Der Pulmonaliskatheter tot? Warum ich den Pulmonaliskatheter verwende und wie. Blickwinkel der Herzanästhesie Martin Dworschak, MD, MBA Ao.Univ. Prof. für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin Abteilung für Herz- Thorax Gefäßchirurgische Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin Medizinische Universität Wien Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy and gastrointestinalcomplications in major surgery: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials Br J Anaesth 2009;103:637-46 GDT & Zielgrößen Br J Anaesth 2009;103:637-46 1 Pulmonaliskatheter (Swan-Ganz) Errors in the measurement of CO by thermodilution Can J Anaesth 1993;40:142-53 PCWP & Mitralinsuffizienz 2 PCWP & Beatmung Crit Care 1992;7:22-9 PAK Komplikationen • Punktion & Einschwemmen – Art.Punktion, Blutung (Gerinnung) , Pneu, Chylothorax, Arrhythmien • Infektion (> 4d) & Thrombose • Wedge-Position – Pulmonalisruptur, Lungeninfarkt (Druckmonitoring als Kurve) • Entfernen – Arrhythmien, Knotenbildung (PM, ICD) • ABER: Schwere Komplikationen 0,5% abhängig von Erfahrung & Liegedauer Crit Care Med 2000;28:615-9 PAC mortality & APACHE II score Crit Care Med 2004;32:911-5 3 Indikationen für PAK in der Herzanästhesie am AKH Wien • • • • • • • Eingeschränkte Re- und/oder Li-Ventrikelfunktion Kombinierte OP Perioperativ bei HTX und LuTX Off-pump CABG LVAD-Implantation (Prä-Implantation, Prä-HTX) PEA Aortenbogen- /deszendensersatz Right heart failure •Congenital heart disease •Cor pulmonale •Chronic lung disease •Pulmonary emboli •Primary pulmonary hypertension •Chronic left heart failure •Post HTX or LVAD •RV infarction Intensive Care Med 2004;30:185-96 Pulmonary hypertension Definition: mean PAP > 25 mmHg at rest Circulation 2009;120:1951-60 4 Mechanical assist devices IABP, ECMO, RVAD, LVAD, BiVAD Circulation 2008;117:1717-31 Conditions warranting RHC in heart failure 1. Differentiation between hemodynamic and permeability pulmonary edema or dyspnea (or determination of the contribution of left heart failure to respiratory insufficiency in patients with concurrent cardiac and pulmonary disease) when a trial of diuretic and/or vasodilator therapy has failed or is associated with high risk. 2. Differentiation between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic shock when a trial of intravascular volume expansion has failed or is associated with high risk; guidance of pharmacologic and/or mechanical support. 3. Guidance of therapy in patients with concomitant manifestations of “forward” (hypotension, oliguria and/or azotemia) and “backward” (dyspnea and/or hypoxemia) heart failure. 4. Determination of whether pericardial tamponade is present when clinical assessment is inconclusive and echocardiography is unavailable, technically inadequate or nondiagnostic. 5. Guidance of perioperative management in selected patients with decompensated heart failure undergoing intermediate or high risk noncardiac surgery. 6. Detection of the presence of pulmonary vasoconstriction and determination of its reversibility in patients being considered for heart transplantation. JACC 1998;32:840-64 Factors influencing PAC insertion JAMA 2000;19:2559-67 5 Monitoring & Outcome • Richtige Indikation • Richtiger Patient • Richtiges Verfahren & Kenntnisse über dessen Algorithmus & inhärenten Komplikationen • Richtige Interpretation der Messdaten • Richtige Maßnahmen => Vigilanz & Erfahrung des Anwenders 6