Potenziale und Herausforderungen der Mobilkommunikation

Who we are (1)
DECUS München e.V.
Potenziale und Herausforderungen
der Mobilkommunikation
History
23. DECUS Symposium, Bonn,
29.03.2000
Bernhard Kuhn
Leiter Training Mobilkommunikation
T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH,Nürnberg
1
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
March 20, 2000
Who we are (2)
•
1981 Corporate Training Department, Philips GmbH
•
1989 Business Unit of
Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG
•
Independent GmbH since May 1, 1994,
following a Management-Buy-Out
•
1994 Foundation of Subsidiary
T.O.P. BusinessConsult GmbH
•
1999 Foundation of Subsidiary
T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
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March 20, 2000
Our Services
Organization
•Mobile Networks
•Fixed Networks
.
......................
Fixed Network
Communication
Mobile
Communication
Organization
Development
Staff
Development
.
.
.
(Nuremberg / Neuss)
(Nuremberg / Neuss)
(Hamburg)
(Hamburg)
.
TK
TM
•100% Subsidiary
.
TD
TF
•Web-based Training
60%
•60% Subsidiary
• Telecommunication
Systems and
Applications
(CallCenter, Mobile Office)
• Operation System
Software
• Application Software
• Software
Technology
• Multimedia
• GSM, GPRS, UMTS,
Key Figures
Tetrapol, DECT
• Network Planning
Total Staff in ´99: 80
~100 Partners world-wide
Training centers: Nuremberg, Hamburg, Neuss
DIN EN ISO 9001 certification since ´93, renewed `00
Total sales ´99: DEM 19.3m
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• GSM Project Management
• Organizational Development
• Leadership Training
March 20, 2000
Agenda
• Total-Quality-Management
• Marketing and Sales Training
• Process-Management
• Logistics
• Project-Management
• Working Skills Training
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March 20, 2000
Market Situation
1. Market Situation
Mobile Market
Share by Operator
(1)
4. HSCSD
5. GPRS
2. Market Evolution
Scenarios
3. WAP
150.000
1.200.000
6. EDGE
9.800.000
4.000.000
7. UMTS
Intention of This Presentation:
• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G
Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision
(Mar 00)
•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market
Aspects
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10.200.000
March 20, 2000
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March 20, 2000
1
Market Situation
Market Situation
Mobile Market
Share by Operator
(2)
Mobile Market
Share by Vendor
(1)
14%
30%
1%
5%
16%
Others 6%
39%
4%
(Mar 00)
46%
39%
Source: Telecom Handel 2000
7
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March 20, 2000
Market Situation
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
2G Mobile
Technologies 101,4
6%
5%
10%
48,0
D-AMPS
CDMA
GSM
PDC
Analogue
25%
17%
244,3 (Mar 00)
10%
12%
Others
D-AMPS: IS-54, IS-136
CDMA: IS-95
PDC: Japanese TDMA
GSM: GSM 900/1800/1900
Source: Telecom Handel 2000
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Source: Telecoms World, Q1/2000
33,7
42,0
9%
9
March 20, 2000
Agenda
Total No. Of Subscribers: 469.5m
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Market Evolution Scenarios
1. Market Situation
Roadmap to the
Future (1)
4. HSCSD
5. GPRS
2. Market Evolution
Scenarios
Mobile email
Mobile Internet
Content push ?
WAP appl.
