Epochen der amerikanischen Literatur

Epochen der amerikanischen Literatur
1. Die mündlichen Überlieferung der Native Americans
2. Die frühen Kolonien des 17. und die Kolonien des 18. Jahrhunderts
- Puritanische Schriftsteller und erste Siedler: John Smith, John Winthrop, William Bradford,
Anne Bradstreet (Lyrikerin), Edward Taylor, Cotton Mather (The Wonders of the Invisible
World, 1693) u.a.
- Aufklärung und Revolution: Benjamin Franklin (The Autobiography, 1771, 1784); J. Hector
St. John de Crèvecoeur (Letters from an American Farmer, 1782, 1793); Thomas Paine, John
Adams, Thomas Jefferson (Notes on the State of Virginia, 1787), Phillis Wheatley, Gedichte;
u.a.
3. Early Republic (1775 - c. 1830)
Anfänge der amerikanischen Nation, Suche nach einer eigenen nationalen Identität
- frühe Versdichtung: Philip Freneau, Joel Barlow, John Trumbull, Hugh Henry Brackenridge
- Theater - populäre Massenunterhaltung: Roayll Tyler, William Dunlap
- früher Roman: Charles Brockden Brown, Wieland (1798), Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Hope
Leslie (1827)
- Essay und Erzählungen: Washington Irving, “Rip van Winkle”, Edgar Allan Poe
- Romane: James Fenimore Cooper, The Leatherstocking Tales
4. Romantik und ‘American Renaissance’ (1830-1860)
- Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essays, u.a. “Nature” (1836), “The American Scholar” (1837),
“Self-Reliance” (1841)
- Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1854)
- Margaret Fuller, Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1844)
- Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass
- Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter (1859)
- Herman Melville, Moby-Dick (1851)
- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
- Emily Dickinson, Poems, most unpublished
Literature of Slavery and Abolition
- David Walker, Appeal (1829); Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick
Doublass, an American Slave (1845), Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
(1861)
5. Realism, Naturalism, Premodern (1865 - c. 1900)
After the civil war; industrialization; rising monopolies, capitalism (Astor, Vanderbilt etc.),
many immigrants from Eastern Europe as labor force, new developments in technology and
science
- Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885)
- William Dean Howells, The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885)
- Henry James, “The Turn of the Screw” (1898)
- Kate Chopin, The Awakening (1899)
- Edith Wharton, The House of Mirth (1905)
- Frank Norris, Mc Teague (1899)
- Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (1906)
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6. Modern Period (1910 - 1945)
- African American writers: Booker T. Washington, W.E.B DuBois, James Weldon Johnson,
- Harlem Renaissance: Langston Hughes, Jean Toomer, Countee Cullen, Arna Bontemps,
Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay
- Lyriker: Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Wallace Stevens. e.e.
cummings, T.S. Eliot, Marianne Moore
Romanciers:
- John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath (1939)
- William Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom (1936)
- F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (1926)
- Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1941)
- Richard Wright, Native Son (1940)
Dramatiker: Eugene O’Neill, Tennessee Williams, Thornton Wilder
7. Postmodern Period
Poets: Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Theodore Roethke, Frank O’Hara, John Ashbery,
Denise Levertov, Robert Creeley, Charles Olson, Sylvia Plath, James Wright, Lawrence
Ferlinghetti……
Dramatiker: Edward Albee, Sam Shepard, David Mamet, Tony Kushner
Romanciers: Philip Roth, Bernard Malamud, Saul Bellow, Norman Mailer, Vladimir
Nabokov, John Updike, Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Don DeLillo, John Barth, Alice
Walker, Toni Morrison, Leslie Marmon Silko, Maxine Hong Kingston und, und, und….
Literatur ethnischer Minoritäten, v.a. seit den 1960 Jahren
African American, Asian American, Native American (Silko), Chicano u.a.
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