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1 1.2 Die Grammatik Ohne sichere Kenntnisse der Grammatik ist fremdsprachliche Kommunikation nur begrenzt und auf einem sehr einfachen Niveau möglich. Da Sie zur fachsprachlichen Kommunikation befähigt werden sollen, ist es unabdingbar, dass Sie die wichtigsten Strukturen der englischen Grammatik beherrschen. Im Folgenden soll nicht darauf eingegangen werden, wie grammatische Kenntnisse überprüft werden können, sondern die grundlegenden grammatischen Strukturen sollen wiederholt werden. In der Englischprüfung des Vorkurses wird es keinen separaten Aufgabenteil zur Überprüfung Ihrer Kenntnisse der englischen Grammatik geben. Im Klausurteil Schreiben jedoch wird die sprachliche Richtigkeit Ihrer Aussagen bewertet, dann spielt die Grammatik eine entscheidende Rolle und geht mit 50 Prozent in die Bewertung der Textproduktion ein. Die theoretischen Grundlagen können Sie dem Lehrbuch „New Headway Intermediate“ entnehmen. Zunächst sind in einer Übersicht für Sie die wichtigsten grammatischen Termini zusammengefasst. English term adjective adverb article auxiliary verb infinitive modal verb noun object German term explanation + example beschreibt eine Person/Sache, in Verbindung mit Substantiven Adjektiv, und bestimmten Verben gebraucht Eigenschaftswort ein schöner Tag, es ist schön a nice evening, it is nice drückt z. B. aus, wann, wie, wo etwas gemacht wird Adverb, Umstandswort heute, gut gemacht, dort today, well done, there steht vor einem Substantiv, gibt (im Deutschen) dessen Artikel, Geschlecht an Geschlechtswort der/ein Mann, die/eine Frau, the/a man, the/a woman, das/ein Hotel the/a hotel wird zusammen mit anderem Verb (=main verb, Hauptverb) Hilfsverb, gebraucht, um Zeitform und Verneinung zu bilden Hilfszeitwort Er ist angekommen. Er wird He has arrived. He will leave. weggehen. I don't understand. Infinitiv, Grundform des Verbs; im Englischen häufig mit to gebraucht Nennform gehen to go ein Hilfsverb, mit dem Fähigkeit, Notwendigkeit, Erlaubnis usw. ausgedrückt wird Modalverb Wir können gehen. Wir dürfen We can go. We must go. gehen. der Name/die Bezeichnung einer Person/Sache, kann mit Artikel Substantiv, und Adjektiv stehen Hauptwort, Tim, der Sänger, ein schöner Tim, the singer, a nice Dingwort Abend, ein neues Auto evening, a new car die Person/Sache, mit der etwas gemacht wird Objekt Ich trinke Tee. Ich lese ein I drink tea. I read a book. 2 participle Passive preposition pronoun Relative clause reported speech Subject Verb Buch. -ed-Form (past participle, Partizip II) oder -ing-Form (present Partizip participle, Partizip I) eines Verbs gespielt, liegend played, lying drückt aus, was mit jemandem/etwas getan wird, gebildet aus be Passiv, Leidefom und past participle wir wurden eingeladen we were invited steht zusammen mit einem Substantiv oder Pronomen, drückt Präposition, „Verhältnis“ zwischen zwei Dingen aus Verhältniswort das Buch auf dem Tisch, der the book on the table, the Stuhl neben der Tür chair next to the door steht für den Namen einer Person/Sache, ersetzt diesen Pronomen, ich, er; mich, ihn; dies, dieser; I, he; me, him; this; him-, Fürwort sich, uns herself, ourselves Nebensatz, der jemanden/etwas (aus dem Hauptsatz) näher beschreibt Relativsatz Der Mann, der hier wohnt, ist The man who lives here is mein Chef. my boss Wenn berichtet wird, was jemand gesagt hat, ohne das Gesagte indirekte Rede wörtlich wiederzugeben Er sagte, er könne kommen. He said he could come. die Person/Sache, die etwas macht; Handlungsträger Subjekt Ich trinke Tee. Das Buch liegt I drink tea. The book lies on auf dem Tisch. the table. Verb, Zeitwort, beschreibt eine Tätigkeit, Zustand, Vorgang Tätigkeitswort er ging, ich bin, wir lesen he went, I am, we read 1.2.1 The English tenses Erklärungen zu den englischen Zeitformen finden Sie im o. g. Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 143 bis 146, den Seiten 148 und 149, den Seiten 150 und 151 und den Seiten 153 und 154. Die folgende Übersicht ist als Zusammenfassung gedacht: THE ENGLISH TENSES simple progressive (continuous) PRESENT Every Saturday Gary works in a fish-and- ship-shop. He lives Gary is busy at the moment. He's serving some customers. He only a short bus ride from the shop. hasn't got much time this week because he's working on a school project. Wir verwenden das simple present, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung immer wieder oder nie stattfindet. Es wird auch verwendet, um einen Dauerzustand zu beschreiben. