSFGALR ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJ’CFEMVMbLG
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‹ASqL j Lm@VŸSFGJALG&JISqL B0SFGAHEGAHMVJEPpbLG ~…†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALG E>M JALG >GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILG&œEPpbLGM EPr pb{mLG ‚YR SqplJALG
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u)Lm@ >r k UVOMVSFU9WpVSqHk >IGIH ECFCqLm@-} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k GALGGISFU9Wp-G k r pVSqHAˆSFk UDWp-ECFCFL} k R Ÿ SFGIEPpVS k GALGMVSgGIJ’t >Ar j @#LSgGALžŸ3LMVpVSFR R pbL
>At…HEPŸ?LNMVSFGIG jk CFC ˆœžEJI>A@DU9W^‘JE JISq
L NLmHLCFG jk GTLSFGALR ‰YLGIMVUDWALGTE>IMVHLmy Er WICqpy)Lm@9JALG‘R6>Ir MVMVLGKGISFU9Wp,ECFCFL
} k R ŸSgGIEPpVS k GALGHLmpbLMbpbLmpy)Lm@9JALG^ˆ
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CgSFU9WALG NOpVS j Sqp EPr p JILm@ NLmHS k G R k r HCFSFU9Wˆ 6LGIG OLSFGAL E>IMb@VLSgU9WALGIJILG C k OPECqLG }LGIGpVGSFMVMbLl{>I@ wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGIH
MVpbLWALG^‘O k r GIGALG JSqL -LmHLCFGŠGISFU9WpMbLWA@ Mbš?Lm{S MVUDW6t k @DR >ICgSqLm@Vpžy0Lm@DJALG^‘M k GIJILm@9G LSFGALKH@ k r Lm@9L GA{EWIC jk G
NLmHLCFG R|> ’>Ar Ÿ?Lm@VšI@>Ir t›py0Lm@9JILG^ˆœžSqL#†+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k GTJALM SgMVMbLGIMLSFGILMxRKLGIMVUDWICFSFUDWALG oGECMVpbLGKSFMbpxSFG JISqLMbLR
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>GIJ JISqL GA{EWIC jk GlCgSFGAH>ISFMVpVSFMVU9WILG’Lm@9RKLGlt >Ar @ bLJALƒwEP@9SgEPŸCqLˆ
œžSqL †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALG ECFCFLm@ ƒ>ALCFCqLG yN>A@DJALG ECgMHL k O k JISFLm@VpbL BŸ?LGALG HLMbš?LSFUDWALm@Vpmˆ#†‡G JSqLMbLm@lœžEPpbLGŸ EGAO
yoSq@9J7JISFLl†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k G bLJALM’,SLCFMTECgMTLSFGIL JISqHSqpVECFLlHEGA{mL=?EWIC#{myoSFMVU9WILG –Š>IGIJ ˜P––JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpmˆ$œE
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œžSqLln k @9R JALm@ nI>GAOpVS k GALG Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pKJISqL š?Lm@9EPpVS k G JALM NLmHLCFMMbpbLR Mmˆ0œSFL oGIEC MbLyNSF@9JLm@9CqLSFUDWpbLm@Vpm‘
y)LGIG LSFGAt€EU9WAL|nI>IGAOpVS k GALGYŸ?LG>Apb{mpoy0Lm@DJALG^‘JALGG JIEJI>I@9U9W yNSq@9JlSgWA@VL|‹š?LSFUDWALm@9>IGIH >IGIJlJISFL u)Lm@VLU9WIG>IGAH
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wxLm@9t >Ar H>GAH|MVpbLWALGIJALG’†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALG’>IGIJ’JALm@ -LECFSFp EPr p$EGG Er WALm@VLG^ˆI‹SqLO k r GIGALGE>At<JALm@#u$EMVSFM jk G B,@Vt…EWAv
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GA{EWIC jk G nI>IGAOpVS k GALG^‘0JISqLl{>IM9ER RKLGyNSq@VOLG^ˆ0œSFL wxLm@ Er GIJILm@9>IGAHŠLSFGALm@ n>IGAOpVS k G7yNSF@VOp E>AtRKLWA@VLm@9L
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HLGJAL} >A@ j LHSqŸIp)LSFGALH@ k L ‹SFU9WILm@9WALSqp0yNSFJALm@‘JALGIG Ÿ?Lm@VLSqpVM0OCqLSgGALo‰YLm@VOR ECFM Er GIJILm@9>IGAHLG j Lm@ Er GIJALm@DG JISFL
=^>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSFpVMbt…>GAOpVS k G Ÿ3Lmpb@ Er U9WpVCFSFU9Wˆ GIJALm@VLm@9MVLSqpVM,MbpbLCgCqLGTnI>GAOpVS k GALG R Sqp0LSFGALm@ 3EU9WALG ‹pbLSqH>IGIH JISqLMbLM
zor Ÿ?Lm@VHEGAHM LSFGILl‹ASqpV>IEPpVS k GJIEP@‘xSFG JALm@ JISFL’œL GISFpVS k G JALMT=?>AHLW k r @DSqHOLSqpVMbH@9EJILM|GSFU9WpKJAL>ApVCFSFUDW SFMbpmˆ†+R
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Ÿ >IGAHlJALm@|CFSFGAH>ISgMbpVSFMVUDWALG <Lm@9R Lˆ<œžSqLMbL n>IGAOpVS k GALG6O k r GIGALG jk GLSFGILR RKLGIMVUDWICFSFUDWALG u)LG>Apb{mLm@ L šCFSF{Sqp
JIL GISqLm@Vp k JILm@ R Sqp oSFCFt›L’LSFGALM -LUDWIGALm@9M HLM9U9W<EPr pb{mp y0Lm@9JILG^ˆxœE6JSqL’n>IGAOpVS k GALGOLSFGALt…LMbpbLlR EPpVWALR EQv
pVSgMVU9WAL u)Lm{SqLW>IGAH Ÿ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ3LG‘3SFMVpžSgWA@VLKJISq@VLmOpbL u)Lm@VLU9WG>IGIH MVU9WyNSqLm@DSqH >IGIJ LSFGALKG>IRKLm@9SgMVU9WALK k r MV>IGAHlSFMVp
H >r GIMbpVSqHLm@ˆ
XžLGALmpVSFMVUDWAL oCFH k @9SqpVWIRKLG ~X k CFJIŸ3Lm@9H ” ‚$HLW k r @VLG {>JALG Mbp k U9WEMbpVSFMVUDWALG šIpVSFRTSqLm@9>IGAHM j Lm@Vt…EWI@VLG^‘JISFL
E>It?JILGT@DSFGA{SqšSFLG|JILm@0GIEPp >Ar @DCFSFU9WILG B jk CF>IpVS k G ŸEM9SqLm@VLG^ˆB0M0WIEGJALCqpMVSFUDWTJIEPŸ?LSI>R1‹>IUDWIECqH k @9SFpVWIRKLG^‘JISFL
LSgGALG RKLWI@9JISFRKLGMVS k GIECqLGwEP@DSFEPŸCqLGA@DE>IR(GIEUDWYLSgGALm@ k šIpVSgR ECqLG  k r MV>IGAH’JI>A@9UDWIMV>IUDWALG^ˆœžSqLMVL wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG
LSFHGALGMVSFU9W’H>Ap${>A@N‹UDW<EPr pb{>IGAH >GŸ?LmOPEGIGpbLm@#EP@9ERKLmpbLm@NLSFGALm@ k JILm@$R LWA@VLm@VLm@#nI>IGIOpVS k GILG^ˆœžSqL ‹>U9WIMbpb@DEQv
pbLmHSFL Er WIGILCqp JALGGIEPp >Ar @9CgSFU9WALG o>IMVy)EWICFšI@ k {mLMVMbLGŠ>IGIJ6Ÿ EMVSqLm@Vp|E>At-@9SgGA{SqšSqLG JALm@ B jk Cg>ApVS k G^ˆ<œLMby)LmHLG
y)Lm@9JALGlHLGALmpVSFMVUDWAL CqH k @9SqpVWIR LG{>lJALGlGIEPpV>I@9EGIEC k HLG wxLm@9t…EWA@9LG HLm@VLU9WGALmpmˆ
†‡G JALG t k CqHLGIJALG oŸMVU9WGISqpbpbLG yNSq@9JYLSFG GIMVEPpb{ Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LG^‘?JALm@ƒE>At,HLGALmpVSgMVU9WALG CqH k @9SFpVWIRKLG ŸEMVSqLm@9p
>GIJ JISqL ‹U9W EPr pb{>IGAHYJILm@|>IGMVU9WIEP@9t›LGŠnI>IGAOpVS k GALGŠJALM NLmHLCFMMbpbLR M|>IGpbLm@9Mbp >Ar pb{mpmˆœžEMK=^SqLCJALM šIpVSFRTSqL v
@D>IGAHM j Lm@Vt€EWA@VLGM#SFMbp#SFGlJISFLMbLR nIECFC ‘IJSqL ž>IECFSFp EPr p$JILm@N}CFEMVM9S{SqLm@9>GAH {>lLm@9W k r WALG^ˆ
s ` s
u)LSJALG HLGALmpVSFMVUDWALG oCqH k @DSqpVWIRKLG y0Lm@9JILG GAL>IL‘ j Lm@VŸ?LMVMVLm@VpbLY k r MV>IGAHLG E>IM’JALG Ÿ?LMbpbLG&‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAHLG
LSgGALM jk @9WILm@9SqHLG6‹U9WA@DSqpbpbLMNEPŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpmˆ3œžSqLMVL ‰YLmpVW k JIL Ÿ?LG>Ipb{mpoGISFUDWpG>I@NLSFGAL LSFGA{SqHL k šIpVSFR ECqL  k r MV>IGIHA‘
M k GIJALm@9GKRKLWI@VLm@VL$H>ApbLN k r MV>IGAHLG^‘JSqL#GIEU9W ‡LJALm@x†+pbLm@9EPpVS k GTŸ?Lmy0Lm@VpbLmpm‘E>IMVM k @VpVSFLm@Vpx>IGIJ O k R ŸSFGISqLm@9p2y)Lm@9JALGˆ
œLm@-,@ k {mL t Er GAHp#R Sqp#JALm@${>At Er CFCFSqHLG >IMby$EWIC3LSFGALm@$H@ k L‰YLGAHL R k r HCFSgU9WALm@# k r M9>IGAHLG EG^ˆAœžSqL ž>IECFSFp EPr p
bLJALm@’ k r MV>IGIH yNSq@9J Ÿ?Lmy)Lm@VpbLmpmˆ$œSFL  k r MV>GAHLG R SFpTGISqLJA@DSqHLm@ ž>IECFSFp EPr pm‘,JISqL {>IR @ k Ÿ CqLR GISFUDWp šEMVMbLG‘
y)Lm@9JALG Ÿ?LMbLSFpVSqHpmˆ#œSFL6Ÿ3LMVpbLG&0k r MV>IGIHLG y0Lm@9JILG&JIEGIG O k R Ÿ SFGISqLm@Vpm‘#>IR GIL>AL60k r MV>IGIHLG {>&Lm@V{mL>AHLG^ˆ
œžSqLMVLm@N@ k {mL yNSq@9J’yNSFLJALm@9W k Cqpm‘ŸSgM$LSFG k šIpVSFR ECFLm@N,>IGIOp$Lm@V@VLSgU9WpNSFMbpmˆ
CFM,w k @VŸSFCFJ yNSq@9J LSFGILo‰YLGAHL jk G " HLG k R R LG^‘JISFLNSFGKLSFGILm@0GIEPp >Ar @DCFSFU9WILG zoR y)LCqp,{> >Ar Ÿ?Lm@9CqLmŸ?LG
j Lm@DMV>IU9WILG^ˆœžSqL oGIšEMVMV>IGIH bLJALM 7 & $KEG7JISqL zR y)LCqpKyNSq@DJJ>A@9U9W LSgGAL & 5 2( =-0" $ $ 0'$ ~…LGIHC ˆ '$ " $ $ ‚$HLRKLM9MbLG^ˆ
†‡R nIECFCJALm@ }CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k G7yNSF@9J JISFLMbLYnI>GAOpVS k G E>M’JILR JISF@VLmOpbLG wxLm@VHCFLSFU9W JALMB@9HLmŸGISFMbŸ SFCFJALMKJALm@
} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G R Sqp2LSFGALR SFJALECqLG|u$SFCFJ^‘ LSFGALR ‹ k CFCFŸSFCFJƒJIEMJISFL,@9SFUDWpVSFHL$} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G ‡LJILM20SLCFM<LGpVW Er Cqpm‘
HLmy k GIGALGˆ=?SqLC JISqLMbLM0@ k {mLM9MbLM0SgMbpLMm‘JALGTzGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJT{myoSFMVU9WILGTB@9HLmŸGISFM>GIJ ‹ k CFCFŸSFCFJ|{>’R SFGISFRTSqLm@VLG^ˆ
n k CqHLGIJAL u)LMbpVEGJApbLSFCqLMVSgGIJt >Ir @-JISqL ‹>IUDWAL G k py0LGIJSqHA“
" $ $ 0 '$ ’R > KL šCgSq{Sqp#JAL GISFLm@Vp$y0Lm@9JILG^ˆ
œžSqL & 5( '0
œžSqL GA{EWIC jk G2EP@DERKLmpbLm@ >IGIJŠSFWA@ wEP@DSFEPpVS k GIMbŸ?Lm@VLSgU9WR > YŸ?LmOQEGIGp MVLSFG^‘JER Sqp JILm@K‹>U9WA@9E>R
>IGIJ JISFL o@VpNJILm@N} k JISqLm@9>IGIH|JALm@ 5 " "%'$ 3$ " "%$$"-Ÿ3LMVpVSFR R p)y)Lm@9JALGlO k r GIGILG^ˆ
~=?EWICJALm@ u$SqpVMD‚TJALm@ - & $ & " yNSq@DJ jk @VHL v
œžSqL GA{EWICK~€ Er GAHL6JALm@ "$$"9‚ >IGIJ JISqL n k @9R
MVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LG^ˆœžSqLMVLž}LmpbpbLƒLGpVW Er CFp)JISFLEP@9ERKLmpbLm@oJALm@)n>IGAOpVS k G>IGIJ’JIER Sqp)LSFGALžR k r HCFSFUDWALž k r MV>IGIH|JALM
@ k Ÿ CqLR Mmˆ
œLm@@ k {mL Ÿ?LMbpbLWpNE>IMNJALG t k CqHLGIJALG ‹UDWA@9SqpbpbLGŠ~€,WIER <SF> ” srs ‚D“
”Pˆ-†+GSqpVSFECFSFM9SqLm@9>IGAHA“
†+GLSFGILR Lm@9MbpbLG ‹UDWA@9Sqpbp|yNSq@9JŠLSFGAL ‰YLGAHL jk G " Lm@V{mL>AHp ~€JISqL’Lm@9MbpbL " 2( 0" 5Q‚DˆœSFL
X@ k r L)JALm@ " 2( 0" 5,yNSq@9J jk @9WILm@<t…LMbpbHLCqLmHpmˆP‰ LWA@9Lm@VL, k r M9>IGAHLGy)Lm@9JALG {>At Er CFCFSqH#E>IMbHLmy Er WICqpm‘s>IGJ
-
‡LJILN
k r MV>GAHECFMxLSFGIL#ŸSFG EPr @VL-}LmpbpbLNO k JISqLm@Vpmˆ‹ k LGpVMbpbLWp0JSqL#Lm@9MbpbL " " &$' I‘R SqpxLSFGILm@ j SqLCFt Er CqpVSFHLG
" ( 0 " 5ˆœžSqL oGAš EMVMV>IGAH bLJALMB,CqLRKLGpbLMyNSq@DJ JIEGEU9W >Ar Ÿ?Lm@VšI@ >Ar t›pm‘ M k JIE‡LJALMxB0CqLRKLGpxJI>A@9UDW
SFWA@VL45" "$'1$" "$$"#>IGIJLSgGALG & 5 (2=-0" $$ "$<HLmOLGIGA{mLSFUDWIGALmp-yoSq@9J^ˆ
˜ˆNu$SFG EPr @VL} k JISqLm@D>IGAHA“
†+G JISqLMbLR ‹U9WI@9SqpbpTy)Lm@9JALG JISqL G>IRKLm@DSFMVU9WILG 6Lm@VpbL JALm@2EP@DERKLmpbLm@LSFGALm@  k r MV>IGAHSFG LSFGIL ŸSFG EPr @VL
}ƒLmpbpbLŠ>RKHLmy)EGJALCqpmˆ-œžE LSFGAL6Ÿ SFG<EPr @VL6B,SgGIWALSqp6~€u$SqpD‚G>A@l{my)LSR k r HCFSFUDWAL 6Lm@VpbLMbš?LSFU9WALm@DG OQEGIG‘
SFMbp {>A@KœEP@DMbpbLCFCF>IGIHlH@ k r Lm@VLm@ 6Lm@VpbL LSgGAL } k R ŸSFGEPpVS k GRKLWI@VLm@VLm@|ŸSFG EPr @VLm@|B,SFGWALSqpbLG Lm@9t k @9JILm@9CFSFUDW^ˆ
œžSqLT Er GIHLTJISqLMbLm@ B,CqLRKLGpVEP@VOLmpbpbLW Er GAHp jk GŠJALm@ œžEP@9MVpbLCFCF>IGAH JALM 6Lm@VpbLM|EPŸˆ2=?>IR u0LSgMbšSqLC ‘?{>A@
œžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAHKš k MVSqpVS j Lm@-GIEPp >Ir @9CFSFUDWALm@N=?EWICqLG {myoSFMVU9WILG – >IGIJl˜ MVSFGIMJ `Ku$SqpVMoG k r pVSqHAˆ >IM bLJALR 6Lm@Vp
LGpVMVpbLWp LSgG ‹pb@9SFGAHA‘JALm@Ku)LMbpVEGIJApbLSFC$LSgGALm@KC Er GAHLm@VLG u$Sqp‡v!}ƒLmpbpbL~€JSqL 5" "'$ 1$" "%$$"D‚ SFMbpmˆLJALM
u$Sqp#JISqLMbLm@$}ƒLmpbpbLƒyNSq@DJTECFM-Ž$WA@ k R k M k R SFGpbLm@VšI@VLmpVSqLm@9pmˆ EU9WlJALm@#zR y$EGIJICg>IGAH OPEGIG’LSFG &
JI>A@9UDW MbLSFGAL|HLGALmpVSFMVUDWALK}ƒLmpbpbLKŸ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LGly)Lm@9JALG^ˆ?B,SgGAL OCqLSFGIL EPŸ?Lm@ƒE>IMVJA@9>UVOMVMbpVEP@VOLK}ƒLmpbpbLKyNSF@9J
LRKšIt k WICqLG^ˆ
NŸŸˆ s MbpbLCFCqp LSFGu)LSFMVšSqLC,JILm@ ŸSFG EPr @VLG} k JISqLm@D>IGAHlJIEP@ˆ2B,SFGIL pb@9EPš?Lm{mt k r @DR SqHL n>IGAOpVS k GyoSq@9J jk G
j SFLm@ ,>IGAOpbLG JAL GSqLm@Vpm“#~ ” K˜‚D‘o~ ˜ ”s‚D‘o~ ”s‚|>IGIJ&~ K˜‚Dˆ,B0M yNSq@9J EGAHLG k R RKLG^‘JIE JISqL v!} kk @DJISFGIEPpbLG} k GIMVpVEGpbLGlM9SFGIJ^‘>IGIJJALMby)LmHLG @VLSgU9WALGJISqL j SqLm@ v!} kk @9JSFGIEPpbLGE>IMm‘I>IR1LSFG