Telemetry
WTA services Telematic
Unified messaging
WAP appl. STK
Information mobile banking E-postcard
on-line games
SMS-to-email services
email-to-SMS
CSD mobile to:
internet / intranet
SMS
HSCSD
person-to-person
6. EDGE
3. WAP
7. UMTS
Intention of This Presentation:
• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G
Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision
some vertical
applications
•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market
Aspects
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March 20, 2000
Market Situation
Mobile Market
Share by Vendor
(2)
6%
8
11
1998
March 20, 2000
Mobile multi-media
audio, video, text
eCommerce
on demand
mobile shopping
ordering / payment
Video telephony
Video conferencing
Video games
UMTS
GPRS
1999
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2000
2001
12
2002
time
March 20, 2000
2
Market Evolution Scenarios
Near-Future
Service Revenue
by Mobile Data
1999 - 2001
E-mail, Fax
5%
7%
Market Evolution Scenarios
3%
1%
Online Banking
1%
LDS
30%
10%
WWW
Simple Infoservices
Mobile Office
Telemetry
Games
13%
15%
15%
Payments
•Development of fixed-mobile convergent services
•Focus: Western markets
•Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
•Combined voice mailbox, personal number
•IN-based call forwarding
•2nd fixed line for web services
•Combined billing systems
•Fixed-mobile switches present, but limited use
•Interconnection and national roaming
•General telecommunication licences
Telematics
Source: Siemens 1999
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Source: Ovum 2000
March 20, 2000
Market Evolution Scenarios
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Market Evolution Scenarios
2002 - 2004
2005 - 2007
•Convergent services widely used
•Mobile voice > fixed voice
•Internal mobile services integrated to LAN
•3G systems operational with ATM-based backbones
•Same IN base for fixed and mobile networks
•Unified messaging widely used
•Mobile docking stations for home office use
•Network operator - IT co. Partnerships for efficient
service creation and delivery
•Fixed-mobile integration is standard
•Mobile traffic (voice & data) > fixed traffic
•Fixed network focussed on web services
•
for in-house communication
•Intensive competition
•Convergent products are crucial for full-scale providers
•Time to market for new services: some weeks
•Intensive use of value added services
Source: Ovum 2000
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Market Evolution Scenarios
Source: Ovum 2000
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Market Evolution Scenarios
GSM Subscriber
Growth (1)
Source: Mobilcom 2000
GSM Subscriber
Growth (2)
600
60
500
50
Million Subscribers
400
300
200
100
Source: Mobilcom 2000
40
30
20
10
0
0
1999
2000
17
2001
2002
2003
19
97
1998
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98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
Million Subscribers
March 20, 2000
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3
Market Evolution Scenarios
Mobile Technologies
per Generation
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Market Evolution Scenarios
250
200
WAP
GSM
UMTS
GPRS
150
100
50
•
•
•
•
10
09
20
07
08
20
06
04
05
20
20
March 20, 2000
•
03
Migration of GSM (2G) towards 2.5G in Competition to IMT-2000 (3G)
2002
SMG: Special Mobile Group
3GPP: 3G Partnership Project
ETSI: European Telecommunication
Standards Insitute
HSCSD: High-Speed Circuit-Switched
Data
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
EDGE: Enhanced Data Rate for Global
Evolution
UMTS: Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
EDGE 2
UMTS
2Mbps
2Mbps
EDGE
2001
E-GPRS / ECSD
384kbps
GPRS
2000
115.2kbps
HSCSD
1999
1996
57.2kbps
GSM
Phase 2
WAP
9.6kbps
SMG
3GPP
20
02
20
20
00
20
99
19
01
0
98
20
99
•
•
•
19
20
Roadmap to the
Future (2)
Souce: Durlacher, Dataquest
300
Million Subscribers
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Market Evolution Scenarios
Mobile Technologies in
Europe
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19
Source: Mobilcom 2000
20
2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
0
200
03
500
400
20
1.000
2. Gen.
2.5. Gen.
3. Gen.
600
20
1.500
800
01
2.000
1.000
02
2.500
20
3.000
Souce: UMTS Forum 1999
1.200
20
Million Subscribers, worldwide
Million Subscribers
3.500
00
Mobile Catch-Up
20
Market Evolution Scenarios
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Agenda
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March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
1. Market Situation
The Idea
4. HSCSD
5. GPRS
2. Market Evolution
Scenarios
• Wireless web browsing
6. EDGE
3. WAP
7. UMTS
Internet
Intention of This Presentation:
• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G
Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision
•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market
Aspects
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March 20, 2000
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March 20, 2000
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Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Application Protocol
Problems (1)
Problems (2)
• Operation: with one single finger
• Hardware:
• Software
–
–
–
–
–
–
– Use of www formats
Display with only 4-10 lines
Keypad (0...9, *, #)
Cursor controlling (function key)
Dedicated keys
Programmable defining of keys (soft key)
No mouse pointer (point-and-click)
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– Presentation of www formats
(mini-display vs. complex web page)
March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
March 20, 2000
WAP as a
Standard (1)
• Low data rate (MTU 100byte)
• Global wireless protocol specification
• Transmission time (delay of several seconds)
• Variety of transport options and device types
• Lost of information on the air interface due to
interference
• To develop new differentiated service
• Often half-duplex transmission (download scenarios)
• Addressing of data packets
27
• More and varied applications, advanced services
and internet / intranet access
• Cost efficiency
March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
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March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
WAP as a
Standard (2)
WWW Model (1)
• Provides a very flexible and powerful model
• Multi-vendor approach
• WAP Forum originally consisted of 5 manufacturers
• Set of standard data formats
• Web browsers
Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, Unwired Planet a.o.