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: every day, always, usually, sometimes, never usw. Infinitiv; 3.P.Sg.: Verb -s Wir verwenden das present progressive, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens im Verlauf ist. Es wird auch verwendet, wenn die Handlung im Moment des Sprechens vorübergehend unterbrochen ist. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: now, at the moment, this week usw. am, is, are + Verb -ing PAST An hour ago Janet and Gary were having a cup of tea, when suddenly a lot of customers came in. Last year Gary decided to earn his own money. Wir verwenden das simple past, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung in der Wir verwenden das past progressive, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit im Verlauf war, jemand Vergangenheit stattgefunden hat. Es kann nur verwendet werden, wenn der Zeitpunkt bekannt ist oder nach dem Zeitpunkt gefragt wird. war mit etwas beschäftigt. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: last year, an hour ago, yesterday, in 1985, during the holidays usw. regelmäßig: Verb -ed, unregelmäßige Verben: 2.Spalte Gary has applied to go to university. was, were + Verb –ing PRESENT PERFECT Gary has been working in the shop for a year. Wir verwenden das simple present perfect, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung irgendwann stattgefunden hat. Der genaue Zeitpunkt ist unbekannt oder unwichtig; das Ergebnis ist wichtig. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: already, before (now), ever, just, never, often, (not) yet, so far Wir verwenden das present perfect progressive, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung in der Vergangenheit begonnen hat und bis (oder fast bis) in die Gegenwart andauert. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: for three hours, since ten o'clock has, have + past participle (Verb -ed, 3.Spalte) have, has been + Verb -ing PAST PERFECT Gary had read all his books before he met the author at the Gary had been living in London before he moved to Dover last university. year. Handlung vor einer Handlung / vor einem Fakt, dass Handlung stattfand had + past participle (Verb -ed, 3.Spalte) Gary will probably go to university next year. Wir verwenden das will-future, um vorherzusagen, was jemand unserer Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit, Verlauf der Handlung had been + Verb -ing FUTURE At about 7 tonight Gary will be enjoying a hot bath. Wir verwenden das will-future progressive, um vorherzusagen, womit jemand Meinung nach in der Zukunft tun wird oder was sein wird. Die simple form wird zu einem Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft beschäftigt sein wird. Die progressive form verwendet wird verwendet für eine Handlung, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt im - für eine Handlung, die immer wieder, oft auch gewohnheitsmäßig, oder nie Verlauf war, ist oder sein wird. Die Handlung ist noch nicht abgeschlossen. stattfindet. Anfang und Ende sind unwichtig. - für eine Handlung, die eindeutig abgeschlossen ist oder sein wird. Æ Vermutung, Hoffnung, Wünsche, Vorhersagen, (absolut) Festgelegtes Häufige Redewendungen: perhaps, maybe, probably, be sure, hope, suppose, think, imagine will + Infinitiv At the weekend Gary is going to visit his friends. The book is read. The book was read. The book has been read. The book had been read. The book will be read. will be + Verb -ing BE GOING TO + INFINITIV zum Ausdruck von Plänen, Absichten in naher Zukunft PASSIV The book is being read. The book was being read. unüblich, progressive form zu verwenden mit dem Handlungsträger (=Subjekt) wird etwas gemacht Form von "be" entsprechend der notwendigen Zeitform + past participle (regelmäßig: Verb -ed, unregelmäßig: 3.Spalte 3 1.2.1.1 Past Tenses Eine Erklärung der Zeitformen der Vergangenheit im Englischen finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 145 und 146. Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben sollten Sie unbedingt lösen: 1) Seite 24, Text „The Bald Knight“ 2) Seite 25, Übung 1 3) Seite 26, Übungen 1 und 2 (linke Spalte), Übung 4 4) Seite 27, Übung 2 5) Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or Past Perfect. 1. When we returned to the car we ……… (see) that someone ……………. (smash) the windows. 2. I …………..……. (realise) I ……….…………… (lose) my purse when I opened my bag. 3. By the time she ………..….. (be) eighteen she …....….. (visit) some capital cities in the world. 4. Paula ……………. (drop) the cup she was holding and …………(burst) into tears. 5. Sally was upset when ………………..