<@DEPš3Lm{{> Ÿ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ3LGˆLJALƒ=?EWIC yNSq@9J ŸSFG EPr @)JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpm‘>IGJTJISqLMVLou$SqpVMbL >ALGA{mLG y0Lm@DJALG JEGIEU9W
j Lm@VOLmpbpbLmpmˆ oCgM#B@VHLmŸGSFM$LGpVMVpbLWpoLSFGALC Er GAHLm@9LƒŸSFG EPr @VLƒ}ƒLmpbpbLˆ
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œžSqLoLm@DMbpbLGl‹U9W<EPr pb{>GAHLGŸSFCFJILG JISqLoLm@9MbpbL " " & $' >IGIJ’E>IU9WJISqLoLm@9MbpbL ) (*$"/ & " 5 " ˆœžSqLMbL (
" y)Lm@9JALG SFG JALG t k CqHLGIJALG ‹U9WA@DSqpbpbLG JI>A@9UDWlJISqL45" "$'1$" : " &$' " k šIpVSFR SFLm@Vpmˆ
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B,MyNSF@9J JIEPŸ?LS >Ir Ÿ3Lm@9šI@ >Ar t…pm‘ k Ÿ JISFL " 2( 0" 56SFG oSFU9WpV>IGAH LSFGILM 7 & $ ~€JALm@ k šIpVSFR ECFLG
 k r MV>GAH‚O k G j Lm@VHSqLm@Vpmˆ 6LGIGJSqL  k R k HLGISqp EPr p JALm@ " ( 0 " 5 LSgGALGŠ‹UDWy)LCFCqy)Lm@Vp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@9M9U9WA@VLSFpbLmpm‘
yNSq@9J EGAHLG k R RKLG‘ JIE TJSqL k šIpVSFRTECqL  k r M9>IGAH HLmt€>IGIJALG yN>A@9JIL‘I>IGIJlJALm@@ k {mL ’yNSq@DJ EGAHLWIECqpbLG^ˆ
œžSqL }ƒLmpbpbL RTSqp-JALR Ÿ?LMbpbLG GAšEM9MV>IGAHMby)Lm@Vp#MbpbLCFCFp-JISqL k šIpVSFR ECFL k r MV>IGIH JIEP@ˆ
Aˆ o>Mby)EWC jk G ) (*$" /I“
œLm@ & 5 2( =0 " $ $ 5 & JALm@ " yNSq@DJ JI>I@9U9W JISqL œLmO k JISFLm@9>IGAH JALm@ 5 " "%'$ 3$" "$$"’Ÿ?L v
@VLU9WGALmpmˆ " TRTSqp#W k r WALm@VLR & 5( '0" $ $ 5 & ƒy)Lm@9JALGE>IMVHLmy Er WICqpm‘I>IR E>IM#JSqLMbLG (
" ~ ) (*$" /‚GAL>IL j Lm@VŸ?LMVMVLm@VpbL " {> Lm@V{mL>AHLG^ˆ^œLm@ GAšEMVMV>GAHMbH@9EJ JALm@ " yNSF@9J
Ÿ?Lm@ >Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSFHpž~ $ .& ( " ‚$>R {> MVSgU9WALm@9G‘JIE G>I@)H>Ip0HLmLSqHGILmpbL " KSFG’JALm@ & & 5
Ÿ?LG>Apb{mp#y)Lm@9JALGˆ
B,M#HSFŸIp->IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWAL ‹pb@9EPpbLmHSqLG {>A@ >IMby$EWICJALm@ ) ( $" Iˆ?=?>IR u)LSFMbšSFLC “
>I@9GISqLm@“B,SFGŠ2EEP@ 7 " yoSq@9J6{>At Er CFCFSFH E>IMbHLmy Er WCqp >IGJJALm@|MVU9Wy Er U9WMbpbL‘JALm@ bLGISqHLTRTSqp GISFL v
JA@9SqHMVpbLR & 5 2( =-0" $ $ 5 & P‘yNSF@9J’Ÿ3LMVLSqpVSqHpmˆIœLm@oMbp EPr @9OMbpbL ŸCqLSqŸIp$Lm@9WECqpbLG^ˆ
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GALm@ & 5( =0 " $$ 5 & ’R SqpƒLSgGALR ‹UDWy)LCFCqy)Lm@Vp j Lm@9HCFSFU9WILG^ˆ<nIECFCgMMbLSFG & 5( =0 " $$ 5 & >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ JALR
‹U9Wy)LCFCqy)Lm@Vp-CFSqLmHpm‘IŸ?LMbpbLWp#Lm@oJSqLƒ@>Ar t€>IGAHK>IGJŠ>Ir Ÿ3Lm@DCqLmŸIpmˆ
=?>At Er CFCFSqHL >IMby$EWIC “sB0SFGEEP@ jk G 7 " oyNSF@9Jž{>At Er CFCFSqH-E>IMVHLmy Er WICqp2>IGIJƒSFR " 0 $' $ " Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpmˆ œSFLMbL‰ LmpVW k JAL HEP@9EGpVSFLm@Vp-OLSFGAL } k G j Lm@9HLGA{ˆ
ˆNEEP@9>IGAHA“
B,SFG GIL>ALM & ‘ k JILm@-Ÿ?LMVMbLm@-HLMVEPHpoLSFGALGAL>ILƒŸSFG<EPr @VLƒ}ƒLmpbpbL‘ yNSq@9JE>IM-{my0LS ) (*$" / Lm@V{mL>AHpmˆ
u)LCFSqLmŸSqH GAL>AL Ÿ SFG EPr @VL }LmpbpbLGYy)Lm@9JALG E>IMJALm@ž} k R Ÿ SFGIEPpVS k G jk G ) ( $" & & " lLm@V{mL>IHpmˆ=^>A@N} k R v
ŸSFGIEPpVS k GJILm@ Ž$WA@ k R k M k RKLG HSqŸIp LM RKLWI@VLm@VL ‰ k r HCgSFU9WAOLSFpbLG^ˆ,B,SgGAL LSgGAt…EUDWALl‰ k r HCFSFU9WIOLSqpKŸ?LMbpbLWp
JIEP@9SFG‘JSqLu$SqpVM-JALm@ ) ( $" {>At Er CgCFSqH O k R Ÿ SFGISqLm@Vp#EGlJEMN}SFGJ y)LSqpbLm@V{>IHLmŸ3LGˆ
B,SFGIL EGIJALm@VLKwEP@9SgEGpbLTSgMbpƒLMm‘<LSFCqL JALm@ }ƒLmpbpbL E>IM JALG ECqpbLG 7 " {>6O k š SqLm@VLG^ˆœžEPtD>Ar @ yNSF@9J
LSFG zor Ÿ3Lm@9HEGAHMbš>IGIOp)Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pmˆAœSFLžB0CqLRKLGpbLJALm@-}ƒLmpbpbL‘JSqL jk @oJISqLMbLR zor Ÿ?Lm@VHEGAHMbš>GAOp$CFSqLmHLG‘
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•ˆN‰Y>IpVEPpVS k G^“
œžSqL‰ >ApVEPpVS k G SFMbpYLSFGAL š?Lm@9EPpVS k G^‘JISqL LSFG Ÿ?LCFSqLmŸSFHLMlu$Sqp LSFGILM 7 & $ j Lm@ Er GIJALm@9pmˆœžSqLMbL
wxLm@ Er GIJALm@D>IGAHM k CFC{>It Er CFCgSqH>GIJKG>I@SFG y0LGSqHLG n Er CFCqLG Lm@Vt k CqHLG^ˆ‹SqL#WIEPp,JISFL >At…HEPŸ?L‘GAL>ALM " &&(
$" / &(SFGlJALGY@ k {mL ’LSFGA{>It >Ir WI@VLG^‘A>IGIJlSgMbp-t >Ar @oJISFL zoGpbLm@VŸI@9LU9W>IGAH JILm@ž‹>IUDW j Lm@DMV>IU9WIL‘ JISqL SFG LSFGALR
@VLCFEPpVS j LG ‰YSFGSFR >R1MVpbLWALGlHLmŸCgSqLmŸ?LG’M9SFGIJ^‘AG k r pVSqHAˆ
NŸŸˆ ”ž{mLSFHp){>R1u)LSFMVšSqLC LSFGAL $ &'$ KLSFGALm@$OCqLSFGALm@VLG’}ƒLmpbpbL‘IR SFp”• - & .$ & " Iˆ †+GJISqLMVLm@
}ƒLmpbpbLyNSF@9J’LSFGl=?EWIC~ ”P‘ ˜‘ >IGIJ ‚$R SFp u$SqpVM$HLMVš3LSgU9WALm@VpmˆIœžSqL $ &'$ Lm@Vt k CqHp#{>At Er CFCFSqHAˆ†+G
JISqLMbLR u)LSFMbšSFLC<yNSF@9J JIEMžGAL>GpbL u$Sqp>RKHLmOLWA@Vpmˆ^œžEJI>A@9UDW LGpVMbpbLWpžLSFG GAL>ALm@ 6Lm@Vp ~ ‚ot >Ar @oJISFL
JA@9SqpbpbL =^EWIC ‘AJIEM-WALS pm‘JIE TMVSgU9Wt >Ar @NJISqLƒGAL>IL}ƒLmpbpbL JISFL=^EWICqLG ” ˜ >IGIJ KLm@VHLmŸ?LG^ˆ
œžSqL
$ & '$ ’Lm@9R k r HCgSFU9WpoJISFLzoGpbLm@9MV>IUDW>GAH GAL>ILm@o0k r M9>IGAHLG^‘JSqL GISFUDWpo>IGŸ?LJISgGAHp jk GYJILm@NLm@9MbpbLG
‹U9W EPr pb{>IGAHžEPŸW Er GAHSqHMVSFGIJˆ oCgM špVS k GALG|MbpbLWALG|JISqL,wxLm@ Er GIJALm@9>IGIHNLSFGALMŸ?LCFSqLmŸSFH-E>IMbHLmy Er WICFpbLG|u$SqpVM‘
JISqL †+G j Lm@9MVS k G LSFGILMNŸ?LMbpVSFRTR pbLG <LSgCFMNLSgGALm@}LmpbpbL k JALm@ƒJISqL †+G j Lm@9MVS k G {my)LSqLm@ž{>At Er CFCFSqHTE>MbHLmy Er WICqpbL
- & .$ & " {>A@-wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGAHAˆ
B,SFGIL)y)LSqpbLm@VL žš3Lm@DEPpVS k G SFMbpxJALm@ ) ( '$ 1$/& $ ‘J^ˆ—W^ˆJISqL$B@9WECqpV>IGAHLSFGALm@xŸ?LMbpVSFRTR pbLG GA{EWIC jk G ) ( $" SFG JALm@NGIL>ALG " " &'$ Iˆ
ˆNB@9MVLmpb{>IGAHA“
NL>IL " O k r GIGALG Mbš EPr pbLm@NJISFLECqpbLG ) (*$" / Lm@9MVLmpb{mLG^‘ M k JE LSFGALGAL>IL " " &'$ ’LGpVMVpbLWpmˆ
_
NŸIŸ SFCFJI>IGIH
(p1, p2, p3, p4)
(p1, p2, P5, p4)
”P“‰ >ApVEPpVS k G LSFGALm@#ŸSFG EPr @VLG }ƒLmpbpbLˆ
žœ SqL ‹UDWA@9SqpbpbL6~ ‚ ŸSFM ~ •‚ y)Lm@9JALG MMbpbLR EPpVSFM9U9W yNSqLJILm@9W k Cqpm‘ŸSFM|LSFGAL k šIpVSFR ECFL’ k r MV>IGAH Lm@V@VLSFUDWp SgMbpmˆ2œLm@
,@ k {mL O^k r GIGpbL SFR @9SFGI{SqšYŸ?LCFSFLmŸSqH k t…pƒyNSqLJILm@9W k Cqpy0Lm@DJALG^ˆ?†+G6JILm@ž,@9EASFMžy0Lm@DJALG6} k G j Lm@VHLGA{mO@9SqpbLm@9SqLG
LSgGAHLmt >r WA@Vpm‘>R JALGl=3LSqpbš >IGAOp{> JILR JALm@#,@ k {mL |EGIHLWIECqpbLG’y0Lm@DJALGM k CFCI{>’Ÿ?LMbpVSFRTRKLG^‘{>IR1u)LSFMbšSFLC ‘
y)LGIGJALm@ oGIšEMVMV>IGIHMby0Lm@9p LSFGALM Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pbLG<LSFCgM JALm@ " ( 0 "5’LSFGALG ‹U9Wy)LCFCqy)Lm@Vp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@9M9U9WA@VLSFpbLmpm‘
y)LGIGlJSqL " ECgCqL Er WIGICFSgU9WE>IMVMbLWILG^‘ k JILm@NGIEU9W LSFGALm@#t…LMbpbLG GA{EWIC jk G †pbLm@DEPpVS k GALG^ˆ
œžSqLo k R k HLGSqp EPr p)JILm@/ " ( 0 " 5-OPEGIG R SqpbpbLCFMxLSgGALM oŸMbpVEGIJMxHLRKLMVMbLG y)Lm@9JALG^‘yoSqL-{>IR u0LSgMbšSqLCAJISFL
‹A>IR RKLJALm@ NŸMVpsEr GIJALžJALm@ " jk R ‰ SqpbpbLCqy)Lm@Vp#JALm@ " 2( 0" 5‘ k JALm@#JISqL‹>IRTRKLoJALm@ oŸMbpsEr GIJIL
{myoSFMVU9WILGlECFCqLG 7 " ~XžC ˆ• ‚Dˆ
s
6 ~ 6A~7 /‚ & 6 C'7 ?~ /‚b‚
D D 6 ~ 6A~7 3 ‚ & 6~ /' 3 ‚b‚
D - ~ • ‚
r`
~• ‚
s
RTSqpm“
ƒŽ oGI{EWIC jk G $Ž WI@ k R k M k RKLG
X@ k r L JALm@ " (20"5ˆ
†‡G’}EPšˆ• yN>A@DJAL-Ÿ?LMVU9WI@9SqLmŸ?LG^‘yNSFLoE>IM0LSFGALm@$}EP@VpbL k JILm@)E>IM)JALR(‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJKSFGy)LSFMbLot >Ir @0JISqL}CFEMVM9S v
{SqLm@9>IGAH|JALm@-,SLC3EPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmp#y)Lm@9JALG’O k r GIGALG^ˆœžSqLMbLƒSFGy)LSFMbLžy)Lm@9JALGECFM$GIEPp >Ar @DCFSFU9WILƒ=?EWCqLGT{myoSFMVU9WILG’–
>GIJ ˜P––O k JISqLm@Vp>GIJ HLMbš?LSFU9WILm@VpmˆœžSqLMbLM0n k @9R EPp0Ÿ3LMVpVSFR R pJALGKwEP@9SFEPpVS k GIMbŸ?Lm@VLSFUDW JALm@,>IGMVU9WIEP@9t›LG n>IGAOv
pVS k GALG^ˆ >At2JILm@-y)EEPHLm@9LU9WpbLG U9WMbL MVSgGIJ 6Lm@VpbL {myNSgMVU9WALG – >IGIJl˜P––TLm@9CFE>AŸIpm‘I>GIJ E>AtJALm@NMbLGAO@VLUDWpbLG
U9WMbL 6Lm@VpbL {myNSFMVUDWALGY–’>IGIJ”Pˆ?œSFL|nA@DEPHL SFMbpm“ 6LCgU9WALK}>A@ j L|M k CgCŸ?LG>Ipb{mpoy)Lm@9JALG^‘?>IR JISqL|>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LG
n>IGAOpVS k GALG JIEP@V{>MbpbLCFCqLG B0SFGAL LSFGAt€EU9WAL|}>A@ j L WIEPpoJILGYw k @9pbLSFC ‘ JE ’MVSFL JISqL †+GpbLm@Vš k CFEPpVS k G j Lm@VLSFGIt…EUDWpmˆ^œžSqL LSgGAt…EUDWIMbpbL n k @9R y EPr @9L
LSgGŠœ@VLSqLU9O ‘JILMVMbLG œžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAH G>A@ ,>IGAOpbL j Lm@9CFEGAHpmˆxœ@VLSqLU9OSqHLln>IGAOpVS k GALGWIEPŸ?LGJILG EU9WpbLSFC ‘
JE TSFWA@VL ‹š Sqpb{mLGLGAHTMVSgGIJ>IGIJ G>A@#LSFGALƒŸ?LmH@VLGA{mpbL ‰ LGAHL jk G nI>IGIOpVS k GILGlJIEP@9MbpbLCgCqLG^ˆ
B0SFG’<@9EPš?Lm{y EPr @VLLSFGALŸ?LMVMbLm@VL šIpVS k Gˆ‹LUDWIM#,>IGIOpbLMVSFGIJ t >Ir @)JISFLoœžEP@9MbpbLCFCg>IGAH|LSFGALM)<@9EPš?Lm{mLM#G k r pVSFHA‘yNSFL
LMxSgG oŸIŸˆ ˜JIEP@VHLMVpbLCFCqpyNSq@9Jˆ=?>I@2wxLm@9LSFGAt€EU9W>IGAHƒJALm@xœžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAHƒJALm@xnI>IGAOpVS k GALG|yN>A@DJAL)EGIHLG k R RKLG^‘
JE ’JISFL v 6Lm@VpbL ~ ‚oJISqLMbLm@žMbLU9WM0>IGAOpbL O k GMbpVEGpƒMVSgGIJ^‘>IGJYJIE JALm@žLm@9MbpbL >IGIJ JALm@žCqLmpb{mpbLK,>IGIOpot›LMbp
M9SFGIJ^ˆ)œSFL n k @DR JALM <@DEPš3Lm{mLM’yNSF@9J jk G&JILG oŸMbp Er GIJILG {myoSFMVU9WILG JILG Lm@DMbpbLG t >Ir GIt,>IGAOpbLG E>At JALm@
v oUDWIMbL|JAL GISqLm@9pm‘ECgM k @VLSFUDWALG j SqLm@ 6Lm@VpbL|E>IM->IR JALG <@9EPš?Lm{ j Lm@9CgE>At{>lŸ3LM9U9WA@VLSFŸ3LG6~ oŸIŸˆ ˜‚Dˆ
zGpbLm@ JISqLMbLG zR Mbp Er GIJALG OPEGIGLSFGALpb@9EPš?Lm{mt k r @9R SqHL nI>GAOpVS k GRTSqpKG>A@ j SqLm@ HEGA{mLG =?EWCqLG JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFp
y)Lm@9JALG‘I>IGIJ{my$EP@R SFp-JALG oŸMbp Er GIJALGl{myNSFMVUDWALGlJALG Lm@DMbpbLGlt >Ir GAt2,>IGAOpbLG E>AtxJALm@ ov U9WIMbLˆ3œžSqLŸSFG EPr @VL
} k JISFLm@9>IGAH JSqLMbLm@ 6Lm@VpbLƒSFMbp$CqLSFU9Wpm‘JIE JSqLMbLž=^EWICqLG OCqLSgGALm@0ECFM#˜ •|MVSFGJT>IGIJ’ECFM0LSFGALž}ƒLmpbpbL jk GEU9Wp-u)SFp
µ
p3
1.0
p4
d1 d2
d3
d4
d5
MAX
d1
p1
p5
p2
d2
d3
d4
p6
x
d1
NŸŸSFCFJI>GAH
d2
d3
d4
d5
˜“ CFCqHLR LSFGALƒn k @9R LSFGALm@N>IGMVU9WIEP@9t›Lƒ‰YLGAHLˆ
SgGYLSgGALR - LUDWIGALm@ƒHLMbš?LSFUDWALm@Vpƒy)Lm@9JALG O k r GGALG^ˆ^n >Ar @ƒLSFGAL OCqLSFGAL }ƒLmpbpbLTR SFp j SqLm@ =?EWICFLGYy)Lm@9JALG ˜u$SqpVM
HLmŸ@9E>IU9Wpmˆ
^
S
/
g31:9<17L]541:O<1:68BY;H3H=
w k l@ JILR ‹pVEP@Vp’JILM žšIpVSFR SqLm@D>IGAHMbšI@ k {mLMVMbLM yoSq@9J L SFGAL H@ k L ‰ LGAHL jk G& k r MV>IGAHLG { >At Er CFCFSqHŠHLGALm@9SqLm@9p
>GIJlO k JISqLm@Vpmˆ^XLR Er JALR @9SFGI{Sqš JALm@oHLGALmpVSFMVUDWALG oCqH k @DSqpVWIRKLG y0Lm@9JILGYJISFLMbL 7 " ’MMbpbLR EPpVSgMVU9W
M k @VpVSqLm@Vp->IGJ E>IMbHLmy Er WICFpm‘IM k JIEM#LSgGALB jk CF>IpVS k G SFG NSg9U WpV>IGAH LSFGILm@ k šIpVSFR ECqLG )k r MV>IGAH MVpVPE pbp GIJALmpmˆ
^
S
b
?