• Achieve universal internet-based information access
on wireless devices
• HTML
• Includes all the mechanisms to communicate with
any origin server
• Environment based fundamentally on the World Wide Web
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Wireless Application Protocol
Problems (3)
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March 20, 2000
• Most common used protocols are HTTP
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Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Application Protocol
WWW Model (2)
WAE Model (1)
Client
• Model closely follows that of the WWW
• Transports before an 'optimised' HTTP-like protocol
is used when transferring the content across the
air interface
• The WAE architecture allows, services developed by
using proven technologies such as
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and Java, to be
hosted on standard web servers
Origin
Server
Request (URL)
User
Agent
Response (Content)
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
CGI;
Script
Content
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March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
WAE Model (2)
WAE Model (3)
Client
• Reflection the device and network characteristics
WAE
WAE
UserAgent
Agent
User
• Responsible for encoding and decoding data
• Minimising the amount of data
33
Origin
Server
Gateway
Encoded Request
• Call control and messaging
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Request
Encoded Content
March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
CGI;
Script
Content
Content
Encoders&&
Encoders
Decoders
Decoders
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Content
Content
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March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
WAP Key
Features
WAP Network
WAP
Proxy
• WAP client is able to communicate with two servers
binary
WML
Wireless
Wireless
Network
Network
(WAP-Proxy and WTA)
WML
• WAP proxy server translates WAP request messages
WML
into WWW request messages
WTA
• Encoding of contents into a binary WML
Server
Filter
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March 20, 2000
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WWW
Server
HTML
36
HTML
March 20, 2000
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Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Application Protocol
WAP Protocol
Stack
WAP Navigation
(1)
Other Services &
• Transaction oriented model (non-surf oriented)
Applications
Wireless Session Protocol
• „Cards“ & „Decks“ for selecting an application (mail,
banking ...)
Wireless Transaction Protocol
• Function (soft) keys are context dependent
Wireless Transport Layer Security
• Navigation = browsing with display-cards of command
stacks
Wireless Application Environment
Network Data
...
Bearer Service
Other Wireless Systems
GPRS
Circuit-Switched
Data
Cell
Broadcast
SMS
USSD
-
GSM
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Wireless Application Protocol
Bank
Intra
Shop
Mail
Press 1 for“sending”
Press 2 for“receiving”
Press 3 for“new”
Press 4 for“reading”
Press # for“other card”
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March 20, 2000
Wireless Application Protocol
Telephone VAS
(1)
• Embedding of phones and WWW in one surface
• Installation of new services
• Access with WML scripts via micro-browser or own
user interface
– network and equipment independent subscriber
administration
– prepared for new services....
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March 20, 2000
Narrow-band
Sockets (1)
Filter
HTML
WAP
Proxy
WML
Wireless Network
HTML
Filter
WAP Proxy
• Advanced interfaces (TAPI, WinSock) for narrowband network access
• Protocols: WTP (transport), WSP (session)
• Version 1.1 for Win9x and NT
• Regular part of WinSock 2.0 (Win98)
• Open specification, up to now for GSM, in future also
for CDPD, TDMA, CDMA
• „Always On - Always Connected“ (AOAC)
WML
WML
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Wireless Application Protocol
Telephone VAS
(2)
Web
Server
38
Wireless Application Protocol
WAP Navigation
WAP
(2)
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WML
41
TeleVAS
Server
WML
March 20, 2000
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March 20, 2000
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Agenda
Wireless Application Protocol
Narrow-band
Sockets (2)
1. Market Situation
Internet
GSM
WAP
Phone
Desktops
APP1
Sockets
NBS
SMS
SMS
Gateway
Sockets
NBS TCP/
SMS IP
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TCP
Gateway
Sockets
TCP/ NBS
IP Mobitex
Mobitex
APP1
Sockets
NBS
SMS
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March 20, 2000
•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market
Aspects
Standard Channel
Coding
240
244
Convolutional
Code
Puncturing
488 - 32
22.8 kbps
(9.6 net)
March 20, 2000
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March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
Characteristics
bits / 20ms
588
456
• C Higher net bit rate
:
1/2 Rate
Convolutional
Code
Puncturing
588 - 132
14.5 kbps
22.8 kbps
(14.4 net)
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12 kbps
Improved Channel
Coding
Block Code
290 + 4
bits / 20ms 488
1/2 Rate
Block Code
240 + 4
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
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March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
• Net bit rate boost 9.6 14.4 kbps by improved
channel coding
• Smooth integration to infrastructure by SW updates
• TCH bundeling 1...4
• symmetric / asymmetric mode
• implemented by ~20 NO world-wide
in Germany
,
by year-end 2000
• GSM 02.34 (Stage 1)
• GSM 03.34 (Stage 2)
290
44
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Key Features
45
7. UMTS
• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G
Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision
Notebook
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
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6. EDGE
3. WAP
Intention of This Presentation:
NBS
Gateway
NBS
Gateway
Notebook
Service
Center
Web Server
5. GPRS
2. Market Evolution
Scenarios
PDA
Service
Center
4. HSCSD
Mobitex
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March 20, 2000
•
•
•
•
3 x 9.6 = 28.8kbps
3 x 14.4 = 43.2kbps
D Less resistant against interferences
D Handover problems at cell borders
D Variable Bit Rate (Charging?)
