Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Part 3 Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Reminder (Part I, II) - DNA-structure, replication - Enzymes: polymerases, ligases, restriction-endonucleases - basic steps in DNA-cloning (digestion, ligation) - Labeling of DNA (PCR, PNK, Nick-translation, random-priming) - hybridization-techniques (FISH, SKY) Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Southern-Blot: transfer of DNA to a filter and subsequent analyisis http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTE3R5Mj5SEwH57661FL2vgvY6V6qtitBV56p4jZKSNQaZgXnDUDNfX9K9 Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Southern-Blot: proof of a genomic integration in S. pombe rad22+ rad22::ura4+ Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP): (Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia, haemoglobin gene, homozygous decreased life span, blood cells may agglutinate, heterozygous advantage/resistance against malaria) Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Northern blot: Transcription analysis RNA is transfered to a filter and subsequently analysed. Cell-cycle dependent transcription of human transferin-receptors (Kawabata et al., 2000, JBC 275: 16618-16625) http://www.molecularstation.com/de/rna/northern-blot/ Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Basic techniques: DNA-Sequencing Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Basic techniques: DNA-Sequencing Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Basic techniques: DNA-Sequencing Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann The sequence of the „open reading frame“ defines the protein-sequence T.A. Brown, Gene und Genome, Spektrum Verlag Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann 3 bases of a codon define the respective amino acid DNA: mRNA: Protein: ATG CCC GCG ACC … GCT TAA TGA AUG CCC GCG ACC … GCU UAA UGA Met Pro Ala Thr … Ala St. St. (Uracil substitutes Thymine) T.A. Brown, Gene und Genome, Spektrum Verlag Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Overlap Extension PCR: creation of an ORF of fusion proteins Creation of artifical gene-fusions on DNA-level DNA: Protein: ATG CCC GCG ACC … GCT ATG GGC CCA … Met Pro Ala Thr … Ala Met Gly Pro … Protein x GFP Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Overlap Extension PCR: creation of an ORF of fusion proteins (e.g. localization studies) Creation of artifical gene-fusions on DNA-level DNA: Protein: ATG CCC GCG ACC … GCT ATG GGC CCA … Met Pro Ala Thr … Ala Met Gly Pro … Protein x GFP blog.tutor2go.de/.../2008/10/fpbeachtsien.jpg Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Overlap Extension PCR: creation of an ORF of a fusion proteins Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Basic steps of recombinant DNA-technology Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Transformation of DNA Defines the cellular uptake of „naked“ DNA into host cells Generation of genetical engineered organisms, special legal requirements for laboratory: (GVO) GenTSV Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Transformation procedures Competent cells Cells which readily accept foreign DNA after specific treatments Chemical transformations Transformation efficiency is enhanced by: Incubation of E. coli with CaCl2 Incubation of yeasts with Li-salt Calciumphosphate-incubation with human cells Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Physico-chemical transformations: Electroporation Application of a electric pulse increases permeability of cell membranes www.inovio.com/images/IMG_electroporation.gif Vorlesung „Grundlagen der Genetik“ Lecture „ Basics in Genetics“ Institut für Genetik, Prof. Dr. G. Rödel, Dr. K. Ostermann Physico-chemical transformations Particle bombardment (Biolistic) DNA on gold/tungsten particles Particles are higly accelerated Cells on the surface of a plate are hit by partcles DNA is released within the cell Transformation of organelles