;HO DEL%UH5 B<W%RQ6
œLm@ o>Mby)EWCqšI@ k {mL NJILm@<SFRKšCFLRKLGpVSFLm@VpbLGƒwxLm@9MVS k G JALm@HLGALmpVSFMVUDWALGCqH k @9SFpVWIRKLG j Lm@VHCFLSFU9Wp bLJALM<B,@VHLmŸGISgM
RTSqpƒJALR EGAHLMbpb@VLmŸpbLGŠ=?SqLC ˆ Q– ,@ k {mLGp JALm@ k r MV>GAHLG y0Lm@DJALG Ÿ?LMbLSqpVSqHpmˆ^œžEPt >Ir @ƒy0Lm@9JILG JISqL
"
GEU9W SgWA@VLm@ & 5 (2=-0" $M k @9pVSqLm@Vp->IGIJ JSqLžŸ3LMVpbLG tD>Ir @-JISqLEEP@9>IGAH E>MbHLmy Er WICqpmˆ
-_
^
S
S
LLBY;H3H=
^= >A@ƒ2EEP@D>IGAHlyNSF@9J JISqLK‰ LmpVW k JAL JILM " =5 & 5$
o@VŸ?LSqp#JISqLƒ‰ SqpbpbL JALm@o}ƒLmpbpbL HLmy Er WCqpmˆ
^
S
a
0$"/$Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpmˆ oCFM
oz r Ÿ?Lm@VHEGAHMbš >IGAOpoyN>I@9JALKSFG6JISqLMVLm@
;-9ILN9<17W%3
œ Lm@ GA{EWICxJILm@‰Y>ApVEGpbLGSgMbpžO k GIMbpVEGp SFG LSFGALR ”P“F”m– wxLm@DW Er CqpVGISFMž{>I@ƒHLMVER pbLG " ( 0 " 5ˆ CFCqL (
7 "I‘0R SFp o>IM9GIEWIRKL JILM Ÿ?LMbpbLG7†‡GIJIS j SFJ>I>IR Mm‘2MVSFGIJ } EGIJISFJIEPpbLG7{>A@ $ & $' ˆ0n >Ir GAt "
y)Lm@9JALG’E>IMbHLmy Er WICqp0>GIJ LSFGILM,SFWA@9Lm@0u$SqpVM0LSFGv k JALm@)E>IMbHLMVUDWIECqpbLmpm‘IM k JIE LSgGALNGAL>ALž k r M9>IGAHLGpVMbpbLWpmˆIœSFL
$ &'$ TLm@Vt k CqHp#HEGA{ {>At‡Er CgCFSqHAˆ
=^>A@0wxLm@9Ÿ3LM9MbLm@9>IGAH JALM#B jk CF>ApVS k GIMVšI@ k {mLMVMbLM)yN>I@9JAL j Lm@DWISFGIJALm@9pm‘JIE JIEM)Ÿ?LMbpbL & R|>ApVSqLm@9pm‘JE LM
JSqLoŸ SFMVWALm@)Ÿ?LMbpbLƒ k r MV>IGIH|LGpVW Er CqpmˆAœžER Sqp$OPEGIG JALm@#R EASFR ECqL & 5( '0" $ $ 5 & ƒGIEUDW bLJALm@$†pbLm@9EPpVS k GlG>I@
y$EU9WMbLG >IGJŸCqLSqŸIp$>IG j Lm@ Er GIJALm@9pm‘Iy0LGG OLSFGALƒŸ?LMVMbLm@9L k r MV>IGIH SFG JALm@#†+pbLm@9EPpVS k GlLm@9{mL>AHp-yNSq@DJ^ˆ
^
S
02BlO6 9<R ;H3H=
Q–T@ k {mLGpNJALm@ ) ( $" y0Lm@DJALG jk G JILG GAL>ALG
7 " TLm@9MbLmpb{mpo>IGIJLSFGALGIL>ALƒ†pbLm@DEPpVS k Glt Er GAHp-EG^ˆ
_
^
S
b
3 HLOIOI;H3H=]O Bl1:9I68Bl14;k
œžSqLNX@D>IGIJISFJILmL0JISqLMVLm@‰ LmpVW k JAL#SFMbpxJALm@>IMby$EWICJALm@ 7 "I‘JISqL#ER Ÿ?LMbpbLGKJALGKzR y)LCqpbŸ?LJISFGAH>GAHLG
EGIHLmšE poMVSgGIJ^ˆœSFLMbL GAšEMVMV>GAHKR > G>IR Lm@9SFMVUDWHLRKLMVMbLG y0Lm@9JILG^ˆ
œžEM=?SqLCJALM,@ k {mLMVMbLMSFMbpm‘mLSFGILxH>ApbL,}CFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k GžJALm@<0SLCP{>Lm@V@VLSFUDWALG^‘y)LMVWIECqŸJEM‰YEJALm@ & 5( '-(
0 " $E>At JALm@x}CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k GIMVHLGIE>ISqHOLSqp2ŸEMVSFLm@VLG M k CFC ˆPœžEƒGISFU9Wpt >Ir @ECgCqL#,SLCJISqL)HLGIE>ALo‹ k CFCFOCFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k G
Ÿ?LmOPEGIGp-SFMbpm‘yNSq@9JSFG JILm@N@9EASFM#JIEMXLGIE>ISqHOLSFpVMVR E TE>IM#LMbpb@VLmHS k GALG EPŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpmˆn >Ar @-JISqLMVL -LmHS k GALG
yoSq@9JJISqLƒ@9SgU9WpVSqHL}CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GR Sqp-EGIJALm@9LGl‰ LmpVW k JALGlŸ3LMVpVSFR R p$>GIJ ECFM#@9SgU9WpVSqH EGAHLG k R R LG^ˆ
>IMJALR JISq@VLmOpbLGYwxLm@VHCqLSFUDWY{myoSFMVU9WILGYJALR B@9HLmŸGISFMJALm@ž}CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k G JALm@ž<@DESFGISFGAHMVHLmŸSqLmpbL >GIJ JALR
‹ k CFCqŸSFCgJƒOQEGGKR EG JISqL oGI{EWIC@9SFU9WpVSqHžOCFEMVMVS {SqLm@VpbLm@x,SLCLm@9R SqpbpbLCFGˆPB0SFG ‰YE ƒt >Ar @xJISqL-XLGIE>SqHOLSqpN~ $ ‚
yoSq@9JE>IM-JALm@ooE>AšpVJISFEPH k GIECqLG JALm@N} k GAt€>IMVS k GIMVR EPpb@9STEPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmpmˆ
$ I~'
D -,
‚ #@ 7 ~ Q–‚
_
RTSqpm“
‹ASq{mL X@ k r L|JALm@N@ >Ar t…>GAHMVRKLGAHL‘
@ ~€} ‚ ‹š>A@#JALm@N} k GAt…>MVS k GIMVRTEPpb@9S } >GIJ
G oGA{EWCJALm@N}CgEMVMbLG
œžSqLMVLM-‰YE ’SFMbp#HC k Ÿ EC^>IGIJ W Er GAHpoG>A@ jk GYJALm@GA{EWIC^@9SgU9WpVSqHKOCgEMVMVS{SFLm@VpbLm@#,SLC^EPŸˆB0M#Ÿ?Lm@ >Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSFHp
GSFU9WpJSqL X@ k r L JILm@LMbpVJIEPpbLG6JALm@LSFGA{mLCgGALG }CgEMVMbLG^ˆ3zoR LSFGAL E>IMbHLmHCgSFU9WALGILK‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAHJALm@ ž>IECFSFp EPr p
{>TLm@9WIECqpbLG‘R > JISqLoX@ k r LJALm@,LMbpVJIEPpbLG’>IGAHLmt Er WA@HCqLSgU9W MbLSgG^‘M k GIMVpxy >Ar @9JALGKJSqL-nI>IGAOpVS k GALGTR SqpRKLWA@
LMbpbšSLCFG Ÿ3L jk @9{>AHpmˆB0SFGAL-E>IMbHLmHCgSFU9WALGILo‰YLMVMV>IGAH Lm@9W Er Cqp,RTEGTR Sqp0oSFCFt›L-JALm@)R SqpbpVCqLm@9LG XLGIE>ISFHOLSqp0JALm@
} CFEMVMbLˆ
7:9 ~7+‚ #@ 7 ~7+‚
D -,
~ ”s‚
_
RTSqpm“
nSqp ž>IECFSqp EPr pVM9R E ~ & 5 (2=-0" $ " "/$ & $b‚
‹ASq{mL~€S›‚ GA{EWICJALm@o<LMbpbš SLC^JILm@N}CFEMVMVLS ‘
~€S›‚ GA{EWIC<JALm@#@9SFUDWpVSqHTOCFEM9MVS{SqLm@9pbLG’0SLC^JALm@N}CFEM9MbLS^>IGIJ
G oGA{EWCJALm@N}CgEMVMbLG
œžSqL =?EWICJALm@<LMVpVJIEPpbLG&R > Š@VLCgEPpVS j H@ k MbLSFG >IR LSFGAL E>IMb@VLSgU9WALGIJILYu)LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ>IGIHŠJALm@ }CFEM9MbLG {>
Lm@9@VLSFU9WILG^ˆ CFCqL nI>IGIOpVS k GILG R >Ir MVMbLG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@JILGYHLM9ER pbLGwEP@9SFEPpVS k GIMVŸ3Lm@9LSFU9WYHLMVU9W EPr pb{mpy0Lm@DJALG^ˆ^B,M@VLSFUDWp
GSFU9WpKJALGHLGIE>ALG wxLm@9CFE>Ito>IR JALR ‰ SqpbpbLCqy)Lm@Vp {> MVU9WEPr pb{mLG^‘,JALGIG JISFL’nI>GAOpVS k GALGy0Lm@9JILG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@|JALG
HLM9ER pbLGYwEP@9SFEPpVS k GMbŸ?Lm@VLSFU9W >Ir Ÿ3Lm@9šI@ >Ar t…pmˆ
‹LWA@ W k R k HLGAL <@9ESgGISFGAHMbHLmŸ SqLmpbL LSqHGALGMVSFUDWŠGSFU9Wp t >Ar @|JISqL u)LMbpVSgR R >GAH LSFGILM GAšEMVM9>IGAHMbO@9SqpbLm@9Sg>IR Mm‘
y)LSFCMVSqLKG>A@ƒJISqL ‹U9W EPr pb{>IGAH LSFGALMžŸ?LMbpVSgR R pbLG u)Lm@VLSFUDWIMJALm@ƒnI>GAOpVS k G Lm@9R SqpbpbLCFGˆ †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALG EG6JALG
zor Ÿ?Lm@VH Er GAHLG {myNSFM9U9WALG }CFEM9MbLG k JALm@†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ NLmHS k GALG^‘$SFG JALGALG R EGIUDWAL }CFEMVMbLG GISgU9Wp
jk @9O k R RKLG^‘ y0Lm@9JILGlHLmŸI@9E>U9Wpo>IR JISqLnI>IGIOpVS k GILGl{> M9U9W EPr pb{mLG^ˆ?œžSqL ,@ >Ar t€>IGAHMbHLmŸSFLmpbLR >Ir MVMbLG H>ApN>IGJ
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jk G EGIJILm@VLG ŸCFE>ALG nC!Er U9WALG‘3yoSqL {>IR u)LSFMbš SqLC jk G6œKEr R RKLGˆ GIJALm@9Lm@9MbLSqpVMoy0Lm@DJALG OCqLSgGAL nCb>Ir M9MbL >IGJ
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J >Ir GIGALG MVU9Wy$EP@V{mLG SFGISqLG^‘)OLGIGA{mLSgU9WIGALG&JSqL6<EGIJIMVpb@9E LG^ˆ#†‡G&JALm@l‰YSFpbpbL JALM u$SFCFJALMOPEGIG&R EG LSFGIL
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†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILGYLGpVWIECqpbLG O?k r GIGILG^“?{>IR u)LSFMbšSqLCXLmŸ2Er >IJAL‘JISqL ECFM ‹SFLJICF>IGAHM 2Er U9WAL|OCFEMVMVS {SqLm@Vp k JALm@ECFM
š k pbLGpVSqLCFCqL#}ƒLm@DGAL#t >Ir @JSqL-B,GpVMbpbLW>IGAHGAL>ALm@0‹ASqLJICF>IGIHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFU9WIL,Ÿ?Lmpb@9EU9WpbLmp,y)Lm@9JALG O k r GIGpbLG^ˆ oŸIŸˆ >IGJ
{mLSqHLG o>MVMVU9WGISqpbpbLTJALm@|ŸSFGEPr @VLG u$SFCFJALm@ ‡LJALm@ }CFEM9MbLˆ >At-JISqLMbLGu)SgCFJALm@9G WEPŸ3LGŠJISqL †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG
LSgGAL ŸSFG EPr @9Lu)LJAL>IpV>IGAHA“,B0Gpy0LJALm@’HLW k r @Vp JIEM ,SLC#{>I@T}CFEMVMVL k JALm@ GISFU9Wpmˆ,œž>A@9UDW JISFLMbLlœžEP@9MbpbLCFCF>GAH
O k r GIGALG SFJALm@9Mbš@ >Ir U9WIL LGpVMbpbLWALG^ˆ^B,SgG wxLm@VHCFLSFU9W {myNSgMVU9WALG JALG nC Er U9WILG6ER zot…Lm@žJILM oS k J k M‹SFG k ME>At
JILm@ oŸIŸˆ E >IGIJ Y{mLSqHpm‘JIE LSFGŠ,SLCECFM RKLWA@VLm@9LG}CFEM9MbLG {>AHLW k r @9SqHlOCFEMVMVS{SqLm@Vpƒy)Lm@9JALGOQEGIGˆ
=^>IR u)LSFMbšSqLC‘)yoSq@9J JISqL H@ >Ir GILG nC Er U9WALŠER >IGpbLm@VLG CFSFGIOLG&B,UVOLŠJALMlu$SFCFJALM M k y k WIC jk G JILm@ }CFEMVMVL
‹>IRKšt›HLmŸSFLmp Y>IRKt€E p ECFM E>IU9W jk G JALm@ } CFEMVMbL wxLmHLmpVEPpVS k G ˆ-œžEM’CFSqLmHp’JIEP@9EG^‘)JIE ŠJISFL B@VOLGG>IGIH
bLJALm@ žŸ ‡LmOpbOCFEMVMbL>IGEPŸW Er GAHSqH jk GlJILm@NEGIJALm@VLGlLm@Vt k CFHpN>IGIJJISqL} k G SqOpbLƒGISFU9Wp-HLC k r MVp-y0Lm@DJALG^ˆ
œžSqL SFJALm@9MVšI@ >Ir UDWAL’JILm@KŸSFG EPr @VLGu$SFCFJALm@KMVSgGIJŠ,@ k JI>AOpbL’JALm@KLSgGAt…EUDWALG ‰ k JALCgCFSqLm@9>IGIHYJALm@ Ÿ bLmOpbL~€oSqLm@
yo>A@9JALGTLSFGAt€EU9WALwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG’{>A@#B@VOLGG>IGIH JALm@ Ÿ bLmOpbLEGAHLmy)LGIJALmpD‚DˆA‰YLWA@#ECFM)LSFGALžu)LJAL>ApV>IGAH|t >Ar @,LSFG
0SLC{>Lm@9CgE>AŸ?LGžy EPr @VL,pb@ k pb{JALR SgGR EGIUDWALG n Er CFCqL0GISFU9WpHEGA{0t…ECgMVU9W^‘ JALGIGJISFL,u k JALGŸ?LJALUVO>IGAHoSFMbp<GISgU9Wp
W k R k HLG^ˆ œžEPHLmHLG MVSFGJR EGIUDWAL,} k R ŸSFGIEPpVS k GALGGISFUDWpC k HSFMVUDW^‘yNSqL,{>IR u)LSFMbš SqLCPLSFGAL,CgEGIJAyNSq@9pVMVU9WIEPt…pVCFSFUDWAL
nC Er UDWAL SFG JILm@‹pVEJApmˆ
œžSqL} k GpV>A@VLG’JALm@)nC Er UDWALGR Sqp)‰Y>IMVpbLm@9G M9SFGIJTM9U9WyNSqLm@9SqH E>IM)LSFGALR LSgGA{SqHLG ŸSFG EPr @VLG u$SFCFJ {> Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R LG^ˆ
B0SFGYX@D>IGIJt >Ar @NJISqLM9U9Wy)EUDWAL oŸIH@VLGI{>IGAHTSFMVpm‘IJIE JISFLƒH@9EPšWISFM9U9WALGlB0CqLRKLGpbLHLmpb@VLGIGpLm@VOQEGGp-y)Lm@9JALGˆ
NŸIŸ
SFCFJI>IGIH A“ u$SFG EPr @VLM#B@VHLmŸ GISFMbŸSgCFJ JILm@-}EP@VpbLGALm@VOLGG>IGIHA“IH@ >Ir GALnC Er UDWALG^ˆ
žŸy k WIC#JISqL EGIJILm@VLG ŸbLmOpbL †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GILG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ JISqL X@VLGA{mLG JALm@ nC Er U9WALG R Sqp ‰ >IMbpbLm@9G LGpVWIECqpbLG^‘
y)Lm@9JALG MVSqL)SFG JALG LSFGA{mLCFGILG|‹UDWA@9SqpbpbLG JALMB,@VOLGIG>IGAHM j Lm@9t…EWA@9LGIM<GISgU9Wp<Ÿ?Lm@>Ir U9OMVSgU9WpVSqHpmˆ @ k pb{JALR yN>A@9JILG
JSqL X@VLGI{mLG JISFLMbLm@ }CgEMVMbLG7H>IpTHLMVUDW EPr pb{mpmˆoCgM u)LSFMbš SqLC#O k r GIGALG JSqL nC Er U9WILG JILM’‹>IR šIt›HLmŸ SqLmpbLMTJALm@
oŸIŸˆ EY>IGIJ6JISFLKŸ3Lmy$ECFJALmpbLG H@>Ir GALG nC!Er UDWALGER k Ÿ?Lm@VLG6@VLUDWpbLGŠB,UVO JILm@ NŸŸˆ HLGIEGGpy)Lm@9JALGˆ
œLm@ O@9SqpVSFMVUDWALTnIECgC0SFMVp JIEMK‹>IRKšIt…HLmŸSqLmpm‘JALGIGMVLSFGAL ‰ >IMbpbLm@ MVSFGJMbLWA@ y0LSFp jk GALSgGIEGIJALm@ LGpbt…Lm@9Gpm‘2>IGJ
MVLSFGALX@9LGA{mLG’y0Lm@9JILG k t…p)SFGpbLm@Vš k CFSqLm@9pmˆ oGJALm@9MbLSqpVM0CFSqLmHLG JISqLN‰ >IMbpbLm@$JALm@)Ÿ3Lmy$ECFJALmpbLG’nC Er U9WILG MbLWI@)JISgU9Wp
Ÿ?LSFEPLSgGIEGIJALm@‘y)LMVWIECqŸ JSqLƒ} k GpV>I@VLG HLGIE>ALm@JAL GISFLm@Vp0y)Lm@9JALGlO k r GIGILG^ˆ
œžSqL) k MVSqpVS k G|JALm@‹pb@9E LG yN>A@9JAL0R SqpbpbLCFMLSFGALm@@9EMbpbLm@VŸEM9SqLm@VpbLGK‹OLCqLmpbpVSqLm@9>GAHoJALm@2SFGIGALm@9LG Er >RKL,{myNSgMVU9WALG
š EP@9ECFCqLCqLG SFGISqLGŸ?LMbpVSgR R pmˆ œSFLMbL ‰YLmpVW k JIL yNSq@DJ SFGlJALm@NJSqHSqpVECqLGlu$SFCgJ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGIH k t…p-Ÿ?LG>Apb{mp ~€u Er MVM‡v
RTEGIG u0LM9MVCFSFUDW ” ‚Dˆ oŸ3Lm@s‘QyoSqL)M9U9W k G SgG|u)@ >Ir HLCFR EGIG ” Lm@9y Er WIGp2yoSq@9J^‘QCFSqLmHpLSFG H@ k Lm@ EU9WpbLSFC
JILm@)‹OLCqLmpbpVSqLm@D>IGAHƒSFG JALm@} EP@VpbLGALm@VOLGIG>IGAHJEP@9SFG^‘JIE JSqL-‰YSFpbpbLCFEU9WIMVL ~‹OLCqLmpbpD‚G>A@xLSgGAL NššI@ k ASFR EPpVS k G
JILm@EPŸIHLmpVEMbpbLmpbLGSFGISqLG JIEP@9MVpbLCFCqpmˆ^œž>A@9U9W6JSqL oGIEC k HPv!œSFHSqpVECqLmy$EGIJICF>IGIH LGpVMbpbLWALG nILWICqLm@>IGIJ ->Ir UVOLG^ˆ
œžSqLMVš EPr pbLm@VL ošIšI@ k SgR EPpVS k G JI>A@DU9W LSFGIt…EUDWAL}>A@ j LGlyNSq@9J’y)LSqpbLm@9WISFG J>A@9U9W JSqLƒwxLm@9MVUDWIRKLCq{>IGIH RKLWA@VLm@VLm@
SFGISqLGMbp >Ir UVOLž>IGIJJI>I@9U9WJISqL -LJ>AOpVS k G’JILm@-,>IGAOpbLJISFUDWpbLƒJALm@#>A@DMbšI@ >Ir GIHCFSFU9WILGT<SgGISqLG j Lm@Vt Er CgMVU9Wpmˆ XLm@9EJAL
JSqL <SFGSqLG JALM ‹pb@9E LGGALmpb{mLM M9SFGIJ t >Ar @M k CFUDWALTnALWICFLm@ EGAt Er CFCFSqHAˆ^œžSqLTB pb@DEPOpVS k GMbLm@VHLmŸGISgMVMbLKy)Lm@9JALG GISgU9Wp
E>ItJILm@9EP@VpVSqHL|nALWICqLm@ž>IGpbLm@9MV>IUDWpmˆ3œoLM9WIECqŸYWEPpoJIEMoB@VHLmŸGSFM-GISFUDWpJISqL MVLR EGpVSgMVU9WAL|u)LJAL>ApV>IGAH Q‹pb@DE L kMVpbJALLmCFCq@ LG ‹O pb@9E GIGLpbGILGAGLmˆ,pbu)
{ L‘,MVMbM Lmk @TGIJAHLLmM9@9EPGŠHpmL‘,MKLWIM EGIyoJA>AL@9CFJAp|L MVSgGIU9WSFUDWGp >I>I@ Ÿ3>LmR @9šI@ >ASFt…GIpmSq‘ LGŸ SFGJISqJALLmMb@Ll}SFEPGI@VSqpbLLG ‘xJIMVSFSFGL’G JIEMTCFCFL ‹pb‹@9pbE @DE LGILGAG7LmpbŸ{lSFCgJAJILEPG^@Vv ˆ