Adaptive Link Adaptation selects either standard or
improved channel coding according to transmission
quality (BER) for optimized data transmission
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March 20, 2000
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High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
HSCSD
Architecture
Available Bit
Rates
TCH
9.6 kbps
Input
9.6
19.2
28.8
38.4
1
2
3
4
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PSTN
ISDN
PDN
14.4 kbps
Input
14.4
28.8
43.2
57.6
BTS
TRAU
MSC
Max.
IWF
4 TCH
March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
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March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
Split-Combine
Function
Impact on
Mobile Station
• Located in IWF of MSC and MS
• IWF /MSC
• 18 different classes according to possible TCH
combinations
• asymmetric combinations (> DL, < UL)
• symmetric combinations (DL = UL)
• Phase 1: (TCH)DL + (TCH)UL < 4
– traffic + monitoring with 1 RF part
• Only Nokia Cellular Card V2.0 available
– Switching capability: 64kbps
– Max. no. of 4 TCH at 16kbps
• MS
–
–
–
–
BSC
3 TS offset between TX and RX
min. 1 TS required to switch between TX and RX path
TS for adjacent cell monitoring
Max. no. of 4 TCH (with 2nd RX)
51
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High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
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March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
TS Allocation
Examples
Multi-slot
Class 1 MS
1+1 Mode
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
MS RX
TCH
MS TX
DL+UL
MS Monitor
1+1
2+2
2+1
3+1
2+1 Mode
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
MS RX
MS TX
DL Bit Rate
(kbps)
<14.4
<28.8
<28.8
<43.2
UL Bit Rate
(kbps)
<14.4
<28.8
<14.4
<14.4
MS Monitor
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March 20, 2000
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High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
TCH Allocation
acc. to Traffic
(1)
Operation
Modes
• Transparent Mode
3+1 TCH
– Forward Error Correction by Data Terminal Equipment
– requires constant data rate
• Non-transparent Mode
BSC
– RLP by MS and IWF
– enables flexible bit rates
– more suitable for HSCSD
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3+1 TCH
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March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
TCH Allocation
acc. to Traffic
(2)
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March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
TCH Allocation
acc. to Traffic
(3)
3+1 TCH
• Flexible TCH allocation in HO situation
BSC
– due to traffic
– due to BER
– reduces blocking
2+1 TCH
• Controlled by
– MS
– Application / service
1 TCH
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March 20, 2000
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
March 20, 2000
Evolution
Fast e-mail transfer
Fast Document transfer
More efficient data download from host PC
Cheaper web surfing / download
E-card (digital photos taken by MS-integrated camera)
Standard quality video transmission
– ~30...40 kbps required ( 3+1 TCH)
– security supervision services (telematics)
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High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
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March 20, 2000
• HSCSD is best transmission mode for real time
applications
– video conferencing
– fax transfer
• Already available!!
• Co-existence with GPRS for non-bursty transmission
• Adaptation to EDGE (Enhanced Data Rate for Global
Evolution)
– Enhanced Circuit-Switched Data (ECSD): 384 kbps
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March 20, 2000
10
Agenda
General Packet Radio Service
1. Market Situation
Key Features (1)
4. HSCSD
5. GPRS
2. Market Evolution
Scenarios
•Mobile multimedia services
•New content providers, e.g., video, music
•Internet extension to the MS
•No longer need to dial up a separate ISP
•Immediate and virtual connection
•Access to corporate intranets
•Competitive advantage and more flexible lifestyles
•Billing per byte as in the Internet
•Independent from mobile standard (GSM, IS-136)
6. EDGE
3. WAP
7. UMTS
Intention of This Presentation:
• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G
Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision
•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market
Aspects
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March 20, 2000
Key Features (2)
Efficient Radio
Resource Use
•Packet switching technology
•Fixed elements based on IP routing
•Standard data protocols (TCP, UDP, X.25)
•Sharing the same radio channel very efficiently
•Under good conditions > 21 kbps per TS (Um IF)
•Max. of 171.2 kbps per user on the Um IF
•4 different QoS levels (quality of service)
•Best transmission medium for bursty traffic, e.g.,
Internet access, file transfer, etc.