……… (you/not/eat) any of her birthday cake. - I …………….. (not/can) help it. I ……………. (just/eat) a huge meal. 6. It …………… (take) nearly four hours to drive to the garden party, and when we ……….. (get) there they ………………… (refuse) to let us in! Why? Because we ……………. (forget) to bring our invitations. 7. Johnny …………... (spend) seven years of his life in prison before he ………………. (realise) that the things he ……………. (do) to get there were wrong. He …………. (rob) banks, he …………. (burgle) houses, he .……………….(steal) cars. But, fortunately, he …………….. (never/kill) anyone. 6) Join the sentences, change one verb into the Past Perfect. a) I was broke. I spent all my money on clothes. b) Jane was furious. I overslept and missed the bus. c) Mary was very disappointed with her son. He failed exams. d) I was very nervous as I waited in the departure lounge. I didn’t fly before. e) Jack wanted a new challenge in his work. He did the same job 10 years. f) I didn't know his name, but the face was familiar. I was sure I saw him somewhere before. g) When I got home, I was starving. I didn’t have anything to eat all day. 7) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word in bold. 1. Barry was very excited because it was his first time on television. Never Barry ……………………………………………………before, so he was very exited. 2. He looked familiar to me, but in fact he was a complete stranger. Met Although he looked familiar to me, I ……………….………………… before. 3. After they had had the contract read by a lawyer, they signed it. Before They had the contract read by a lawyer …………………………..……………...…. it. 4. He had to write over fifty letters to get an interview. Had He got an interview only after ……………………………………….… over fifty letters. 4 5. She left the office after turning off all the lights. turned After …………………………………………….………all the lights, she left the office. 6. I checked that I had my passport with me before left for the airport. After I left for the airport …………………………………… that I had my passport with me. 8) Seite 32, Übung 2 (linke Spalte) 1.2.1.2 Future forms Eine Übersicht und Zusammenfassung der Futurformen des Englischen finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 148 und 149. Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben sind empfehlenswert: 1) Seite 47, Übung 4 (linke Spalte) 2) In the following pairs, one verb form is right and one is wrong. Tick the correct form. a) Have you booked your holiday? [ ] Yes, we have. We’re going to Italy. [ ] Yes, we have. We’ll go to Italy. b) What a beautiful day! Not a cloud in the sky! [ ] Ah, but the weather forecast says it’s raining. [ ] Ah, but the weather forecast says it’s going to rain. c) I thought you had just bought a fax machine. [ ] Yes, that’s right. It’s being delivered tomorrow. [ ] Yes, that’s right. It will be delivered tomorrow. d) Please don’t tell anyone. It’s a secret. [ ] Don’t worry. We won’t tell anybody. [ ] Don’t worry. We’re not telling anybody. e) I haven’t got enough money to pay for my ticket. [ ] It’s OK. I’m going to lend you some. [ ] It’s OK. I’ll lend you some. f) You two look really shocked. What’s the matter? [ ] We’ve just learnt that we’re going to have twins! [ ] We’ve just learnt that we’ll have twins! g) Can you meet me after work? [ ] I’d love to, but John’s taking me out tonight. [ ] I’d love to, but John’ll take me out tonight. 3) Complete the sentences. Use be going to – will – present continuous. a) Did you buy this book? – No, Anne did. She ……………………………… (read) it on holiday. b) “Tea or coffee?“ I ………………. (take) coffee, please. c) Anne and I ………………………. (meet) next Monday. d) He ………………………………… (study) engineering. e) She ……………………………….. (spend) her holidays at home next year. f) The train ………………………….. (leave) at 10.30 next Monday. g) ”There is no cheese in the fridge!” – “I ………………….. (go) and buy some.” 5 1.2.1.3 Present Perfect und Simple Past (Active and Passive) Eine Übersicht und Zusammenfassung zur Verwendung der beiden Zeitformen finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 150 und 151. Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben sind empfehlenswert: 1) Seite 66, Übung 3 (linke Spalte) 2) Seite 66, Übung 4 (linke Spalte) 3) Seite 66, Übung 1 (rechte Spalte) 4) Seite 69, Übung 2 (linke Spalte) 5) Present Perfect and Past Simple – Decide which form is appropriate. 1. Someone ……………………… (ring) up half an hour ago and ……………………. (say) there was a virus in the computer data bank. We ………………………… (check) it but we ……………………. (not find) anything yet. This is the third alarm we …..…….. (have) this week. 2. Unfortunately, you ………………….. (not pay) yet for the goods that we ……………… (deliver) last month. If you ……………… (settle) the invoice in the meantime, please ignore this reminder. 