r
r k
kr
jk
LJ k U9W @VLSFUDWpJEMƒB@VHLmŸGSFMžE>IMm‘?†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ƒJISqL R k r HCFSFUDWALK<EPHLTR EGU9WALm@ Ÿ ‡LmOpbLKEPŸI{>ICqLSqpbLGˆ
=^>IR u)LSFMVšSqLCOQEGIG R EG SFGy0LSFMVL >Ar Ÿ?Lm@ƒ‹SqLJICF>GAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFUDWAL JI>A@DU9W JISqL W k WALK} k GA{mLGpb@9EPpVS k G jk G ‹pb@9E LG
SgG R EGIU9WILG -LmHS k GILGlJALm@N}EP@9pbL EPŸCqLSqpbLGˆ
B0SFG u$SFCFJ&JALMHLMVER pbLG <LMbpbHLmŸ SqLmpbLM SFMVplMbLWA@ H@ k E>It›H@9>GIJ JALm@lW<k r WALG&@QEr >IR CFSFUDWALG o> 2k r MV>IGAHAˆN=?>I@
wxLm@DEP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAH JALM NEMbpbLm@VŸ SFCFJALMžJALm@ } EP@VpbL yN>A@DJAL LM SFG {my)LS,u$SFCFJILm@HLmpbLSgCqpm‘LSFG k Ÿ?Lm@VLM >IGIJ LSFG >GpbLm@VLM
u$SFCgJ^ˆœžSqLMbLNLSFCF>IGIHžWEPpbpbLon k CqHLG‘ jk @$ECFCqLR;Ÿ?LSIJALm@0B@VOLGIG>IGAHJILm@$‹pb@9E LGˆœžSqLNJ k šIš?LCqpbLo‹OLCqLmpbpVSqLm@9>IGIH
LSgGISqHLm@ ‹pb@9E LG j Lm@9>I@9MVEU9WpbL J k šIš?LCqpbL <SgGISqLG SFR zNr Ÿ?Lm@9CFEPšš>IGAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSgU9W {myNSgMVU9WALG Ÿ?LSFJALG u$SFCFJALm@DG^ˆ œžSqLMbL
nILWICqLm@)O k GIGpbLGR SFp0SFCqt…LoJALm@$R EPpVWALR EPpVSgMVU9WALG’‰ k @VšW k C k HSFL j Lm@VŸ?LMVMVLm@Vp,y)Lm@9JALG^ˆœžEMN‹pb@9E LGIGALmpb{yN>A@DJAL
{>ILm@9MbpE>IMbHLJILWIGp>GIJ6JIEGIEUDW6yNSqLJALm@žLm@ k JISqLm@9pm‘>IR JISqL @VLJI>GIJIEGpbLG SFGISqLG R SFpžJILG6G<Er U9WIMVpVCFSqLmHLGIJALG
SFGISqLG {> j Lm@9M9U9WIRKLCF{mLG^ˆ2œžSqLMVL GIEUDWpb@ EPr HCgSFU9WAL u)Lm@VLSFGSqH>IGAH JILm@ <SgGISqLG6Lm@Vt k CqHp >IGAO k Gpb@ k CFCFSFLm@Vp >IGIJ OQEGIG
GILmHEPpVS j L Sq@VO>IGAHLG E>AtJISqLƒHLGIE>IL œL GISqpVS k G JILm@N<SFGSqLGWIEPŸ?LG ~€u0@ >Ar HLCFR EGIG ” ‚Dˆ
>IMƒJALm@ƒMbpb@9LGAHLG œžEP@9MbpbLCFCg>IGAHJALm@ƒŸSFG<EPr @9LGYu$SFCFJILm@yo>A@9JALG GAL>ALKu$SFCFJALm@žR SqpžLSFGILR MVEGAt…pbLm@VLG zNr Ÿ?Lm@VHEGIH
{myoSFMVU9WILG w k @DJALm@VH@9>IGJ >IGJTSFGpbLm@9H@9>IGIJ Ÿ?Lm@VLU9WIGILmpm‘HLR E r JILG’SgR }EPš SqpbLC^•Ÿ?LMVUDWA@9SqLmŸ?LGALG ‰ LmpVW k JALG^ˆ
>IMVM9U9WIGISFpbpbL-JISqLMbLm@u$SFCFJILm@xy0Lm@9JILG SFG oŸIŸˆ •ƒ>IGJ HLm{mLSqHpmˆœLm@ zNr Ÿ?Lm@VHEGAH MbpbLCFCqpJISFL$zGIMVSgU9WALm@9WILSqp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@
JSqLžHLGIE>AL  k MVSqpVS k GlJALm@X@9LGA{mL JIEP@ˆ
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srs `
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oŸIŸSFCgJI>IGAH
!! ! $
“ u)SgG EPr @VL#B@VHLmŸ GISFMbŸSgCFJALm@JILm@}EP@VpbLGALm@VOLGG>IGIHA“A~€E‚,‹>IRKšIt…HLmŸSqLmpm‘A~…Ÿ3‚ E M‡v
MbLm@s‘<~€Us‚N‹pb@9ELGGALmpb{ >IGIJ ~€J3‚#‹SqLJICF>GAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFUDWALˆ
oŸIŸSFCgJI>IGAH
•“#B@VHLmŸ GISFMTJILm@’nI>I{m{S{SqLm@9>GAH LSFGALM ŸSFG EPr @VLG u$SFCFJILMm“o~€E‚ >A@9Mbš@ >Ir GAHCFSgU9WALM
u$SFCFJ“H@>Ir GALnC!Er U9WILG~…Ÿ3‚$nI>I{m{v!u$SFCFJˆ
œLm@wxLm@VHCqLSFUDW {myNSgMVU9WALG NŸIŸ<ˆ U,>IGJ NŸŸˆ QU{mLSFHpm‘ JIEJISqLxHLGIE>AL)u)LMbpVSFR R|>IGAHNJILm@2‹pb@9ELG|SFGIGALm@DWIECqŸ
JILm@K‹SFLJICF>IGAHMVŸ3Lm@9LSFU9WALKGISgU9Wp jk GH@ k Lm@Ku)LJAL>ApV>IGAH SFMbpm‘2JIE JI>I@9U9WŠJISqL W k WAL SFGISqLGAO k GI{mLGpb@9EPpVS k GJISqLMVL
NLmHS k GALG jk G †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G >Ar Ÿ?Lm@3>ApbLmp<y)Lm@9JALG^ˆœLm@HLm@9SgGAHL NŸMVpVEGIJ {myNSFMVUDWALG JALGK<SgGISqLG Lm@V{mL>AHpW k r WALm@9L
6Lm@9pbL$SgG JALGK=3yNSFM9U9WALGA@ Er >IRKLG^‘M k JIE JALm@HLGE>AL0wxLm@DCFE>AtIJALm@<SFGSqLGƒOLSFGAL0H@ k L$wxLm@ Er GIJALm@D>IGAHNŸ?LJAL>IpbLG
y >Ar @9JALˆœžEMNSFMbp$GISFUDWp-JILm@-nIECFC^E> Lm@9WECqŸlJALm@#Ÿ?LMVSqLJALCFpbLG’nC Er UDWALG^‘ISFGJALGILGt…ECFM9U9WALž†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALG GISgU9Wp
jk GYEGIJALm@VLG SFGISqLG j Lm@VŸ?LMVMVLm@Vp-y)Lm@9JALGO^k r GIGALG^ˆ
oŸIŸˆ Ÿ {mLSqHpm‘IJIE KJISFLƒX@9LGA{mLG JALM NS k J k M-‹SgG k M)t›LWICFLm@9WIEPt…p,Lm@VOPEGIGp)yo>A@9JALG^ˆœžSqLžwxLm@9MVU9WRKLCq{>IGAHKJALm@
‰ >IMbpbLm@$>IGIJ JALR1n2Cg> j Lm@9>I@9MVEU9Wp$OCFLSFGAL‹š Sqpb{mLGTEG’JALG Er GIJALm@DGTJALM$nCF>IMVMVLMmˆ 6LGIGJISqLNHLGIE>ALžB@VOLGv
G>IGAHJALMžnCF>IMVMVLM jk G †‡GpbLm@VLMVMbLKy EPr @9L‘?M k CFCqpbLG JISqLMbLKzGAHLGIE>ISqHOLSFpbLGYŸ?Lm@VLSgGISqHpNy)Lm@9JALGˆ^LJ k U9W MbšSqLCFLG
M9SqLƒŸ?LS^JALm@NzR y$EGIJICF>GAHKJALM#ŸSFG EPr @VLGu)SgCFJALM#SFGLSFG >IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LM#u)SgCFJLSFGALMbLmO>IGIJ EPr @VL k CFCqLT~ oŸIŸˆ Ÿ?‚Dˆ
œžSqL>GIMVU9WEP@Vt›LœžEP@9MVpbLCFCF>IGAHKJALm@oB@VHLmŸGSFMVMbLƒJALm@N} EP@VpbLGALm@VOLGIG>IGAHKyo>A@9JALƒSFR oEMbpbLm@Vt k @9R EPp-HLMVš3LSgU9WALm@Vpmˆ
B0M)HSqŸIp -LmHS k GALG‘SgG JALGILG OLSgGALž†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GT{>A@$wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGIH|MbpbLWpmˆIœžSqLMbLƒ,SLC HLW k r @VLGLGp!y)LJALm@-{>IR
SFGpbLm@VH@9>IGJ k JALm@ž{>6EGIJALm@VLG GISgU9WpoŸ?Lm@ >Ir U9OM9SFU9WpVSqHpbLG OPEP@Vp k H@9EPšWISgMVU9WALG B0CqLRKLGpbLG^ˆ^œSFL|†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G
JSqLMbLm@,SLCE>M2JILm@†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G|JALm@x}EP@VpbL$SFMbp>IGIR k r HCgSFU9W^‘ y0LSgCOLSFGIL)SFGy0LSFMVL0{>A@2wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGAHžMbpbLWALG‘QJISFL
LSgGALB0GpVM9U9WALSFJ>IGAH >IGpbLm@DMbpP>Ar pb{mLGO^k r GIGpbLGˆœžSqLM$O k RTR p-MbLWI@$WEr > H jk @‘IJIE LSFGALƒ}EP@VpbLžLSFGAL j Lm@VLSFGIt…EUDWpbL
~€SFO k GISFMVUDWAL ‚#œžEP@9MbpbLCgCF>IGAH’JALm@ž‹{mLGIL|SFMVpm‘ SFGYJALm@ j SqLCqL OCqLSgGAL B,SgGA{mLCFWALSqpbLG j Lm@9GIEU9WC Er MVMVSqHpy)Lm@9JALG^‘3>IR(LSFGIL
Ÿ?LMVMVLm@VLLMbŸ EP@VOLSqpJILM^H@9EPšWISgMVU9WALG œ k O>IRKLGpVM{>Lm@V@VLSgU9WALG’~XLGALm@9ECFSgMVSqLm@9>IGIH‚Dˆ B0M<SFMVp<JALMby)LmHLG MVSgGIG jk CgC ‘
JSqLMbL >r UVOLGlR SFp >ICFC ~…OLSFGALR oSFGy)LSFM#t >Ar @#LSFGALƒŸ?LMbpVSFR pbL}CFEM9MbL ‚)SFG ECFCqLG B,Ÿ?LGALG JIEP@V{>IMVpbLCFCqLG^ˆ
_
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œžSqL R|>ICqpVSFMVš3LmOpb@9ECqL’}CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GLSgGALMK<EGIJMVEPp‡v!-‰ u$SFCgJALM JALMTXLmŸSqLmpbLM yN>A@9JAL’HLR Er JALMK,@9SFGA{SFšM
JILM0‰ ESgR >IRKv!<SqOLCFSgW kk JvwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGMJI>A@9UDWAHLmt >Ir WA@VpmˆœžEP{>’yN>A@DJALG JA@VLS3}EG Er CFLoJISqLMVLM)‹MbpbLR M0Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpm“
N‰ ‘-‰ ~…†+GIt›@9EP@ k pD‚x>IGIJT-‰ ~‹SFUDWpbŸEP@s‘@ k pD‚Dˆ<@9ESgGISFGAHMbHLmŸ SqLmpbL-R Sqpp š SFMVU9WILGTMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPtgv
pbLG&JILm@EGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHMVOCFEM9MbLG yo>A@9JALG E>IMbHLmy Er WCqpm‘#>IGIJ E>IM JISqLMbLG 0SLCgG yN>I@9JALG JISqL G k p!y)LGIJISqHLG
MVpVEPpVSFMbpVSFMVUDWALGlEP@9ERKLmpbLm@K~€‰ SqpbpbLCqy)Lm@Vp j LmOp k @ž>IGIJ } ksj EP@9SFEGA{R EPpb@DSI‚0t >Ar @ bLJAL }CgEMVMbLƒŸ?Lm@VLU9WGALmpmˆ
œžEM-XLmŸSFLmp0SFMbp)JI>A@9UDW LSFGILNwžSqLCqt€ECqp jk G<EGIJG>Apb{>GAHLG HLmšI@ EPr Hpmˆ R NEGIJALoLSFGALm@ o>Ip k ŸEWIG’CFEMVMbLG MVSFU9W
JIL>ApVCFSFUDW ‹ASqLJICF>IGIHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFU9WIL-Lm@VOLGIGALGˆœžSqLMVLn2C Er U9WALGlM9SFGIJ’SFG JALm@ -LmHLCGSFU9Wp-W k R k HLG^‘IM k GIJALm@9G’LM#yNSF@9J
oŸIŸSFCgJI>IGAH
!! ! $
“B@9HLmŸGISFM AJ Lm@|n>A{m{S{SqLm@D>IGAHYJILm@|Ÿ SFG EPr @VLGŠu)SgCFJALm@“$~€E‚|‹A>IRKšIt…HLmŸSqLmpm‘$~…Ÿ3‚
EMVMVLm@‘~€Us‚N‹pb@9ELGIGALmpb{ >IG J ~€J ‚#‹SqLJCF>IGAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSgU9WALˆ
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LSgGALH@ k r Lm@VL wEP@9SgEPpVS k GYJILm@žX@9E>y)Lm@VpbL|J>A@9U9WYJISqL|‰YSFM9U9W>IGAHTJALm@ ŸbLmOpbL’~€‰ SFMVU9WIšSLC›‚)Lm@V{mL>AHpmˆ3†‡GlLSFGALm@
‹pVEJAp MVSFGJ6M k y k WIC#XLmŸ Er >IJAL vV‘wxLmHLmpVEPpVS k GIM Er U9WALG ECFM E>IU9WŠ>IG j Lm@DMVSqLmHLCqpbL’n2C Er U9WALG j Lm@Vpb@VLmpbLG^ˆ o>It›H@9>GIJ
JILm@ OCqLSFGALG ŸbLmOpVJISgRKLGIMVS k GILG7MVSFGIJ JISqLMbL B,CqLRKLGpbLYSgG7LSFGALR LSFGA{SFHLG ,SLCoGISFU9WpT{> pb@VLGGALG >IGJ
y)Lm@9JALG6JILMVWIECqŸ R SFpLSgGALR LSFGA{SqHLGX@9E>y0Lm@VpJEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆ<@ k pb{JILR CFEMVMbLG6M9SFU9WŠ‹ASqLJICF>IGIHM Er U9WILGYR SFp
HLR LSFGIMVERKLGŠ‰ Lm@9OR ECFLG^‘<yNSFL {>IR u)LSFMVšSqLCMbpVEP@9O j Lm@9MVSqLmHLCqpbLnC Er U9WILGŠ>IGJ nC Er U9WALGGISqLJI@9SqHLm@ œžSFUDWpbL‘
>GpbLm@9M9U9WALSFJILG^ˆAœSFLž} CqLSFGAHCFSFLJALm@9>IGAHA‘y0LCFUDWALSFGIMVŸ3LM k GIJALm@VLoOCqLSgGALm@VLŸI@9EMVSFCgSFEGISFMVUDWALG’‹p Er JApbLGlE>IMb{mLSgU9WIGALmpm‘
MVšSqLmHLCqp MVSFUDW&JI>A@9UDW >IG j Lm@DMVSqLmHLCqpbL6nC Er U9WILG EG ‹pVEJApb@ Er GJALm@9G >IGIJ SFG GAL>ALG ‹pVEJApbpbLSFCqLG yNSgJALm@ˆ oCFCFLSFG
E>It›H@9>GIJTJALm@$Mbš?LmOpb@9ECqLG’‹ASqHGIEPpV>A@)MVSFGIJ JISqLMbLn2CEr U9WALGMVUDWy)Lm@ jk G’EGJALm@VLG’n2CEr U9WALG^‘E> Lm@9WECqŸ’JILm@#‹SFLJv
Cg>IGAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFUDWAL‘{> pb@VLGIGILG^ˆ
†‡G JALm@ Er WAL JALM NS k J k M ‹SgG k MžyNSq@9J LSgGAL SFGpbLGIMVS j L CFEGJAyNSq@VpVM9U9WIEPt…pVCFSFUDWALKu k JALGIG>Apb{>IGIH Ÿ3Lmpb@DSqLmŸ?LG^ˆ^œSFL
NLmHS k GKLSqHGILmp,MVSFUDWKŸ?LM k GIJALm@9Mt >Ar @ NLSFMVEGŸE>^ˆœžSqL-CFEGIJIyNSq@VpVMVUDWIEPt…pVCFSFU9WILG|nC Er UDWALG CFEM9MbLG MVSFUDW JIEWALm@SgG {my0LS
H@ k L }CFEM9MbLGLSFGpbLSFCqLG^“ -LSgMVEGŸ E>~…Ÿ?Lmy Er MVMbLm@VpD‚#>IGIJEGIJALm@VL }>ICqpV>A@9LG^ˆ
2EPŸ?LCFCqL • {mLSqHpNLSFGIL|=?>IMVERTRKLGAt€EMVMV>IGAH JILm@o}CFEM9MbLG^‘IJISqL E>IMNJALR <EGIJMVEPp‡v!-‰ ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJ’Lm@9R SqpbpbLCFp
yo>A@9JALG^ˆ oŸIŸˆ K{mLSFHpNJIEM-B,@VHLmŸGISFM#JILm@-‰YEASFR|>IR v!<SFOLCFSFW kk JAv!}CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k G^ˆ
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M9ER RKLGAHLmt€Epm‘A>IGIJTJSqLo}CgEMVMbLG EMVMbLm@‘ ECFJ ‘ ‹SFLJICF>IGAHMVŸ3Lm@9LSFU9WAL
‘ -LSFM ž>IGIJ EGIJAyNSq@9pVMVU9WIEPt…p yo>A@9JALG SFG HLmpb@VLGGpbLGBŸ?LGALG HLMbš?LSFUDWALm@VpmˆœE|JIEM)B@VHLmŸ GISFM,JILm@)R|>ICqpVSFMVš3LmOpb@9ECqLGT}CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k G LSFGIJIL>v
pVSFHžSgMbpyo>A@9JALG MVSqL$GISFUDWpxJISF@VLmOp2Ÿ?LG>Ipb{mpmˆ‹pVEPpbpJALMVMbLG yN>I@9JALG|>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…L$‰YLGAHL-E>IMxJILm@œžSFUDWpbLmt€>IGAOpVS k GALG
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pVS k G E>MJILm@}EP@VpbL yN>A@9JILG SFR t k CqHLGIJALG ‹UDWA@9SqpbpšEMVMbLGJAL NLmHLCFG6JAL GSqLm@Vpmˆ œžSqLMVL NLmHLCFG MbpbLCFCqLG LSFGIL
u)Lm{SqLW>IGAH6{myoSFMVU9WILG JALG oSFGy)LSFMbLG >IGIJ JALR HLmy >Ir GIMVUDWpbLG7B,@VHLmŸGISgM|JEP@ˆ 6LSqpbLm@9WISFG j Lm@9ŸSFGIJALGJISqLMVL
NLmHLCFG nIEPOpbLG^‘2JISqLKSFG6JALG6>IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICgSFU9WALG B,Ÿ3LGILG6JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpƒy0Lm@9JILG^‘R Sqp ‹UDWICF> t k CqHLm@9>GAHLG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@
JSqLƒ}CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k G’JILMN,SLCFMˆ
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O k R ŸSFGSqLm@VLG6†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALGŠE>IM JILR ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJ >IGIJJALm@|} EP@VpbL‘EGIJILm@VLTŸ?LG>Apb{mLGG>A@ LSgGAL LSFGA{SFHL
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2EPŸ?LCFCqL “ NLmHLCFG t >Ar @’JSqL } CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G JALMlXLmŸSqLmpVM >R JSqL ‹pVEJIpl‹AEPš>IUmESFEJ k ‹>IC ˆ$oSgGy)LSFMbLYt >Ar @s“
‹Az “‹SqLJICg>IGAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFUDWALSFR ‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJ ‹ “ NLSFMžSFR ‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJ ‹ “ ECgJ SgR ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJ ‹Auo“