•Less initial investment than for 3G systems (UMTS)
63
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General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
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Load
Extra capacity can be given to packet data users
Load
Max cap.
Average
Time
March 20, 2000
General Packet Radio Service
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Time
64
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General Packet Radio Service
Internet
Extension
IP Addresses
A GPRS network seen as a
sub-network of the Internet
201.19.26.43
GPRS
Network
201.19.26.0
201.19.26.86
Router (IP)
Network B
198.14.76.0
Network A
202.74.18.0
202.74.18.26
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March 20, 2000
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
198.14.76.4
66
198.14.76.27
March 20, 2000
11
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Phase 1
GPRS Phase 2
•TCP/IP and X.25 bearer services
•Support of additional point-to-point and
•GPRS identities
•GPRS security, using a new encryption algorithm
point-to-multipoint services
•Operator Call Barring and Termination
•Traffic telematics, UIC train control
•Operator Call Screening
•ISDN / other PSPDN support
•Support of SMS over GPRS
•Support of additional SS
•Support of packet charging
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
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General Packet Radio Service
68
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March 20, 2000
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Remote
Access
VPN with
GPRS
•Private communications across public networks
Security Gateway
VPN Tunnel for encrypted Communication
•Information is encrypted (56 / 128 bit key)
Internet
•Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Host
GPRS
•Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
•SOCKS
•IPsec (Secure IP)
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Intranet
69
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70
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General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Architecture
GGSN
Functions
•Transport Layer Routing Protocol Support
•PDU tunnelling
•Screening
•Data packet counting
billing
•Address mapping, routing tables
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March 20, 2000
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12
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
SGSN
Functions
GSM - GPRS
Communication
•Mobility Management
PSTN
Mobile Operator
A
•Ciphering
•Compression
BS
BS
SCP
HLR
BS
BS
Mobile
Operator B
SCP
BS
BSC
Gb
A
A
ISUP
MAP
CAP
SGSN
CAP
MAP
BS
A
ISUP
MSC
MSC
A
BSC
Gn
GGSN
GGSN
Gn
BS
Gb
BS
BSC
A
BSC
Gb
BS
HLR
SGSN
Gb
BS
Gi
Gi
•GSM Circuit-switched Interactions
•BSS Queue Management
IP network
•Data Packet Counting
73
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General Packet Radio Service
Network Element
Functions (1)
Packet Data Network
Function
Network Access Control
Registration
Authentication
Authorisation
Admission Control
Message Screening
Packet Terminal Adaption
Charging Data Collection
Inter-PLMN Backbone
GGSN
.........................Gp...............................
BG
BG
.........Gi
GGSN
Intra-PLMN Backbone
Intra-PLMN Backbone
PLMN A
SGSN
SGSN
SGSN
PLMN B
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General Packet Radio Service
Function
Link Management
Link Establishment
Link Maintenance
Link Release
Radio Resource Management
Um Management
Cell Selection
Um-Tran
Path Management
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
MS
BSS
SGSN
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
GGSN
HLR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pack et Routing & Transfer
Relay
Routing
Address Translation
Encapsulation
Tunneling
Compression
Ciphering
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mobility Management
X
X
X
X
X
X
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
X
X
X
X
March 20, 2000
76
General Packet Radio Service
Network Element
Functions (2)
Logical
Logical
Logical
Logical
March 20, 2000
General Packet Radio Service
Backbone
Networks
Gi.......
74
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GPRS Mobiles
MS
BSS
X
X
X
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
X
X
X
Class A
•Supports simultaneously
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
77
circuit switched and packet
switched attach, monitors
X
and actualizes data traffic
March 20, 2000
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Class B
•Is able to simultaneously
attach and monitor both
circuit switched and packet
switched traffic
•Transfer is supported only
on either of the two services
sequentially
•The selection of the service
is made automatically
78
Class C
•Does not support
simultaneous attach,
monitor nor traffic
•Either GPRS or a
circuit switched
service has to be
selected (manually
or by default
settings)
March 20, 2000
13
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
Bit rate Summary
on the BSS IF
Resulting Bit Rates
System
MSC-TC
TC-BSC
BSC-BTS
BTS-MS
GSM Phase2
12 kbps (9.6)
12 kbps (9.6)
12 kbps (9.6)
33.8 kbps (9.6)
GSM Phase2+
14.5 kbps (14.4)
14.5 kbps (14.4)
14.5 kbps (14.4)
33.8 kbps (14.4)
HSCSD (n<=4)
n x 14.5 kbps (14.4)
n x 14.5 kbps (14.4)
n x 14.5 kbps (14.4) n x 14.5 kbps
n x 21.4 kbps (14.4)
n x 21.4 kbps (14.4)
n x 21.4 kbps (14.4)
(14.4)
GPRS (n<=8)
Scheme
CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4
Coding Data / Coded
rate
20 ms bits
1/2
2/3
3/4
1/1
181
268
312
428
456
588
676
456
Punc- Gross
tured rate
bits
(bps)
0
132
220
0
9050
13400
15600
21400
n x 21.4 kbps
(14.4)
March 20, 2000
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© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Mobility
Management
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach
READY
READY
READY timer
expiry or
force to STANDBY
or abnormal RLC
condition
PDU transmission
PDU reception
STANDBY
STANDBY
MM State Model of MS
MM State Model of SGSN
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General Packet Radio Service
BTS 1.
