pp p̄ hpT i Np̄ τ p̄ γ pp p̄ pp γ γ π0 η γ η0 à !χc p∗p̄ Np̄ Θ c 1 ∗ d3 σ E = 1− σpp p̄ d3 p∗p̄ 4πp2c pc Zc (p∗p̄ ) = Np̄ pp τ hpT i Mp̄ pp p̄ Θc pc p̄ p pc = Mp̄ βc Γc2 − 4, 2 c βc χc , p∗p̄ pT p2 + + ∆c T2 , T0 p0 Mp̄ σpp Np̄ pp p̄ −Zc (p∗ p̄ ) p̄ βc Γc ≥ 2 ∆c γ p̄ χc = 1 + ∆c (9.89ξc )4 exp[−10.5ξc ], ICRC 2007 Proceedings - Pre-Conference Edition p̄ p̄ ∆c = 1 − exp[−(5.54ξc )3.5 ], X Ep̄ Mp̄ 1 = p , pc βc Γc2 − 4 ξc = p̄ p̄ Ep̄ /Ep Ep p̄ 1 dσ = Np̄ (Ep )Θc (Ep ) σpp dX Z 1 ξdξ × (1 − ξ)χc −Zc (ξ, ξT ) p , 2 + ξ2 ξ ξm c τ = T0 /p0 , ωc = pc /T0 , Zc (ξ, ξT ) = ωc (ξ + τ ξT ) + ∆c ξT2 /ξc2 , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ξm (X) = 2(Γc2 − 1)¯1 − βp̄ (X)/βc ¯X, p∗p̄ pT ξ = , ξT = = ξ sin θ ∗ , pc pc ξT (ξ, X) = ξ≈0 p̄ τ ≈0 βp̄ c q p ξ 2 − [2X − ξ 2 + ξc2 /βc ]2 , p̄ X Γc À 1 “ Mp̄ τ ¯ ¯" ¶# µ ¯ s ¯ 1 ξm 3s ≈ ¯¯ 2 − 1¯¯ 1+ 2 −1 , X 4Ep̄ 4Γc 4Ep̄2 τ p̄ Np̄ ξm (X) ≈ X ≈ Ep̄ /Ep , Θc = 1/Ξ2,1 (τ, ωc ), Ξ`,m (τ, ωc ) = × θ Z 1 Ep̄ À Z 1 0 ξ ` dξ ξ 2 + ξc2 0 √ s/2. √ x = 2p∗L / s p∗L (1 − ξ)χc p −Zc (ξ, ξt) Ep̄ À p̄ tm dt √ . 1 − t2 Ep̄ /Ep p̄ dσ = 2πpp̄ dEp̄ Z Ep̄ Ep̄ d3 σ d(cos θ), d3 pp̄ Np̄ T0 p̄ cos θ p0 Ep̄ pc ICRC 2007 Proceedings - Pre-Conference Edition √ Ep̄ Ep̄ / s X≡ = p , 2pc βc Γc βc2 Γc2 − 4 √ s χc ∆c Np̄ τ hpT i E p̄ hpT i Ξ`,m (τ, ωc ) hpT i/pc = Ξ3,2 (τ, ωc )/Ξ2,1 (τ, ωc ). p̄ hpT i h i hpT i(Ek ) = pT,0 1 − exp(−aT Êk ) ÊkbT , Êk = KE Ek , KE = 1 − E /Ek , pT,0 Ek aT p̄ hpT i Ek ≈ E Ek → E ωc hpT i bT Np̄ τ i Ξ3,2 (τ, ωc ) pT,0 h 1−exp(−aT Êk ) ÊkbT = . pc Ξ2,1 (τ, ωc ) pT τ ICRC 2007 Proceedings - Pre-Conference Edition Np̄ T0 p0 Np̄ hpT i p̄ p̄ P0 = ∗ ∗ ∗ p √L )/(Ep̄ + pL )] s = 30.6 ln[(Ep̄∗ + Ep Np̄ p̄ x = 016, 0.32 x Np̄ τ p̄ Np̄ τ Ek h i 1/2 1/4 5.15 1 − exp(−aN Êk ) Êk , Np̄ = Np̄,0 KE Np̄,0 = 0.0233 aN = 0.0880 τ √ s − 4Mp 4Mp p̄ τ = τ0 h√ iaτ s − 4Mp , τ0 = 0.363 aτ = 0.823 p̄ ICRC 2007 Proceedings - Pre-Conference Edition 1 2 p̄ y ∗