‹A>IRKšIt…HLmŸSqLmpTSgR ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJ0‹,“0EGIJAyNSq@9pVMVU9WIEPt…pTSFR ‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJ0‹ “ EMVMbLm@ SFR ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJ
‰ z “‹SqLJICg>IGAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFUDWAL0E>It?JILm@,}EP@VpbL ‰ “ ECFJTE>It3JALm@0}EP@VpbL ‰ u“‹>IR šIt›HLmŸ SqLmpxE>At3JILm@,}EP@VpbL ‰ “
EM9MbLm@oE>AtJALm@N} EP@VpbL ‰6‹3“3‹pb@9E LGGALmpb{ E>AtJALm@N}EP@9pbL  “I k OPECqL  k R k HLGISqpsEPr pmˆ
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0>IGAOpbLoSFMVp0GISFUDWp0@VLmšI@ Er MVLGpVEPpVS j t >Ar @$JISqLXžLMVER pVWILSqp#JALm@$‹{mLGILˆ CFM0Lm@9MbpbL Er WALm@D>IGAH y)Lm@9JALG’JISqLo>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…L
‰YLGAHLG7E>M LSFGALm@KŸ?LMVU9WI@ Er GAOpbLGR LGIMVU9WCFSFU9WILG oGIEC MbL EPŸIHLCFLSqpbLmpm“B,M y)Lm@9JALG JISFLB,@Vt€EWA@9>IGAHLGŠLSFGALM
R LGIMVU9WCFSFU9WILG š?Lm@9EPp k @DMRTSqp k ?LGIMVSgU9WpVCFSFU9WILG6B,SqHLGIM9U9WIEPt…pbLG6JALm@ƒu$SFCFJALm@žECFMLm@9MbpbL Er WALm@9>IGAH j Lm@Vy)LGIJALmpmˆ
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š?Lm{mLMHLmHLG >Ir Ÿ3Lm@xJALR;œ@VLSFLUVO CFSqLmHpJIEP@9SFG^‘QJIE ƒLMxGISFUDWpG>A@LSFGALG ,>IGIOpm‘PM k GIJALm@DG t >Ar @LSFG|HEGA{mLMx†‡GpbLm@ j ECgC
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y)Lm@VpbL‘JALm@VLGTu)LJAL>IpV>IGAH GISgU9Wp0>IGŸ?LJISFGAHpxR Sqp,LSFGALm@Ÿ?LMbpVSFRTR pbLG } CFEMVMbL j Lm@9Ÿ>IGIJALGTSFMbpm‘y)Lm@9JALG R SqpxLSFGALm@
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 RTSqpbpbLC –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ–ˆ ˜P–ˆ<”Pˆ –ˆ2”Pˆ ”m––ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
 GSqLJA@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ<”Pˆ –ˆ<”Pˆ •P–ˆ3–ˆ ˜P––ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
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wxLm@9pbLSFCF>IGAH JISqLMbLm@6Lm@9pbL|SFMVpNGISFUDWpNW k R k HLG^‘ M k GIJALm@9G L pb@VLRKL 6Lm@VpbL‘3LGpy0LJILm@žGSqLJA@9SqH k JALm@oMVLWA@oW k U9W‘
O k RTRKLG k r t…pbLm@ jk @ˆœLMby0LmHLG y)Lm@9JALG G>A@{my)LSLm@9RKL-t >Ar @,JSqLMbL-CFSFGIH>ISFMbpVSFM9U9WALG|wEP@9SFEPŸ CqLG j Lm@Vy)LGIJALmpmˆœLm@
zor Ÿ?Lm@VHEGAH {myNSFM9U9WALG W k UDW ƒ>IGIJ sGSqLJA@9SqH SFMbp#MbLWA@-MVpbLSFCx~€EPŸˆ ‚)>GIJ G Er WALm@Vp#MVSFUDW JIER Sqp#JALm@$Ÿ kk CFLMVU9WALG
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HCFLSFU9WA{mLSFpVSqHK{> Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R LG^ˆ
2EPŸ?LCFCqL “AnI>A{m{v!nI>IGAOpVS k GALGlMVš3LmOpb@9ECqLm@$SFGy)LSFMbLˆ‹z “‹SqLJICg>IGAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSFUDW SFR(‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJ ‹ “ -LSFM#SgR
‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJ ‹ “ ECFJlSFR ‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJ ‹u“ ‹>IR šIt›HLmŸ SqLmp)SgR ‹EPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCgJ ‹,“I<EGIJIyNSq@VpVMVUDWIEPt…p$SgR
‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJ ‹ “ EMVMbLm@oSgR ‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJ^ˆ
nI>GAOpVS k G
š<” š ˜
š
š
š
‹ŠW k U9W
–ˆ–ˆ ˆ–ˆ ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹ŠGISqLJA@DSqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ<”Pˆ ˆ”Pˆ ”m–ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹ W k U9W
–ˆ–ˆ ” ˆ –ˆ ” ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹ GISqLJA@DSqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ<”Pˆ ” ˆ”Pˆ ” ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹ W k U9W
–ˆ–ˆ ˆ–ˆ ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹ GISqLJI@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ<”Pˆ
ˆ”Pˆ ”m–ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹u W k U9W
–ˆ–ˆ ” •ˆ –ˆ ” ˆ2”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹u GISFLJA@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ<”Pˆ ” •ˆ2”Pˆ ” ˆ –ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹z W k U9W –ˆ–ˆ ” ˆ –ˆ ˜P–ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹z GISqLJI@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ<”Pˆ –ˆ”Pˆ –ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹ W k U9W –ˆ–ˆ ˆ–ˆ ”m–ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
‹ GISqLJI@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ<”Pˆ ˆ”Pˆ ”m–ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ3–ˆ
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n A> r @0JISqL-†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GIMVLSFGIWALSqpbLG E>IM0JALm@0} EP@VpbL-O k R RKLG jk @0ECgCqLR;L pb@VLRKL 6Lm@9pbL jk @ˆœžEM,OPEGIG R EG E>At
JSqLou)Lm@VLUDWIG>GAH|JILm@$zGIMVSgU9WALm@9WILSqpVMby k CqOLGT>IR JISFLNLm@VOPEGIGpbLG’B0CqLRKLGpbLo{>I@ >Ir UVOt >Ir WA@VLG^ˆB,M)yNSq@9J EGAHLG k R v
R LG^‘JE|JISFLo<EPHLmHLGE>ISqHOLSqp#JALm@#}EP@VpbLH>Ap$SFMbpmˆ†+G’JISqLMVLR nIECgC @9LSFU9Wp0LM$E>IM$MVUDWIR ECqL-LmHS k GALG >R JISFL
} EP@VpbLGALCqLRKLGpbL jk {>IHLmŸ3LGˆ œžSqL nI>GAOpVS k GALGlJALm@CFSFGAH>ISgMbpVSFMVUDWALG Lm@9RKL|JALm@N}EP@9pbL y)Lm@9JALGlSFG EPŸ?LCFCqL ”m–
HLm{mLSFHpmˆ
2EPŸ?LCFCqLK”m–“ n>A{m{v!n>IGAOpVS k GALG JILm@-†+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALGlE>IMNJALm@N}EP@VpbLˆ ‰Yz “?‹SFLJICF>IGAHMVŸ3Lm@9LSFU9W’E>AtJALm@N}EP@VpbL ‰ “ ECFJ|E>AtAJALm@2}EP@VpbL P‰Yu“‹>IRKšIt…HLmŸSqLmpE>ItJILm@2}EP@9pbL ‰ “ EMVMbLm@E>AtIJALm@} EP@VpbL Q‰6‹3“‹pb@9E LGIGALmpb{
E>It2JALm@o}EP@VpbLˆ
nI>IGAOpVS k G
š<” š ˜
š
š
š
‰Yu&W k UDW
–ˆ–ˆ ” –ˆ3–ˆ ” ”Pˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ2”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰Yu&GSqLJA@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ”Pˆ ” ˆ2”Pˆ ” ˆ –ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰ ‹ MbLWA@NW k U9W –ˆ–ˆ ” ˆ3–ˆ ” ˜ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ2”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰ ‹ W k UDW
–ˆ–ˆ ” ˆ–ˆ ” P–ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ2”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰ ‹ GISqLJA@9SFH
–ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ”Pˆ ” ˆ2”Pˆ ” ˆ –ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰Yz MbLWI@-W k UDW –ˆ–ˆ ” ˆ3–ˆ ” ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ2”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰Yz W k U9W
–ˆ–ˆ ” –ˆ3–ˆ ” ˆ”Pˆ ” ˆ2”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰Yz GISFLJA@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ”Pˆ ” –ˆ”Pˆ ” ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰ W k U9W
–ˆ–ˆ ˆ –ˆ ” ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ2”Pˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
‰ GISFLJA@9SqH –ˆ–ˆ ”Pˆ”Pˆ ” ˆ”Pˆ ˜P––ˆ3–ˆ ˜P–A”Pˆ –ˆ
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œžSqL NŸŸˆ0•” MbpbLCFCqp LSFGAL }CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k G jk @s‘)JISFL R EG RTSqpTLRKš Sq@9SFMVUDWALG7nI>I{m{v!nI>GAOpVS k GALG Lm@DW Er Cqpmˆ0œžEM
B,@VHLmŸGISgM {mLSFHp j SqLCFL->Ir UVOLG SFG -LmHS k GILG^‘xSFG JALGALG LMKy)LGISqHLm@ SFGy0LSgMbLtD>Ar @ LSFGILl}CFEMVMVSOQEPpVS k GHEPŸˆ
œžSqLMVLl >Ir U9OLG pb@VLmpbLG7LWILm@ EG7CFEGIJAyoSq@VpVMVUDWIEPt›pVCgSFU9WALGnC Er U9WILG7E>At+‘xt >Ar @KJISFL’OLSgGAL †+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALG E>IMKJALm@
} EP@VpbL,EPŸIHLCqLSFpbLmp<y)Lm@9JALGƒO k r GIGALG^ˆ ‹ASqLxO k r GGpbLG R SqpJALm@†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GƒE>IM<JALR R >ICFpVSFMbš?LmOpb@DECqLGžu)SgCFJžLm@VH Er GA{mp
y)Lm@9JALG‘Ay0LGIG RTEG t >Ir @-JISqLMbL0SLC^JEM-B@VHLmŸ GISFM$JALm@N‰ ESgR >IRKv!<SqOLCFSgW kk Jv!}CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k G ECgM-JISqLžLSFGA{SFH
H >r CqpVSqHLƒ†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k G EGIGISgR R p~ oŸIŸˆ •˜‚Dˆ
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‚D‘WALCFCqH@>r G^“<EGIJIyNSq@VpVMVUDWIEPt…pm‘ŸCFE>“ EMVMbLm@‘MVUDWy$EP@V{“‹pb@9ELG^‘y)LS A“GSFU9Wp,OCFEMVMVS{SqLm@VpbLN0SLC ˆ
œžSqLŸ?LMVSqLJALCFpbLGTnC Er U9WILG Lm@DMVU9WALSFLG SFR1B@9HLmŸGISFMbŸ SFCFJ MbLWA@$W k R k HLG^ˆAœžSqL,SLC JILm@#‹pVEJIp & && (
~€>GpbLG CFSFGIOMSgR u$SFCFJ3‚žMVSFGIJŠGISFUDWp {mLm@9Mbpb@VL>Apm‘xM k GJALm@9G Ÿ SFCFJALG6LSgGAL O k R šEPOpbL nC!Er UDWALˆ2œžSqLMVL’B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt›p
t k CqHpƒE>IMžJALm@ƒEPŸIHLCqLSFpbLmpbLG }EP@VpbLGISgGAt k @DR EPpVS k G^ˆ o>IMžJALR wxLm@9HCqLSFU9W {myoSFMVU9WILG JILm@ž>I@9MbšI@ >r GAHCFSFUDWALGl}EP@VpbL
>GIJYJILR B@VHLmŸGSFMK~ NŸIŸ<ˆ?•˜‚yoSq@9J JAL>ApVCFSqHA‘?JIE JIEM EUDWIMbpV>IR JILm@‹pVEJApSFR GAL>ALG B@9HLmŸGISFMoLm@VOPEGIGp
y >Ar @9JALˆ
B0SFG u)LSFMVšSqLC2WISqLm@Vt >Ar @-Lm@VOLGGpƒR EG ER G r @9JICgSFU9WALG NEGIJ JALm@‹pVEJApmˆ^œžSqLMbL|wxLm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@9>GAHTpb@9SFpbpJAL>IpVCFSFU9WILm@
Ÿ?LSEGIJALm@VLG OCFLSFGALG ‹SFLJICF>IGAHMVŸ3Lm@9LSFU9WALGƒkRTSqpbpbLG SgR u$SFCFJ WALm@ jk @ˆPœ k @VpyoSq@9JJISFL,†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k G E>MJALm@}EP@VpbL
J>A@9U9WTJISqL#†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k G E>IM0JALG’‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJILm@9G Lm@9H Er GA{mpmˆœžEJI>I@9U9WTLGpVMbpbLWILG H@ k r Lm@VL‹SqLJCF>IGAHMbŸ?Lm@VLSgU9WAL
>R JISqL<EGJIMbpb@9ELˆ
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R LGyNSF@VOLGŸ?LSFJILm@ †‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GIM >ALCFCFLG6LGpVMVpbLWpmˆœžSqLnC Er U9WALG M9SFGIJ O k R šEPOpl~€B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt›p JALm@K}EP@VpbL ‚
>GIJ yN>A@9JALG {>AHCFLSFU9W RTSqpƒJALG †+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALG6JALm@ ‹EPpbLCgCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJALm@žEPOpV>IECFSFMVSFLm@Vpmˆ3œžSqLKwxLmHLmpVEPpVS k GIM Er UDWALG
yo>A@9JALGTOCqLSgGALm@‘>IGJ jk @#ECFCqLR ER1zot…Lm@)JALM oS k J k M#‹SFG k MOPEGIG RTEGTH@ k LžwxLm@ Er GJALm@9>IGAHLG’GIEUDWy)LSFMbLG^ˆ
nILWICqLm@ O^k r GIGALGSFG JALGŸ3Lmy$ECFJALmpbLGn2CEr U9WALGŠHLMbLWALGŠy0Lm@DJALG ~ k Ÿ?LG @VLUDWpVM|SFR NŸIŸ<ˆ<•”s‚Dˆ2œžSqLMbL n2CEr U9WALG
yo>A@9JALGžLGp!y)LJALm@x>IGpbLm@9MVU9W EPr pb{mpm‘QGISgU9Wp<OCFEMVMVS {SqLm@Vp k JILm@ECFMCFEGIJAyNSF@VpVMVU9WEPt›pVCFSgU9WALxnC Er U9WILGt€ECFMVU9W OCgEMVMVS{SFLm@Vp
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n>A{m{v!n>IGAOpVS k GALG|Lm@VOC!EPr @VLG^ˆPœžSqL)n>IGAOpVS k GALG y0Lm@9JILG E>IM2@VLSgGALG 0SLCgG SFGIGILm@9WIECqŸ JILm@2nC!Er UDWALGKEPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmpmˆ
œ k @VpNHSqŸIp#LM#OLSFGIL ‰YSgMVU9W>IGAHK{myNSgMVU9WALG }CFEMVMbLGˆ
œžSqLxH@ k LG  >r UVOLG SgR ‹>IRKšIt…HLmŸSqLmp~ NLSFMVEGŸE> ‚ O k r GIGALGJI>I@9U9WƒJISFL j EP@9SFLm@VLGIJALGžMbš?LmOpb@9ECqLGƒB,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLG
JILm@ -LSFMVEGŸE> Er U9WALG SFR EGIJIMVEPp‡v!u$SFCFJLm@VOC EPr @Vp y)Lm@9JALG^ˆxœžSqLMbL }CgEMVMbLOQEGG ECFM H@ >Ir GALnC Er U9WIL‘,u k JALG‘
t…L>IUDWpbLm@u k JALG k JALm@-t…L>IUDWpbL wxLmHLmpVEPpVS k GYE>It›pb@VLmpbLGˆ
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G {>I@u)LMbpVSFRTR >IGIH JALm@ž>IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LGYn>IGAOpVS k GALGlŸ SqLmpbLmpM9SFU9WYLSFGAL @VLU9WIGILm@9SFMVUDWAL GIG<Er WIL v