BSC
SGSN
GPRS
GPRS
Backbone
Backbone
network
network
4.
5.
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
PDP Context
Activation (1)
BTS 1.
HLR
BSC
2.
SS7
SS7
6.
3.
GGSN
83
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General Packet Radio Service
HLR
6.
GPRS
Implementation in
GSM Networks
•SW & HW updates of BTS, BSC, MSC, VLR/HLR,
O& M, Billing Centre
•New elements (SGSN, GGSN, BG, routers firewalls, DNS
•New terminal equipment
•IP competence required at NO and MS / infrastructure
supplier
•New business model (value chain)
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach
READY timer
expiry or
force to STANDBY
STANDBY timer
expiry or
cancel location
IDLE
IDLE
STANDBY timer
expiry
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DNS
DNS
AP
SGSN
INTERNET
INTERNET
4.
5.
AP
March 20, 2000
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
2.
SS7
SS7
GPRS
GPRS
Backbone
Backbone
network
network
INTRANET
INTRANET
PDP Context
Activation (2)
3.
GGSN
84
DNS
DNS
AP
INTRANET
INTRANET
INTERNET
INTERNET
AP
March 20, 2000
14
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
2.
GPRS Traffic
Enablers (1)
Location Update
1.
BTS
SGSN2
“new”
BTS
BSC
MSC/
VLR
SS7
SS7
Rank
Application
1 Corporate e-mail
2 Internet e-mail
BSC
SGSN1
“old”
INTERNET
INTERNET
GPRS
GPRS
Backbone
Backbone
network
network
GGSN
HLR
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
AP
AP
March 20, 2000
85
General Packet Radio Service
10
Chat
Bearer
GPRS
GPRS
GPRS
GPRS /
HSCSD
GPRS /
SMS
March 20, 2000
86
Rank
Application
11 Home automation
12 Document sharing /
collaborative working
13 Audio
March 20, 2000
87
Agenda
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Bearer
GPRS
GPRS
GPRS
88
March 20, 2000
Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
1. Market Situation
EDGE Purpose
4. HSCSD
5. GPRS
2. Market Evolution
Scenarios
• Reuse much of the existing physical layer
• UWC-136 compliant (E-TDMA, IS136HS)
• Evolved circuit-switched data (ECSD)
6. EDGE
3. WAP
7. UMTS
– Improvement for HSCSD
– 57.6kbps multi-slot
69kbps single-slot
Intention of This Presentation:
• Enhancements for GPRS (E-GPRS)
• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G
Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision
– 8 x 69.2 = 553.6kbps max.
– 8 x 48 = 384kbps achieved
•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market
Aspects
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
GPRS
GPRS
GPRS Traffic
Enablers (3)
Application
File transfer
Web browsing
Still images
Moving images
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
4
5
Information services
(qualitative)
Job dispatch
Remote LAN access
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Traffic
Enablers (2)
Rank
6
7
8
9
3
Bearer
GPRS
GPRS /
SMS
GPRS
89
• EDGE2 for up to 2Mbps (?), equals to IMT-2000!!
March 20, 2000
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
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March 20, 2000
15
Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
8PSK
Modulation (1)
8PSK
Modulation (2)
• Linear Modulation
• Mapping of 3 consecutive bits onto 1 symbol
on the I/Q axis
• max. of 69.2 kbps per TCH can be achieved
(000) l
March 20, 2000
91
Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
EDGE
GMSK
Modulation
8PSK (3bit/symbol)
GMSK (1bit/symbol)
Symbol Rate
270.833 kbps
(kbit per symbol)
270.833 kbps
(kbit per symbol)
Payload in 1
burst
346 bits / burst
114 bits / burst
Gross Rate /
Timeslot
69.2 kbps
22.8 kbps
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Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
26
57 (173)+1
Payload
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
(111)
l (110)
l
(100)
92
March 20, 2000
• Higher spectrum efficiency
• GMSK is a subset of 8PSK
• Co-existence
– GMSK for training sequence, etc.
– 8PSK for payload
• Bursts partly understood by GMSK-MS
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March 20, 2000
Data Rates
• Today´s simulation: 38.4 kbps
• Option 1: 28.8kbps
3
– 3 x 9.6 or 2 x 14.4kbps when using HSCSD
– 28.8kbps is supported by V.34 modems
Training
Sequence
Tail Bits
l
Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
Burst Structure
57 (173)+1
l (011)
8PSK
Modulation (4)
To compare
3
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
+ω
Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution
8PSK Modulation (3)
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
(010)
l
(001)
(101) l
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
l
Tail Bits
• Option 2: 32kbps
– 2 x 32 = 64kbps (ISDN)
– ITU video standard H.324 compliant (64....2,048
Payload
95
March 20, 2000
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March 20, 2000
16
Agenda
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
1. Market Situation
The Aim
4. HSCSD
•“Global Multimedia Mobility”
•High mobile bandwidth on demand
•World-wide roaming
•“Add-on”: speech services
5. GPRS
2. Market Evolution
Scenarios
6. EDGE
3. WAP
7. UMTS
Intention of This Presentation:
• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G
Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision
•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market
Aspects
March 20, 2000
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Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
UMTS Services
Service
Characteristics
Network Operators and Service Management
Services
User
nominal bit
rate [kbit/s]
interactive 128
Payment
UMTS
Service
Broker
Billing
High
MM
High MM
Medium MM
Switched data
Simple messaging
Speech
Home Environment
Subscriber/
Subscriber/
User
User
Service
ServiceManagement
Management
((e.g.
ISP or Corporate Network)
Communications
Value Added
Service
Providers
Accounting
Access
Access
Network
Network
Operator
Operator
Core
network
operator
Content
Providers
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Zones in UMTS
2000
384
14
14
16
53
14
156
30
60
1509
286
14.4
10.67
16
1850
1900
ITU Allocations
1950
2000
1980
Europe
March 20, 2000
2050
20102025
2100
Micro cell
2200
2170
2250 MHz
2200
MSS
IMT 2000
MSS
UMTS
MSS
UMTS
MSS
IMT 2000
MSS
IMT 2000
MSS
GSM 1800 DECT
China
GSM
1800
WLL
IMT 2000
Pico cell
MSS
1893 1919
Japan
Korea (w/o PHS)
PHS
IMT 2000
MSS
1990
public mobile &
fixed networks
101
2150
2110
IMT 2000
WLL
Zone 1:
In building
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
15/3200
15/572
43/43
22/22
28/28
1880
Zone 2:
2Gs: Satellite
networks
0.005/1
0.026/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
100
1885 1900
Satellite
2
2
3
2
1,75
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Zone 4:
Macro cell
User net bit Coding Asymmetry Service
rate
factor factor
bandwidth*
[kbit/s]
[kbit/s]
128
2
1/1
256/256
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Zone 3:
World cell
Effective
call duration
[s]
144
The service bandwidth is the product of user nominal bit rate, codingfactor and asymmetry factor.