@D>IGAH R SFpbpbLCFMLSFGILM G>IRKLm@9SgMVU9WALG wxLm@Vt…EWI@VLGIMmˆ†+R NŸ MVU9WIGSqpbp ˆF” yN>A@9JILKLSFGAL žšIpVSFR SqLm@D>IGAHMVRKLmpVW k JAL {>A@
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} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G JALm@,SLCEGWIEGIJ JILm@2{>I@wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGIHMbpbLWILGIJALG|oSFGy)LSFMbL)Lm@9R SqpbpbLCFGˆ œžSqLMbL-‹U9WEPr pb{>IGAHt k CqHp
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yoSq@9J^ˆQœEPt >Ar @xSFMbp2LSFGAL$@9ESFGISFGIHMVRKLGAHL)R SqpJALm@y)EWA@9LG|} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G LSFGISqHLm@x0SLCG k r pVSqHAˆœLMby)LmHLGKyN>A@DJAL
LSgG OCqLSFGALMXLmŸSqLmpSFR u$SFCFJ7HLM9>IU9Wpm‘-SFG JILR JSqLY>IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICgSFU9WALG }CFEMVMbLG jk @9WIEGJALG M9SFGIJ >GIJ JISFL
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wEP@DSFEPpVS k G JALm@x‰ Lm@9OR ECFL$JIL>ApVCFSFUDW HLMVUDW EPr pb{mpy)Lm@9JALG|OPEGIG^ˆPB,SFGK‹ k CFCqŸ SFCFJƒLGpVMbpVEGIJKE>At…H@9>IGJ LSFGILm@ j SFMV>ALCgCqLG
†‡GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k G jk G }EP@9pbL‘ <EGJIMVEPp‡v!u$SFCFJ>GIJ ‹š k p‡v!u$SFCFJ^ˆ CFCqLx{>A@wxLm@Vt >Ar H>IGAH-MbpbLWILGIJALG ‰YLm@VOR ECqLy)Lm@9JALG
Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpm‘^>IR -LmHS k GALG R SqpžLSFGALm@ž@VLCFEPpVS j MVSFUDWALm@VLG6}CFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k GY{>6SFJALGpVS{SqLm@VLGˆ @9ESFGISFGIHMbHLmŸSqLmpbL|tD>Ir @
ECFJ >IGIJ EGIJAyNSF@VpVMVU9WEPt›p M9SFGIJ {SqLR CgSFU9W CqLSFU9Wp {> Lm@VOLGIGALG >IGIJ {> Ÿ3LmH@9LGA{mLG^‘ jk @ECFCqLR y0LGIG
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j SFMV>ILCFCqL†‡GpbLm@9šI@VLmpVEPpVS k G6JALMƒEGIJIMVEPp‡v!u$SFCgJALMoM9U9WyNSqLm@9SqHAˆ?@ k pb{JALR y$EP@žLMƒR k r HCFSFUDW^‘^MVSFU9WILm@VL NLmHS k GALG6E>IM
JILm@N}EP@VpbL >GIJ JALR ‹š k p‡v!u$SFCFJEPŸI{>CqLSqpbLG^ˆIB0M-SFMbp-MbLWI@#yNSFU9WpVSqHA‘JETJISqLƒ@9ESFGISFGIHMVRKLGAHLƒGISFUDWp-G>A@N0SLC
SgGŠW k R k HLGALG -LmHS k GILGŠLSgGIMVU9WCFSqL pm‘M k GIJALm@9G E>IUDW0SLC ‘JISFL’MVSgU9W E>At zor Ÿ?Lm@VHEr GAHLG{myNSFMVUDWALG }CFEMVMVLG
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{myoSFMVU9WILG OLSFGIL =?>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSqp >GIJ jk CFCFL|=?>AHLW k r @DSqHOLSqp ˆ œžSqLMVL u)Lm@VLSFUDWAL y)Lm@9JALG jk G JALG ‹LSqpbLGlJALm@
pb@DEPš3Lm{mt k r @9R SFHLGlnI>IGAOpVS k GALG JEP@VHLMbpbLCFCqpmˆ
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E>Mb@VLSFUDWALGIJ^ˆœE LM$MVSgU9W>IR ”• oJ bLmOpVS j LƒWIEGIJALCqpm‘ŸSFCFJILGTSFGIMVHLMVER p-• Ž$WI@ k R k M k RKLGJISFLoHLGALmpVSgMVU9WAL
Ÿ SFG EPr @VLƒ}ƒLmpbpbLˆ
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J>A@9U9WIHLmt >Ir WI@VpmˆAu0LS<LSFGALm@ " 2( 0" 5 jk G – 7 " TyN>A@DJALG SFGIMbHLM9ER po˜ GAL>AL 7 " TLm@V{mL>AHp
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pb@DECqLMx<@DEPš3Lm{$Lm@9MVLmpb{mpN~€EPŸˆA””s‚DˆœžSqLMVLMxGAL>Apb@9ECqL$@9EPš?Lm{$CgSqLmHpHLGIE>KSFG JALm@x‰YSFpbpbL-JALM2wEP@9SFEPpVS k GIMVŸ3Lm@9LSFU9WALM
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š@ >Ar t…pm‘ k Ÿ Q–@ k {mLGpJALm@TŸ?LMbpbLG " Er WIGICgSFU9W y$EP@VLG^ˆ)†‡G JISqLMVLR nIECFCoyNSq@DJ7EGAHLG k R R LG^‘0JIE
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ECgM-}ƒ@9SqpbLm@DSF>IR1HLmy Er WICqpmˆ3œžSqLEPŸ?LCFCFL ”˜ MbpbLCFCFp#LSFGAL =?>IM9ER RKLGAt€EMVMV>IGIH JILm@NEP@9ERKLmpbLm@ž{>A@‹pbL>ILm@9>IGAH JALM
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Lm@9t k CqHp SFGŠ{my0LSN‹AU9WA@9SFpbpbLG^ˆ=?>ILm@9Mbp|yN>A@9JAL LSFG ‹>IU9WIšI@ k {mL JI>A@9UDWAHLmt >r WA@Vpm‘SgGŠJALR JISFLTLm@9MbpbL u)L j k r CqOLm@9>IGAH
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Ÿ?LMVMVLm@TJAL GISFLm@VpmˆxLSFJALm@K{mLSFHp JISqLMVLl k r MV>IGIH E>IU9W OLSFGAL {>At…@9SqLJALGMbpbLCFCqLGIJIL ž>ECFSqp EPr pmˆ‰ EGIU9WAL }CFEMVMVLG
yo>A@9JALGŠEGpbLSFCgMVR E r SqH >Ar Ÿ?Lm@9MVUDW EPr pb{mpm‘ EMVMbLm@ Er UDWALG MVSFGJ >Ar Ÿ?Lm@9ECgCSFR u$SFCFJ {> GJALG^‘>GIJ EMVMbLm@l>IGJ
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GpbLSFCGIEUDW >Ar Ÿ?Lm@9MVUDW EPr pb{mpmˆœLm@NwxLm@9CgE>At2SgWA@VLm@#} k GpV>A@VLG Lm@9SgGIGALm@Vp#EGlJISFL}EP@VpbLˆ
NWAL k @VLmpVSFMVUDW SFMVp<JALm@‹pVEP@Vpbš>IGAOpJALm@HLGALmpVSFMVUDWALGCqH k @9SFpVWIRKLGƒLSFGIL,‰ LGIHL,{>AtbEr CFCFSqHLm@0k r MV>IGAv
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JSqLMbL  k r MV>IGAHM9SFU9W GISFU9WpTLSFHGALmpm‘0JIEGG yNSq@9J MVSqL jk R wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG E>MVM k @VpVSqLm@9pmˆ 6LGIG MVSqL EPŸ?Lm@ LSFGALlH>ApbL
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H@ k r Lm@VL -LmHS k G7SFR u$SFCFJ ~ ”˜ ”˜0SLC›‚D‘xSFG JALm@ GISFUDWp G>A@ ECFCFL} CFEMVMbLG jk @9O k R RKLG^‘,M k GIJALm@9G SFG JALm@
E>U9W JISFL zor Ÿ?Lm@VH Er GAHLK{myNSgMVU9WALG6JILG6}CFEMVMbLG6JIL>ApVCFSFUDWY{>MbLWALG6MVSFGJ^‘ yoSq@9J ECFMƒ@9ESFGISFGIHMVRKLGAHL|Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpmˆ
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R LGYLm@DR k r HCFSFUDWpƒJISqL u)Lm@VLU9WG>IGIHlJALm@ oGAš EMVMV>IGAH bLJALM & ˆ oŸIŸˆ^•lMbpbLCFCqpžJIEMžB@9HLmŸGISFMžJISqLMVLm@
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HLG GEU9W6”m–‘˜P–‘”m––K>IGIJ ˜P–– †+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALGHLm{mLSFHpmˆ oEUDW ”m–|†pbLm@DEPpVS k GALGLm@Vt Er WA@Vp#JISqLž}CFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k GTM9U9W k G
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”m–Y†pbLm@DEPpVS k GALG^‘$~…Ÿ3‚ ˜P–Y†+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALG ~€Us‚ ”m–– †+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALG>IGIJ ~€J ‚ ˜P–– †+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALGˆ k pm“
‹SFLJICF>IGAHMVHLmŸSqLmpbL‘PH@>Ir G^“ ECFJ^‘HLCqŸ<“<EGJAyNSq@VpVM9U9WIEPt…pm‘ŸCFE>^“ EM9MbLm@‘MVU9Wy)EP@9{“GISgU9WpOCgEM‡v
MVS{SqLm@VpbLƒ,SLC ˆ
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SgMbp#JISqLžšI@ k H@VLM9MVS j LƒwxLm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@D>IGAHKJALm@ ž>ECFSqp EPr p#JALM-B,@VHLmŸGISFMVLMmˆA‹ASqLžyNSq@9JR Sqp-JILR E>AHCgSFU9WAOLSFpVMbH@9EJlJALM
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‰ EPpbLm@9SFECNJI>A@9UDW7‰Y>IpVEPpVS k GALG7SFG JISqLHLGALmpVSFMVUDWALG }LmpbpbL LSFGAHLmt >Ir WA@9p|yoSq@9J^‘xJIEGIG M9SFGIJ H@ k L6‹šI@ >Ir GIHLSgR
2E>AHCFSgU9WAOLSqpVMVH@9EJ {>6Ÿ?L k ŸEU9WpbLG^‘y|Er WA@VLGIJ JISqLKEEP@9>IGIHlJALm@ƒŸ?LMbpbLG †+GJIS j SFJI>ALG OCqLSgGALm@VL wxLm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@9>Gv
HLG CFSqLmt…Lm@9G^ˆ 6LGGY‰ >ApVEPpVS k GALG >IGIJ 2EEP@D>IGAH GSFU9Wp-{>A@wxLm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@9>GAH JALMB@VHLmŸGSFMVMbLM#Ÿ?LSqpb@DEPHLG^‘IŸCqLSFŸIp
JILm@NE>IHCFSFU9WIOLSqpVMbH@9EJ y)LmHLG JILM-B,CFSFpVSFMVR|>IM‡v!@DSFGA{SqšM,>IG j Lm@ Er GIJALm@Vpmˆ
0.9
’Homogenitaet’
’Tauglichkeit’
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0
oŸIŸSFCFJ>IGAH|••“
50
100
150
200
250
,B Gp!yNSFU9OCg>IGAH JALm@- k R k HLGISqp EPr p>IGIJ JALm@ou0L j k r CqOLm@9>GAHAˆ
œžSqL  k R k HLGISqpsEPr p JALm@u)L j k r CqOLm@D>IGAHy Er U9WIMVp’R SFp bLJALm@ †+pbLm@9EPpVS k G;~ oŸIŸˆ$••‚DˆžŸy k WICJISqL u)L j k r CqOLm@9>IGAH
JILM HLGALmpVSFMVUDWALG7@ k {mLMVMbLM MVSgU9W SFG NSgU9WpV>IGAH LSFGALM Er WIGCFSFU9WILG =^>IMbpVEGIJALM|LGp!yNSgUVOLCqpm‘yoSq@9J JISqLR SFGISgR EC
Lm@9y)EP@VpbLmpbLK k R k HLGISqp EPr pƒGISgU9WpNLm@V@VLSgU9Wp>IGJ JALm@ž@ k {mL GIEUDWYLSgGALm@oŸ?LMbpVSgR R pbLG oGI{EWIC jk G †+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALG
EGIHLWIECqpbLG^ˆ
†‡G NŸŸˆ?••’yoSq@9J JISqL B,Gp!yNSFU9OCg>IGAHJALm@ƒ k R k HLGSqp EPr pJIEP@VHLMbpbLCgCqpmˆ^œSFL 6Lm@9pbLKyN>A@9JALG MbOPECFSqLm@Vpm‘^>IR LSFGILG
wxLm@9HCqLSFU9W R SqpJALm@oB0GpyNSFU9OCF>GAHTJALME>IHCFSFU9WIOLSqpVMbH@9EJALMo{>YLm@9R SqpbpbLCFGˆœLm@žM9U9Wy)EGAOLGJAL wxLm@DCFE>AtJISqLMVLm@
} >A@ j LNSFR wxLm@VHCqLSFUDWT{>I@02E>AHCFSFUDWAOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k GKt k CqHp0E>M0JALm@0O k GIMbpVEGpbLG‰Y>ApVEPpVS k G^ˆ EU9W bLJALm@,†+pbLm@9EPpVS k G
Lm@9t Er WA@9p)LSgGALžOCqLSgGALƒ‰ LGAHLƒ†‡GIJIS j SFJ>ALGT‰ >ApVEPpVS k GALG‘IJISqLƒJISqLƒ k R k HLGISqp EPr pNJILm@-u0L j k r CqOLm@9>GAHKŸ?LmLSFG >IM9MbLG^ˆ
6LGGLSFGŸ?LMVMbLm@VLM †+GIJS j SgJI>I>IR JI>A@DU9W LSgGALT‰ >ApVEPpVS k GLm@V{mL>AHp|yNSq@9J‘JIEGIGM9SFGAOp JISqLT k R k HLGISFpsEPr p|>IGJ
JSqLMbLM-GAL>ILHLGALmpVSFMVUDWAL ‰ EPpbLm@9SFEC<yNSq@9J SgG JALG EGIJILm@VLGl k r M9>IGAHLG j Lm@VŸ@VLSqpbLmpmˆ œž>A@DU9W JSqLEEP@9>IGAH y)Lm@9JALG
JSqLx†+GJIS j SFJI>ALGžJISqL‰YLm@VOR ECqL)JALMŸ?LMVMbLm@9LGƒ†+GJIS j SFJI>I>IR Lm@VŸ?LG>IGJJISqLu)L j k r CqOLm@9>IGAHoyNSq@9JƒSgGJALGƒt k CqHLGIJALG
†+pbLm@9EPpVS k GILGlW k R k HLGALm@sˆ
œLm@ ,@ k {mL LGp!yoSFUVOLCqp MVSFU9WCFEGAHMVER >GIJ MVU9WA@DSqpbp!y)LSFMbL‘y)LSFC bLJAL š?Lm@9EPpVS k G6E>It)JALm@ HLGALmpVSFMVUDWALG }ƒLmpbpbL
~€‰ >ApVEPpVS k G>IGIJ EEP@9>IGAH‚RKLSgMbpƒG>A@ƒLSgGALG Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pbLG ,>IGAOpƒJALm@nI>IGIOpVS k GILG j Lm@ Er GIJALm@Vp>GIJ y0LSFCJISFL
‰ >ApVEPpVS k GlHEGA{ {>At Er CFCFSFH|MbpVEPpbp 3GIJALmpmˆ
†‡G JALG Lm@DMbpbLG †+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALG7WILm@V@9MVUDWpKH@ k L wSqLCFt…ECqpKEG HLGILmpVSFMVU9WILG7}ƒLmpbpbLG^‘,>GIJ LMKHSqŸIp j SqLC$,CgEPpb{lt >Ir @
‰ >ApVEPpVS k GILG^‘IJISqLž{>A@-wxLm@9Ÿ3LM9MbLm@9>IGAHKJALm@ ƒ>IECFSqp EPr p$t >Ir WA@VLG^ˆAB0SFGALžH>ApbL k r M9>IGAHKyNSq@DJTpb@ k pb{JILR GISFUDWp-M9U9WIGALCgC
Lm@9@VLSFU9Wpm‘JALGG k t›p-t >Ir WA@9LG JISqLž{>At Er CFCFSqHLG ‰ >ApVEPpVS k GALGl{>lMVU9WCqLU9WpbLm@VLG šIpVS k GALGˆ
†‡G LSFGILm@N{my)LSqpbLG 0WIEMbLyNSF@9J JISqL u)L j k r CqOLm@9>IGIH jk R ,@ k C^LSgGALM#†‡GIJIS j SFJI>I>R J k RTSFGISqLm@VpmˆAwžSqLCqL k r MV>IGAHLG
MVLWALG Er WIGCFSFU9W6E>Mm‘MVSgGIJ6EPŸ?Lm@ E>At…H@9>IGIJ JILm@ EEP@9>IGAHYJISqLMbLM †+GIJS j SgJI>I>IR R Sqp EGIJILm@VLG †‡GIJIS j SFJI>ILG~€R SFp
HLm@DSFGAHLm@ ž>ECFSqp EPr pD‚Ny0LGSqHLm@HLmLSqHGALmpmˆœSFLTEEP@9>IGAH t >Ir WA@VpƒG>A@ƒ{>6OCqLSFGALG wxLm@VŸ?LMVMVLm@9>IGAHLG6SFR B,@VHLmŸGISgMm‘
JILGIGYM9SqL Ÿ?LW<Er CqpJISqL|B,SqHLGIM9U9WIEPt…pbLG JALm@žŸ3LM9MbLm@VLG 0k r MV>IGIHAˆ3œžSqL œ k R SFGIEGA{|JISqLMbLMž,@ k CFMNyNSq@9JYJI>A@9UDW LSFGIL
‰ >ApVEPpVS k GlLSFGALM-SFWI@VLm@o‹ k r WIGALžŸ?LmLGIJALmpm‘ JALGIG JIEJI>I@9U9WyNSF@9J’LSFGlGAL>ALM‘AŸ3LM9MbLm@VLM-,@ k C?Lm@V{mL>AHpmˆ
œžEM Lm@9G j Lm@9WIECqpbLG SFMbp MbLWI@TMbpVEP@VO jk G JILm@TE>IHCFSFU9WIOLSqpVMbt€>IGAOpVS k G >IGIJ JALm@’<@DESFGISFGAHM9RKLGAHL EPŸW Er GAHSFHAˆ
‰ Sqp LSFGALm@ H@ k r Lm@9LG ‰ LGAHL yoSq@9JJIEMKLm@9G j Lm@9WIECFpbLG j Lm@VŸ?LMVMbLm@Vpm‘y k Ÿ3LS$EPŸ?Lm@KE>IU9W JILm@ -LU9WILGIE>At…y)EGIJ
MVpbLSqHpmˆ<œžEM B,@V@VLSFUDWALG LSFGALm@H>IpbLG  k r MV>GAH t >Ir @JIEM@ k ŸCqLR OPEGIG6JI>A@DU9W JISFL B0SFGŸ3Lm{SFLW>IGIH’JALm@  k r MV>IGIH
LSgGALM Er WIGCFSFU9WILGT@ k ŸCqLR M,Ÿ3LM9U9WICqL>GISqHpxy)Lm@9JALG^ˆA‹SqL-OPEGIG’E>IM,LSgGALR EGIJILm@VLGTB š?Lm@9SFR LGp,RTSqp0JALm@DMbLCqŸ?LG
œžEPpbLGŸEMVSFM k JALm@KE>IM LSgGALR jk @9WALm@9SFHLGLMbp R SFp|LSgGALm@ OCqLSgGALm@VLG<@9ESgGISFGAHMVR LGAHL’ECgM LSFG†+GIJS j SgJI>I>IR
JILm@#Lm@9MbpbLG XLGALm@DEPpVS k GLSFGAHLmt >Ar Hp#y)Lm@9JALG^ˆAœžSqLMbLžLm@9MbpbL ‹AU9W EPr pb{>IGIHKy >Ar @9JALžJISqL k CgCqLoLSgGALM QXLJ Er U9WpVGISFMVMbLM MVšSqLCqLG^‘^JALGG6JIEJI>A@9UDW6OPEGIG MVSFUDW JALm@ ,@ k {mL YEG LSFGALG Er WIGCFSFU9WILG nECFC Lm@9SFGIGALm@DG |>GIJ6JISqL ECqpbL 0k r MV>IGIH
JILR(GAL>ALG œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{ EGAšEM9MbLG^ˆ
*."
"%" * œžSqL jk @9CgSqLmHLGIJAL N@9Ÿ3LSFpoO k GA{mLGpb@9SqLm@9pMVSFU9W E>At)JISqL|†+GpbLmH@9EPpVS k G6>GpbLm@9M9U9WISqLJCFSFU9WILm@œžEPpbLGIM EPr pb{mL {>A@ƒ}CFEMVM9S v
OQEPpVS k G JALm@N<EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAHKSFGYXLmŸ SqLmpbLG^‘SFG JILGALGlG>A@-y)LGISqH œžEPpbLG j Lm@9tD>Ar HŸ EP@NMVSFGIJˆœžSqL XžLMVER pVWILSqpoJALm@
œžEPpbLG MVU9WCFSqL pNu$SFCFJILm@NJALm@NnALm@DGALm@VO>IGIJI>IGIH >IGIJŸ?Lm@VLSqpVMNL SFMVpVSqLm@VLGIJAL} EP@VpbLGlLSFG‘A{my0LS2œžEPpbLG>ILCFCqLG^‘IJISFL
@9LCFEPpVS j H>Ip j Lm@Vt >Ar HŸEP@NMVSgGIJ^ˆ=?SqLC?JALm@ o@VŸ?LSqp#SFMbp#LM‘JISqLƒ<EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAHKEGIWIEGIJ JISqLMbLm@-œžEPpbLGl{>lLm@9R SqpbpbLCFGˆ
œžSqL o@VŸ?LSqpo>IGpbLm@9MV>U9WpžR LWA@VLm@VL oMVš3LmOpbL‘ jk G6JALm@ƒB@9MbpbLCgCF>IGAH LSgGALm@oš EMVMbLGIJALG u)LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ>IGIH’JALm@‹{mLGAL
Ÿ SFM#{>A@ž}CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k G^ˆIœžSqL B,@VHLmŸGISgMVMbLƒy)Lm@9JALG^‘3GIEU9W JALG NWALRKLGlHLmHCgSqLJALm@Vpm‘3E>AtJALGlt k CqHLGIJILG ‹LSqpbLG
{>MVER RKLGAHLmt€E pmˆ
} EP@VpbLGALm@VOLGIG>IGAHSFMbp LSFG Ÿ SFMVWALm@’>IGAHLmOC EPr @VpbLM’@ k ŸCFLR SFG JALm@u)SgCFJ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>GAHAˆ k y#v!CqL j LCžu$SFCFJ j Lm@9EP@Vv
Ÿ?LSqpV>GAHMVRKLmpVW k JALG y)Lm@9JALGMVp Er GIJISqH k šIpVSgR SqLm@Vp>IGJ6EG Ÿ?LMbpVSFR R pbL @ k ŸCqLRKL EGAHLmš Epm‘LSFGIL ECFCqHLRKLSFGIL
)k r MV>IGAH MbpbLWp ‡LJ k UDW’G k UDW GISFU9Wp${>A@$wxLm@VtD>Ar H>IGAHAˆILJILM)u$SFCgJ WIEPp$Ÿ?LM k GIJILm@VL‰YLm@VOR ECqL‘A>IGIJ bLJALm@-u)LG>Ap‡v
{mLm@LSqHLGAL †+GpbLm@VLMVMVLG^‘y)LCFU9WIL JISqL o>IMVy)EWIC<JALm@oB,@VOLGIG>IGAHMVRKLmpVW k JALGlŸ3LMVpVSFR RKLG^ˆIœžSqL|WISqLm@ jk @9HLMbpbLCFCqpbL
} EP@VpbLGALm@VOLGIG>IGAH {SqLCqp GISgU9Wp E>At#JISqL jk CFCFL †+GpbLm@VšI@9LmpVEPpVS k G LSFGILm@ }EP@VpbL‘2M k GIJALm@DG G>I@ E>At#JISqL oŸCqLSqpV>GAH
jk G SFGy0LSgMbLG^‘xJISqLJISqL†‡GpbLm@Vš@VLmpVEPpVS k G jk G ‹EPpbLCFCgSqpbLGŸ SFCFJALm@9GŠ>IGpbLm@9Mbp >Ar pb{mLG O k r GIGALG^ˆxœžEJI>A@DU9W yNSq@DJŠJISFL
>At…HEPŸ?Lƒy0LMbLGpVCFSFUDW j Lm@VLSFGIt…EUDWpmˆ
>IMoJALm@N}EP@VpbL y0Lm@DJALGl†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@NE>IMbHLmy Er WCqpbL Ÿ bLmOpbL EPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmpmˆ?‰ EGIU9WAL|B,SFGI{mLCFWALSqpbLG^‘AJISFL
E>ItLSFGILm@N}EP@VpbL MVLWA@-HLGIE>YJIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFp#y0Lm@9JILG^‘Iy)Lm@9JALGlGISgU9Wp#Ÿ3Lm@ >Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSqHpmˆ œEMNŸ?Lmpb@9S?p#{>IR(u)LSFMbšSFLC
JSqL ERKLGJALm@$n2Cb>Ir MVMbL‘I‹pb@9E LG k JALm@#‹psEr JApbL>GIJ JSqLNL šCFSq{SFpbL oGIHEPŸ3LžJALm@$nI>IGAOpVS k G’R EGIUDWALm@NXLmŸEr >IJAL‘
yoSqLT{ˆ—uˆ†+GJI>IMbpb@9SFLmHLmŸ Er >IJALˆœžER Sqp SFMbp|GISFUDWp|HLRKLSFGpm‘2JE R EGE>At-JISFLMbLT†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G j Lm@V{SFUDWpbLG M k CgC ˆ
œžEJISqLMVL o@Vp jk G †‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k GYSFG LSgGALR ‹AEPpbLCFCFSqpbLGŸSFCFJ GISFU9Wp jk @9O k R R pm‘^OPEGIG MVSqL|JISq@VLmOpoE>IMžJALm@ž}EP@VpbL
EPŸHLCqLMbLG y)Lm@9JALG^‘ >IGIJGISFR R p-EGlJALm@oSFGpbLmH@DSqLm@VpbLG wxLm@9EP@9Ÿ3LSFpV>IGAHKGISFUDWp#pbLSFCˆ
>IMxJALR HLMVUmEGIGpbLGTu$SFCFJKJALm@} EP@VpbL-yNSq@DJ LSgG ŸSFG EPr @VLMxu$SFCgJ t >Ar @ bLJAL-nIEP@VŸ?L#L pb@9EWISqLm@9pmˆB,SFG špVSFR SqLm@9>GAHM‡v
j Lm@9t…EWA@9LG^‘Ÿ EMVSqLm@VLGIJ’E>At<n>A{m{v! k HSqO3‘IyNSq@9J EGAHLmy)LGIJALmp->IR1JIEM -Xžu0v!u$SFCFJ’{>MbLmHRKLGpVSqLm@VLG^ˆ SFU9Wp-G>I@
MVš3LmOpb@9ECqLƒ‰YLm@VOR ECqL ~€ k R k HLGISqp EPr po>GIJ} k Gpb@DEMbp-JALm@#HLmt EPr @VŸIpbLG nC Er U9WILG ‚)y)Lm@9JALG JIEPŸ?LS3Ÿ?Lm@ >Ir UVOMVSFUDWpVSFHpm‘
M k GIJALm@9G E>IUDWl@ Er >R CFSFUDWALƒ‰ Lm@VOR ECqL‘AyoSqLJISqL X@ k r L|JALm@-HLmt EPr @VŸIpbLGYn2C Er U9WALGl>GIJ SFWA@VL XLMVpVECqpmˆ
œžSqLKXLmyNSFUDWpV>GAH JALm@‰ Lm@9OR ECFLyNSq@9J SFG n k @DR jk G -LmHLCFGY>IGIJl>GIMVU9WEP@Vt›LGYnI>IGAOpVS k GALGYSFGlJALG ‹LmHRKLGv
pVSFLm@9>IGAHMbš@ k {mL YLSgGAHLmt >r WA@VpmˆœEM’=?SqLC)JALm@T‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAH OPEGIG JI>A@9UDWJSqL’u)LMbpVSgR R >GAH JILm@ >IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LG
‰YLGAHLG^‘Py)LCFU9WIL-JISqL,HLmy >Ir GIMVUDWpbLGKB0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt›pbLGKJILm@nEP@VŸ Er UDWALG yNSqLJALm@9HLmŸ3LG‘ t…LMbpbHLCqLmHpxy)Lm@9JALG^ˆœžSqLMbLm@
GIMVEPpb{WEPp-JALGw k @VpbLSFC ‘AJIE JSqL ‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAH HLMbpbL>ILm@VpN>IGIJ {>A@-)k r MV>IGAH LSFGALM$Ÿ?LMbpVSgR R pbLG ,@ k ŸCqLRTM
EGIHLmšE pNy)Lm@9JALG OPEGIG^ˆ
œžSqL ‹LmHRKLGpVSqLm@9>IGAH JALm@o}EP@9pbL{mLSqHpbL|LSFGALH>ApbL ž>IECFSFpsEPr p-SFR(u)Lm{>AHE>AtxMbš?LmOpb@9ECFL>IGIJ @ Er >R CFSFUDWALB,SqHLGAv
M9U9WIEPt…pbLG JALm@onIEP@VŸ Er UDWALG^ˆ3œSFL ,SLC?y)Lm@9JALGlSFG W k R k HLGAL‘ O k RKšEPOpbL nC Er U9WILGl{>IMVERTRKLGAHLmt€E pm‘y)LCFU9WAL
LSgGALGlH>ApbLG } k Gpb@9EMbp{>IR oSFGpbLm@VH@9>GIJ k JALm@N{> EGIJALm@VLG nC Er U9WILG {mLSqHLGˆ >AtxJISqLMbL 6LSFMbL y0Lm@9JILGYE>IM
JILm@N}EP@VpbL žŸ ‡LmOpbLƒLm@VOPEGIGpmˆ
œžSqL jk CgCqLƒB@VOLGIG>IGAHKJALm@-} EP@VpbLG yN>A@DJALGSFU9Wp#Lm@Vt k @9MVU9Wpm‘M k GJALm@9GE>AtCFSFGISqLGAv2>IGIJ Er UDWALGIWIEPt…pbLB,CFLRKLGpbL
LSgGAHLMVU9WI@ Er GAOpmˆ o>IUDWlJISqL jk CFCFLMbLR EGpVSFMVU9WILƒ†+GpbLm@VšI@VLmpVEPpVS k GlJALm@-B@9HLmŸGISFMVMVLy$EP@NGISgU9Wp-G k r pVSqHA‘IM k GIJILm@9G G>I@
LSgGAL oGG Er WALm@9>IGIHJILm@ R k r HCFSFUDWALG6<EPHL’JALm@ Ÿ ‡LmOpbL SFG6JALm@ } EP@VpbLˆ<œžSqL’XLGE>ISqHOLSqpVMVEGMbšI@ >Ir UDWAL yN>A@9JILG
JILMby0LmHLGYGISFUDWp-MbLWI@NW k U9W HLMbLmpb{mpmˆ
œžSqL6B,@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G&<SFGSqLG >GIJ jk CFCqLG nC Er U9WALG Ÿ?Lm@VLSFpbLmpbL6y0LGISFHLm@ o>At…y$EGIJ ECFM JISqL B@VOLGG>IGIH jk G
š EP@9ECFCqLCqLG<SgGISqLG>IGIJn2CEr U9WALG7RTSqp|‰ >IMbpbLm@DG^ˆxœSFLCFLmLm@VLG Er >IRKL{myNSgMVU9WALG nC!Er UDWALG R SqpK‰ >IMbpbLm@9G >IGJ
š EP@9ECFCqLCqLG|<SgGISqLG M9SFGIJ LSFG|yNSFU9WpVSqHLm@xu)LMbpVEGIJApbLSgCAJISqLMbLm@B,CqLR LGpbL#>IGIJ y)Lm@9JALGKR Sqp2{my)LSA>IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJICFSFUDWALG
‰YLmpVW JALG EGIECMVSqLm@Vpm“2JALm@ œoLCgE>IGIE<@DSFEGAH>ICFEPpVS k G>IGIJŠJALR EMVMbLm@9MVUDWALSFJALwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGˆ2u)LSFJAL’{mLSqHpbLG
w k @Vv0>Ik GIJ EU9WpbLSFCqLˆ
žœ EMKwxLm@9t…EWA@9LG7JALm@ @9SFEGAH>ICgEPpVS k GLm@VHSqŸIp LSFGAL k špVSFR SqLm@VpbL ‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAH JILm@ } k GpV>I@VLG Er UDWALGIWIEPt…pbLm@TB,CFL v
R LGpbL‘ k Ÿy k WICt€ECFMVUDW OCFEMVMVS{SqLm@VpbL 0SLC,SFG JALm@ Er WAL’JALm@ Er > Lm@9LGX@VLGI{mLGH@ k L’nALWICqLm@ j Lm@9>A@9M9EU9WALG
O^k r GIGALGˆIœEMo@ k Ÿ CqLR j Lm@9MVUDW<EPr @Vt…pNMVSFUDW^‘Ay0LGGlJIEM-u$SFCFJ j SqLC oE>IMVU9WILG LGpVWEr Cqpmˆ
œžSqL|u)Lm@VLU9WIG>IGAHJALm@ž<@DSFEGAH>ICFEPpVS k G Lm@Vt k @9JALm@VpoLSFGAL H@ k L NLU9WALGCqLSFMbpV>IGIHAˆ œžETLSgGAL }EP@9pbL R SqpoLSFGALm@oOCqLSqv
GILG ,SACqLmH@ k r L EPŸHLmpVEMbpbLmpTyNSF@9J^‘xSFMbpKJISqL GA{EWIC-JILm@ ,>IGAOpbLlSFG JALm@ @9SFEGIH>ICFEPpVS k G MbLWA@TH@ k >IGIJ JISFL
u)Lm@VLUDWIG>IGAHTE>At…y)LGIJISqHAˆ
œžEM EMVMbLm@DMVU9WALSgJAL vwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGSFMbp)SFGTJALm@$<EPHL‘JISqLƒ=3yNSFM9U9WALGA@QEr >IRKLNSFGGALm@9WIECqŸ JILm@)‰ >IMbpbLm@ k JILm@)SFGISqLGK{>
Lm@9OLGIGALG^‘yoSq@9JKEPŸ?Lm@ jk GT{my0LS oEUDWpbLSgCqLGTHLmOLGGA{mLSFU9WGALmpm“B0M,MVUDWALSqpbLm@Vp)EGTJALGX@VLGA{mLG JALm@0nC Er UDWALGTR SFp
‰ >IMbpbLm@DG >IGIJ OPEGIG6OLSFGILTJ >Ir GIGILG6n2C Er U9WALGLm@VOLGIGALG^ˆœžEM wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG6OPEGIG G>A@ CqLmLm@9L Er >IR LTSFGIGALm@DWIECqŸ
JILm@ -LmHS k GALG 3GIJALG^ˆ‰ Sqp,JALm@$u)Lm@VLU9WG>IGIH JALm@) >Ir CgCqL-JALM)B@VHLmŸGSFMVMbLMxyoSq@9J JISFLMbLNu)LMVU9WI@ Er GAO>IGAHpbLSFCFy0LSFMVL
E>It›HLW k Ÿ?LG^ˆ0<@ k pb{JILR ŸCqLSFŸIpKJIEMT,@ k ŸCqLR JILm@TMbLWA@TJ >Ir GIGALG^‘HLR|>IMbpbLm@VpbLG nC Er U9WILG^ˆ0EP@9ECFCFLCqLl<SFGSqLG
O k GGpbLG Lm@9t k CqH@9LSFU9W R SFp$JILR EMVMbLm@9MVUDWALSFJAL vwxLm@9t…EWA@9LG Lm@VOPEGIGp$y)Lm@9JALG^‘IJE|SgG’JSqLMbLR nIECFC^JEM#@ k ŸCFLR
EG JALG Er GJALm@9G MbLCqpbLG jk @VO k R R pmˆ
B0SFGAL-HLRTSFMVU9WpbLƒ0k r MV>GAH SFMVp0JISqLoŸ?LMbpbL žšIpVS k G {>I@)B,@VOLGIG>IGAH jk G NLmHS k GALG’R Sqp0‰ >IMbpbLm@DG^ˆ=?>ILm@9Mbp,y)Lm@9JALG
JSqL#œEPpbLG R SqpxJALR EMVMVLm@9MVU9WILSFJAL vwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpbLmpm‘y k Ÿ3LSILSFG|H@ k Lm@ GpbLSgCAJALm@ -LmHS k GALG Lm@VOPEGIGp
yoSq@9J^ˆAœžEPŸ?LSyNSq@DJ JISqL GA{EWIC jk GYw k @9JALm@9H@9>IGIJAš SLCgG @9LJI>A{SqLm@Vp->GIJlJISqLu)Lm@VLUDWIG>IGAH JILm@o@9SFEGAH>ICgEPpVS k G
LSgGAt…EUDWALm@ˆIœžSqL >Ir ŸI@9SqHLG -LmHS k GALG y)Lm@9JALGlR SFp-JALR wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGlJILm@N<@DSFEGAH>ICFEPpVS k G Lm@9OQEGIGpmˆ
œžSqLT@ Er >IR CFSgU9WALKu)LmH@VLGA{>IGIH JALm@ NLmHS k GALGRTSqp‰Y>MbpbLm@9G SFMVpƒ{>At›@DSqLJALGIMbpbLCgCqLGIJ^ˆ?œžElM k CFUDWALT‰ >IMbpbLm@ MMbpbL v
RTEPpVSFMVU9W’Lm@V{mL>IHp#y0Lm@9JILG^‘3GIJALmp$R EG k t›pN‹SqpV>EPpVS k GALG’EG’JILG Xž@VLGA{mLG JALm@ -LmHS k GILG^‘AE>IM$JALGALGJISqL‰Y>v
MVpbLm@VLCqLRKLGpbL GISFUDWp jk CFCFMVp Er GIJISqHA‘?M k GIJALm@DG G>A@LSFCqL JISqLMbLm@ƒB0CqLRKLGpbL jk @9WIEGIJALG MVSgGIJ^ˆ?œSFLMbLT‹SqpV>IEPpVS k GILG
y)Lm@9JALG jk G6JSqLMbLR GIMVEPpb{ MbLWA@ƒH>IpHLR LSFMbpbLm@Vpm‘<JILGIG Lm@ƒŸEMVSqLm@VpƒE>At)JALR oŸMbpVEGIJ {myNSFM9U9WALG6‰ >IMbpbLm@9G