March 20, 2000
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March 20, 2000
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© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
privat residential &
fixed networks
March 20, 2000
North
America
PCS
A D B E F C
1850
1900
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
A D B E F C
1950
MSS =
Mobile Satellite
Services
2160
M
Reserve D
S
MSS
2000
2050
102
2100
2150
MDS =
Multipoint Service/
Mobile Data Service
MSS
2200
2250 MHz
March 20, 2000
17
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
IMT-2000 Air IF
UMTS Approach
IMT-2000
Terrestrial
Radio
Interfaces
Source: MCI, Issue 67, 12/99
code
IMT-DS
Direct Spread
IMT-MC
Multi-Carrier
IMT-TC
Time Code
IMT-SC
Single Carrier
IMT-FT
Frequency
Time
UTRA-FDD
(WCDMA)
cdma2000
UTRA TDD
&
TD-SCDMA
UWC-136
DECT
CDMA
TDMA
March 20, 2000
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
FDD Mode:
Wideband CDMA
W-CDMA
FDD mode
time
code
time
frequency
FDMA
103
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
IMT-2000 Multiple
Accesss
TD-SCDMA
Technologies
TDD mode
frequency
•In public macro and micro cell environment,
for data rates up to 384 kbps
•2 * 5 MHz of spectrum
•In public micro and pico cell environment,
for unlicensed cordless and public wireless
local loop, for data rates up to 2 Mbps and
asymmetric traffic
March 20, 2000
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© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
TDD Mode:
TD/ CDMA
MSS
Access
TDD Mode
1. Actual TDD
(timeslot structure as in cordless systems, e.g., DECT )
Timeslot pairs for duplex connection
Short Range
Coverage
with
Uplink/ Downlink
at different
times
15 + (20 MHz)
allocated
in Germany only:
10 + (20 MHz)
Wide Area Coverage
with
Uplink/ Downlink
in different
Frequency Ranges
2 x 60 MHz
allocated
Satellite
Communication
FDD
Operation
2 x 30 MHz
allocated
in Germany:
not defined now
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
2. Asymmetrical traffic in UTRA‘s TDD mode
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
RX timeslots
106
March 20, 2000
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
TDMA Channel Structure
code
RX timeslots
TX timeslots
March 20, 2000
105
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TX timeslots
W-CDMA (1)
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
•Subscribers are using different codes due to different
•CDMA provides
interference
control and high
system capacity
•Wider channel
enables high user
data ratescode
•Identical frame
structure provides
GSM system
compatibility
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
frequency
TD-CDMA
1,2 MHz
time
GSM
107
spreading sequences („different languages“ )
•Used bandwidth is up to 1000 times higher than before
frequency
200 KHz
time
March 20, 2000
•Fading dips without any impacts
• # subscribers =
ƒ (# different spreading sequences )
•Frequency planning is not necessary
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March 20, 2000
18
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Direct Sequence
Spreading
W-CDMA (2)
The system is characterised by the following key parameters:
•Multiple access scheme:
DS-CDMA
•Duplex scheme:
FDD
•Chip rate:
3.084Mcps
•Channel spacing:
4.4 - 5.2MHz (blocs of 200kHz)
•Inter-BS synchronization:
asynchronous
•Variable speading factor, multi-code, DTX
•Multi-rate, variable rate scheme
Symbol
Spreading
Symbol
Spectrum
+1
Data
Chip
-1
Chip
+1
-1
+1
Data x
Code
-1
De-Spreading
+1
Code
-1
+1
Data
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Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
GSM-UMTS Dual
Network
GSM
mobile
UMTS Network
USIM Card
GSM
Base Station
WCDMA Network Subsystem
Network Subsystem
(GSM )
GGSN
Mobile Switching Centre
Home Location Register
(GSM)
BSC
MSC
RNC
UMTS (WCDMA)
Base Station
Internet
Internet
(TCP/IP)
(TCP/IP)
Internet
Internet
(TCP/IP)
(TCP/IP)
SGSN
Base Station
Controller (GSM)
UMTS
mobile
March 20, 2000
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Packet Subsystem
Co-sited GSM + WCDMA
Base Station Subsystem
GSM / UMTS
mobile
-1
110
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USIM Card
GSM / UMTS
mobile
WCDMA Mobile Switching Centre
Home Location Register
WCDMA Packet Network
RNC
UMTS (WCDMA)
Base Station
3G-SGSN
WMSC
HLR
3G-IWU
Landline
Landline NW
NW
(PSTN/ISDN)
(PSTN/ISDN)
Radio Network
Controller
(WCDMA)
UMTS
mobile
HLR
RNC
UMTS (WCDMA)
Base Station
Radio Network
Controller (WCDMA)
IN Service Control Point
Landline
Landline NW
NW
(PSTN/ISDN)
(PSTN/ISDN)
IN Service Control Point
2001-2002
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Conclusion
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
March 20, 2000
112
Conclusion
Service Trends
A Rather Careful
Prognosis for 2004
•More data services at higher bit rates
•Value added services (charged)
•Additional to speech services
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1s t
2n d
3 rd
4th
•GSM, IS-136, IS-95 still growing
•PDC declining
•Only ~22m UMTS subscribers
•Different growth rates:
•World-wide
+174%
•Europe
+98%
•Japan
+88%
•U.S
+127%
•Developing countries:
+382%
•Total of only ~93m subscribers using mobile internet
•Far more WAP-MS than users
Technology
Enablers
•Evolved 2G systems (HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE)
•With data and speech roaming
•Used by WAP and Virtual Home Environment
•In co-existence for a long period with UMTS
•IN-based
Source: Mobilcom 2000
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19
Conclusion
Vendors´ Opinion
Standard UMTS
cdma2000
EDGE
DECT
UTRA TDD
Vendor
Notes:
rating indicates degree of importance to vendor,
Source: Telecoms World, Issue Q1/2000
© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0
115
= little or none,
= highest priority
March 20, 2000
20