>GIJ GISFU9WpxE>At JILm@B@VOLGIG>IGAHžLSFGI{mLCFGALm@x‰Y>MbpbLm@ECFM,X@9>GIJALCqLRKLGpbLˆEPpVM Er U9WICFSgU9WKy)Lm@9JALGKSFG JISFLMbLm@ -LmHS k G
GSFU9WpƒG>A@JSqL|0SLC{>MVER RKLGAHLmt€E pm‘<JISFL|{> LSgGALR HEGA{mLG ‰ >IMbpbLm@VLCFLRKLGpƒHLWk r @VLG^‘M k GIJILm@9G E>IU9W6JISFL
0SLC^>IG jk CgCFMbp Er GIJISFHLm@o‹R Ÿ k CqLˆ
œžSqL zor Ÿ?Lm@9CFEPHLm@9>GAH jk G RKLWA@9Lm@VLG OPEP@Vp k H@9EPšWISgMVU9WALG B,CqLRKLGpbLG j Lm@9>I@9MVEU9WpN->Ir UVOLGYSFG JALG NLmHS k GALGlR SFp
‰ >IMbpbLm@DG^ˆœžSqLMbL’ >Ir U9OLGy0Lm@9JILG HLmt >Ir CFCqpm‘2M k JIE ER B,GIJALTH>Ap JAL 3GISqLm@VpbL NLmHS k GALGŠLGpVMVpbLWALG^ˆX@ k r Lm@VL
 >Ir UVOLG7y0Lm@9JILG EPŸ3Lm@ GSFU9WpKHLMVU9WC k MVMbLG^‘xy$EM JIEP{>7t >Ir WI@VLGOQEGIG‘JE JISqL } k GpV>A@VLG JALm@ NLmHS k G t€ECFMVU9W
HLM9U9W EPr pb{mpžy)Lm@9JALG^ˆ3@ k ŸCFLRKLO k R RKLG E>IUDW jk @‘ y0LGG {my)LSEGIJIG>Apb{>IGAHMVOCFEM9MbLGlR SqpoJALm@9MbLCqŸ?LG nIEP@9Ÿ3L
GEW Ÿ?LSqLSFGEGIJALm@-CFSqLmHLGˆ @ k pb{|JSqLMbLm@žnALWICqLm@žWIEPpžJALm@ GIMVEPpb{|LSFGALGYH@ k LG w k @VpbLSFC “?B@SFMbpGISFU9Wp jk G JALm@
B,@VOLGIG>IGAH JALm@ƒ‰ >IMbpbLm@VLCqLR LGpbLTEPŸ W<Er GAHSqHAˆ^œLMby)LmHLGSFMbpžLm@ƒ{SqLRTCFSFU9W CqLSgU9Wp{>SFRKšCqLR LGpVSqLm@9LGY>IGJ EG
JSqL wxLm@DW Er CqpVGISFM9MbL|EGJALm@VLm@}EP@VpbLG {> EJIEPšpVSqLm@VLG^ˆ^œLm@ GIMVEPpb{KCFSqLmt…Lm@VpOLSFGAL k šIpVSFR ECFLG B,@VHLmŸGISgMVMbL‘3y0LGIG
{my)LS NLmHS k GALG RTSqp#>IGpbLm@DMVU9WISFLJICFSFUDWALG ‰Y>MbpbLm@9G Er WIGICgSFU9WAL oŸMbpsEr GJALƒ{myNSFMVUDWALG ‹R Ÿ k CqLG WEPŸ3LGˆ
œžSqLX@VLGI{mLG’JILm@)}CgEMVMbLG y0Lm@9JILGTLm@9RTSqpbpbLCqpm‘EPŸ3Lm@$JIE MVSqLžGISFU9Wp0>GŸ?LJISFGIHp,EPOpV>ILCFC M9SFGIJ^‘y)Lm@9JALG’MVSqLMbš EPr pbLm@
ECgMNnI>A{m{v!‰YLGAHLG JIEP@VHLMbpbLCFCFpm‘M k JE TSFWA@ EUDWIMbpV>IR k JALm@oSFWI@VLƒwxLm@VOCqLSFGALm@9>GAHKR k JILCFCFSqLm@Vp$y)Lm@9JALG OQEGIGˆ
œžSqLMVL-‰ k JALCFCFSFLm@9>IGAHžSFMbpLGpVMVU9WALSgJALGIJ^‘JALGG LMxŸ?LMbpbLWp,OLSFGALo‹SFUDWALm@9WALSFp >Ir Ÿ3Lm@xJISFLoX >Ir CqpVSqHOLSFpECFpbLm@,}EP@VpbLG^ˆ
œžEJI>I@9U9W yNSF@9J JISFL Gy)LGIJI>GAHŠO k R šCqL Lm@ oGIEC MbLR LmpVW k JILG j Lm@9RTSqLJALG >IGIJ LSFGAL u)LMVU9WI@VLSqŸ>IGIHJALM
} EP@VpbLGISFGIWECqpbLM k JILm@‹EPpbLCFCFSFpbLGŸSgCFJALM)E>At oEMbpbLm@VŸEM9SFM#Lm@V{mL>AHpmˆ
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œžEM$WISqLm@ jk @VHLMbpbLCgCqpbLƒ‰ k JALCFCLSqHGALmp$MVSFU9W {>A@$}CFEMVM9SOPEPpVS k GTJALm@$<EGJIG>Ipb{>IGAH E>M0œžEPpbLG JALm@$nALm@9GALm@9O>IGAv
J>IGAHY>GIJ}EP@9pbLG^ˆ2œžEM nI>A{m{v!}CFEM9MVSOPEPpVS k GIMVM9U9WALR EYŸSqLmpbLmp|LSFG k 3LGALMK‰ k JALCFC ‘<JEM|EGB,SFHLGIMVU9WEPt›pbLG
JILm@‹{mLGALEGAHLmš EpNy)Lm@9JALG OPEGIG^‘IJALGGLM-ŸEMVSFLm@Vp#E>At NLmHLCFG >GIJ >IGIMVUDWIEP@Vt…LG nI>IGAOpVS k GALGˆ
œžSqLžu)LMbpVSFR R|>IGAH JALm@ -LmHLCFG j Lm@9CgEGAHp SFM9MbLG >Ir Ÿ3Lm@$JISqLƒ‹{mLGALž>IGIJ’SFMbp)SFG JILm@ GIECMbLLGpVMVUDWALSFJALGJ^ˆœžEM
SgMbp-GISFUDWp-GAL> SFG JALm@Nu$SFCFJ j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpV>IGAHA‘JALGIGLSgG u)SgCFJOQEGGlGISFUDWp-G>A@ & "/- & ( $ $ & $%" $" $%& 5 " D‘
M k GIJALm@9GKE>IUDW RKLWA@9Lm@VL-u)LJAL>ApV>IGAHLG WIEPŸ?LG^‘ ‡L-GEU9WTJILR ‹pVEGIJAš >IGAOp2>IGJKJALR;†‡GpbLm@VLM9MbLNJALMxu)LG>Apb{mLm@9Mmˆ
œž>A@DU9W JISqLn k @9R|>ICFSqLm@D>IGAHYJILm@ NLmHLCFGLGpVMVpbLWp JISFL’nA@9LSFWALSqpm‘JISqL oGIEC MbL’{> MbpbL>ALm@DG>GIJŠR LGIMVU9WCFSFU9WILM
SFMVMVLG L š CFSq{Sqp$JIEP@V{>IMVpbLCFCqLG^ˆ
žœ EMƒ†‡GAt…Lm@VLGA{MVUDWALR EŸ?LMVSqpb{mpJSqLKn Er WSqHOLSqpm‘>IGpbLm@9MVUDWISqLJICFSgU9WAL œžEPpbLGE>IMJILR MbLCqŸ?LG XLmŸSqLmpSgG JSqL oGIEQv
C MbL LSFGA{>AŸ?Lm{SqLWALGˆœžSqL œžEPpbLG MbLCqŸMVpNy)Lm@9JALG GSFU9WpoEGIEC MVSFLm@Vpm‘ M k GJALm@9G SFGy0LSgMbL JISqL JIEP@9E>IMEPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmp
y)Lm@9JALGˆQœžSqLMbL-SFGy0LSgMbL0Ÿ?LWIECFpbLG SFWI@VL0yoSFU9WpVSqHLG ‰ Lm@9OR ECFL$>GIJ Ÿ?LSJALm@xu)Lmy0Lm@9pV>IGAHƒJALm@-LmHLCgG H@9LSqt›pxJIEM
‹ MbpbLR JISq@VLmOpNE>AtM9SqL{>^ˆ3œSFL œžSFRKLGIM9S k GlJALMo@ k ŸCFLR M-yNSF@9JlJIEPŸ?LS^Lm@9W k r Wpm‘3JALGIG E>M-LSFGALR œžEPpbLGIMVEPpb{
O k r GIGALG RKLWA@VLm@VLSFGy0LSgMbLƒEPŸIHLCqLSqpbLmp-y)Lm@9JALGˆ
œžSqL$‰ k JI>CFEP@9Sqp EPr p<JILM<wxLm@Vt€EWA@VLGMLm@DCFE>AŸIp<E>U9W JISqL oGAš EMVMV>IGAHoJALM<†‡GAt…Lm@VLGA{MVUDWALR EMEG EGIJALm@VL)œžEPpbLGIM EPr pb{mL
RTSqp2GIL>ALG|†+GAt k @9R EPpVS k GALG^ˆ B0MSFMbpJIEPŸ?LS>GŸ?LJISFGIHp<G k r pVSqHA‘JISqL)†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALG|SFR šEMVMbLGIJILG|n k @9R EPpJIEP@V{>Av
MVpbLCFCqLG >IGJKJISqL -LmHLCgG GAL>K{> JAL GISqLm@9LG^ˆœEM0SFMbpLSgGAL-MVU9Wy)Lm@VL >At…HEPŸ3L#y)LGIG JSqL-u)Lm{SqLW>GAHLG {myNSgMVU9WALG
JILG †+GIt k @9RTEPpVS k GALG >IGIJ JILR HLmy >Ir GIM9U9WpbLGlB@VHLmŸ GISFM#GISFUDWp-E>Mb@VLSFUDWALGIJ Ÿ?LmOPEGIGp-M9SFGIJ^ˆ
n>A{m{v!‰YLGAHLG y0Lm@9JILGŸ3LG>Apb{mp->IR1†‡GAt k @9R EPpVS k G JIEP@9{>IMbpbLCFCqLG>IGJ’M9SqLž{>O k R ŸSgGISqLm@VLG^ˆzGIMVU9WEP@Vt›L k HSqO
LSFHGALmpMVSFUDW H>Apxt >Ir @JSqLMbLGT=3y)LUVO3‘JALGIG MVSFL$SgMbpxSFGKJALm@<EPHL‘zoGIM9SFU9WALm@DWALSqp >Ar Ÿ?Lm@JSqL#oSFGy)LSFMbL#E>IMb{>IJI@ >Ir UVOLG
>GIJ {> j Lm@9EP@VŸ?LSqpbLGˆœžSqLMbLNnI>GAOpVS k GALGKO k r GIGALGKJI>A@DU9W JISFL zNr Ÿ?Lm@Vpb@9EPH>GAHJALm@,RKLGMVU9WICgSFU9WALGKB,@Vt€EWA@9>IGAHƒ>IGJ
SFMVMVLG k JILm@-E>IU9WYE>Ap k R EPpVSFMVUDW R SFp-oSFCFt›L jk G @9ESFGSFGAHMbHLmŸSFLmpbLG Ÿ?LMbpVSgR R p#y)Lm@9JALGˆ
B0SFGl@9LU9WIGALm@D>IGpbLm@DMbp >Ar pb{mpbLMwxLm@Vt€EWA@VLG {>A@žu0LMVpVSFR R|>IGAH JILm@nI>I{m{v!nI>GAOpVS k GALG^‘?ŸEMVSqLm@9LGIJ E>At,@9SFGA{SFšSqLG
JILm@ HLGALmpVSFMVUDWALG oCqH k @DSqpVWIRKLG^‘xyo>A@9JAL SFRKš CqLRKLGpVSqLm@Vpmˆx†‡G7JISqLMbLR wxLm@Vt…EWI@VLG7y)Lm@9JALG7R LWA@VLm@VL RYk r HCFSFU9WIL
 k r MV>IGAHLG R Sqp SFCqt…L jk G š?Lm@9EPp k @VLG^‘0JISqLLSFGALlHLGILmpVSFMVU9WIL B,Gp!yNSgUVOCF>IGAH MVSgR >ICgSqLm@VLG^‘2yNSqL '& & 5 >IGJ
$ &'$ I‘ k šIpVSFRTSqLm@Vpmˆ
œLm@,@ k {mL Ÿ3LMVpbLWpžE>IM{my0LSx0WIEMbLG^ˆ3†‡GYJALm@žLm@9MVpbLG 0WIEMbL|Lm@Vt€EWA@VLG JISqL|R k r HCFSFUDWALG  k r MV>IGIHLG >Ar Ÿ?Lm@VyoSqL v
HLGJŠH@ k L wxLm@ Er GIJALm@9>GAHLGŸSFM LSFGAL k r MV>IGIH R SFp @VLCgEPpVS j H>ApbLm@ ž>ECFSqp EPr p|HLmt…>IGJALGyoSq@9J^ˆ2œEGEU9W yNSF@9J
JSqLMbL  k r MV>IGAHCFEGAHM9ER j Lm@ Er GIJALm@Vpž>IGIJ k šIpVSFR SFLm@Vpmˆ œžSqL|Lm@9MbpbLK,WEMbL|SgMbpoMbLWI@žR >Ir WIMVER ‘3JALMby)LmHLG6MVSFGIJ oCqv
pbLm@DGIEPpVS j LG^‘JSqLƒJISqLƒLm@9MbpbL ‹>IU9WILƒŸ3LM9U9WICqL>GISqHLG^‘Ÿ?LM k GIJALm@9M#SgGpbLm@VLM9MVEGpmˆ
œžEM#wxLm@9t…EWA@9LG Lm@9CFE>AŸp0LMm‘IB,@VHLmŸGISgMVMbLžEGIJALm@VLm@-B š?Lm@9SFR LGpbLƒSFGJALG ‹>U9WAšI@ k {mL K{> SFRKš k @VpVSqLm@VLG’>IGIJJISFL
‹A>IU9WALž{> k špVSFR SqLm@VLGˆœžSqLB0SFGŸ?Lm{SqLW>IGAH|JISqLMbLm@#Lm@DMbpbLGY‹UDW EPr pb{>IGAH WIEPp-JILGw k @VpbLSFC ‘IJIE j SqLCqLž†+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALG
JILm@-Lm@9MbpbLGl0WIEMbL >Ir Ÿ3Lm@DMbšI@9>IGIHLGTy)Lm@9JALG^‘I>GIJ JISqL ‹>U9WAL jk G LSFGALR {SqLR CgSFU9WH>ApbLG ‹pVEP@Vpbš>GAOp#E>IMVHLWpm‘
y$EMR SFpLSgGALm@MVSqHGISOQEGpbLG -LJI>IOpVS k G JALM -LU9WILGIE>At…y)EGIJM j Lm@VŸ>IGIJILG SgMbpmˆœžEMSFMbpžLSFG š k MVSqpVS j Lm@žu)LS v
pb@DEPHA‘3JIE’JISqL|‰ LmpVW k JAL MbLWA@ j SFLCqL †+pbLm@9EPpVS k GALG ŸI@DE>IU9Wpo>IR {>IR @9SFUDWpVSqHLG B,@VHLmŸGISFM-{>YO k G j Lm@VHSqLm@9LG^ˆ^œSFL
‹š3LSgU9WALm@9>GAH JISFLMbLm@-nI>IGAOpVS k GALG6~€JISFL k špVSFR ECqLƒ0k r M9>IGAHLGLSFGALM#EGJALm@VLG @ k ŸCqLR MD‚,MbšSFLCqp)JSqL k CFCqLLSFGALM
XžLJ Er U9WpVGISFMVMVLMm‘ JIEMoECFMo‹pVEP@9pbš>IGAOp#Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpNy0Lm@9JILGlOPEGIG^‘Ay)LGIG JIEMž‹U9WILR E R SqpNLSFGALm@NGAL>ILGY‹SqpV>IEPpVS k G
O k GIt›@ k GpVSqLm@Vp#yoSq@9J^ˆ
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žœ EMžB@9HLmŸGISFMoJALm@} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k G R > ’>IGpbLm@žu)Lm@ >r UVOMVSFU9WpVSqH>IGIH JALm@ž>IGpbLm@9MVU9WSqLJICFSFUDWALG B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt…pbLGYJALm@
Ÿ?LG>Apb{mpbLGœžEPpbLGIM EPr pb{mL’EGIEC MVSFLm@Vpƒy0Lm@DJALG^ˆœžEM u$SFCgJ6SFMbpJI>A@DU9W6H@ k L’W k R k HLGAL -LmHS k GILG>IGIJ y)LGISqHLm@
j Lm@DMbpb@VL>ApbL,SLCAHLmOLGIGA{mLSgU9WIGALmpmˆ†‡R wxLm@VHCqLSgU9W {>A@0}EP@9pbL-LGpVWEr Cqp,LM,LSFGALNEPOpV>IECFSFM9SqLm@VpbLN}CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k GKJALM
XžLmŸSqLmpbLM$R SqpLSgGALm@0wxLm@9Ÿ3LM9MbLm@9>IGAH JALm@)} k GpV>A@9LG JALm@#‹SqLJICg>IGAHLG >IGJ LSFGALm@)GAL>ALG’}EP@VpVSqLm@D>IGAH JALm@)H@ >Ir GILG
nC Er UDWALG^ˆ †+R ECFCqHLRKLSgGALGlSFMbpoJISqL@ Er >R CFSFUDWAL œL GISqpVS k GlJALm@ žŸ ‡LmOpbL Ÿ?LMVMVLm@oECFMSFR B,@VHLmŸGISgM#LSFGALm@R >ICFpVS v
MVš3LmOpb@9ECqLG }CgEMVMVSOPEPpVS k G^‘?EPŸ?Lm@LMƒHSqŸpLSgGALG H@ k LG6wxLm@9Cg>IMbpEG6œLmpVESFCFMƒy)LGIG6R EGJISqLKR >CqpVSFMbš?LmOpb@9ECqL
} CFEMVMVS OQEPpVS k GECFM-w k @VŸSFCFJGISgR R pm‘Ay)LSFC j SqLCqL}CgEMVMbLG{>IMVERTRKLGAHLmt€E pNy)Lm@9JALG^ˆ
œžSqL)u)LMVU9WA@9LSqŸ>IGAHoJALm@ žŸ ‡LmOpbL‘sHLR E r JALm@}EP@VpbL‘PSFMbpMbLWA@JIL>ApVCFSFUDW^ˆsœLMby)LmHLG yNSq@9JJEM<B@9HLmŸGISFM jk G JALG
HL k R Lmpb@9SFMVUDWALG B0SqHLGIMVUDWIEPt…pbLG JALm@)}EP@VpbLžEGTR EGU9WALG ‹pbLCFCqLGTJ k R SFGISFLm@Vpm‘{>IR u)LSFMVšSqLCAŸ?LSJILm@0œL GISqpVS k G
JILm@lXž@VLGA{mLG jk G ‹SqLJICg>IGAHMbHLmŸSFLmpbLG^ˆ Ÿy k WCNLSFG&‹šSFLCq@9E>IR E>It›H@9>GIJ JILm@n>A{m{S{SqLm@D>IGAHŠJILm@’œžEPpbLG
LGpVMbpbLWpm‘xy0Lm@DJALG j SqLCqL,SLC0R Sqp JALR RTESFRTECqLG 6Lm@9p ~ jk CgCqL =^>AHLW k r @9SqHOLSFpD‚ƒHLmt€>IGIJALGˆ2œžSqLMbL 6Lm@VpbL
>Ir Ÿ3Lm@9yNSqLmHLG’Ÿ?LS^JALm@Nu)Lmy0Lm@9pV>IGAHTJALm@NŸ3LSgJALG ž>ALCFCFLG^ˆ
6LGG
LME>AtJALm@} EP@VpbL#OLSFGAL$†‡GAt k @DR EPpVS k GALG|HSqŸIp#~€CqLmLm@VLNLmHS k GALG ‚JIEGG yoSq@9J|JIEMxB@VHLmŸ GISFM jk GK†+GIt k @9RTEQv
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