3. Harry Smith ………………………. (work) as our Production Manager for 25 years. Then he ……………………………. (retire) and …………………… (go) to live abroad. It is very difficult to replace him although more than 15 people ………… (already apply) for the job. 4. The machine we ……………………. (deliver) two weeks ago …………………… (break down) once again. Our service engineer ………………………. (still not repair) it and the customer is threatening to sue us for all the production he …………………….. (lose). 5. I don't know what's wrong with the computer at our London branch. I ………………….. (try) to log in to it all morning with no success. They're probably servicing the equipment although I …………………. (tell) them to do it outside normal office hours. 6. I ……………………………. (know) him for many years and can recommend him without hesitation. He is one of the most reliable workers we ………………………… (ever have). 7. Sarah: What's the matter, Anne? Anne: I think I …………..………….. (forget) the password. 8. Although we …………………………….. (work) on the problem for two days now, we are no nearer to finding a solution. 9. Please check this translation for me and tell me whether I …………….. (make) any mistakes. 10. Peter: Why are you smiling? Paul: The boss …………………………. (just tell) me that I ……………..… (be) promoted, and that's the best news I ……………………… (have) for weeks. 11. There's nobody in the office. Mr Miller …………………………… (go) out ten minutes ago and his secretary just ……………………. (leave). 6) Complete the text. Put the verbs into the Present Perfect – Active or Passive. bury – advise – discover – find – block – be - Strong winds are causing chaos in southern England. Many roads …………………… by fallen trees and there ……………………… a number of serious motorway 6 accidents. The police ……………………motorists to stay at home unless their journey is absolutely necessary. - Three men who went missing yesterday while climbing in Scotland ………………………… safe and well. - Archaeologists ………………….. the tomb of a Pharaoh near Cairo. The tomb ………………… in the sand for over 4,000 years. 1.2.2 Active and Passive Eine Zusammenfassung zu Bildung und Verwendung des Passivs und eine Gegenüberstellung zum Aktiv finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 144 und 145. Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben dienen der Wiederholung und Festigung: 1) Seite 8, Übung 4 („Reading and tenses“) 2) Seite 19, Übung 2 (rechte Spalte) 3) Add the past participle to the following sentences. Choose from the verbs in the box. Use each verb once only. grow a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) produce paint hold hurt post make speak This computer was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the USA. The house is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . every year. The parcel was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yesterday. English is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Australia. Many people were . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the crash. Siemens mobile phones are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Germany. The meeting is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at the moment. Lots of tulips are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Holland. 4) Active or Passive? Complete the following text by filling in the correct forms of the verbs. Catching a plane When people .......... (arrive) at an airport, they should go straight to the check-in desk where their ticket and luggage ......….. . . . . (check). They ….……..….... (keep) their hand luggage with them but their suitcases . . . . . ….. . . . . . (take) to the plane on a conveyor belt. Then they go to the departure lounge. If they are on an international flight, their passport . …………... (check), and then they and their bags ......…........ (X-ray) by security cameras; sometimes they . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (give) a body search and their luggage . . . . . . . . . . . (search) by a security officer. They . . . . . .. . . . (wait) in the departure lounge until their flight . . . . . . .. (call) and they . . . . .. .. . . . (tell) which number gate to go to. Finally they . . . . . ….. . . . . . (board) their plane and they . . . . …... . . . . (show) to their seat by a flight attendant. 5) Put these sentences into the Passive (1) The postman delivers the letters at 8.00. (2) They built this hotel 2 years ago. (3) They use a lot of preservatives in food today. 7 (4) Has anyone answered your question? (5) Somebody found your keys under the car. (6) They have increased the taxes to 10%. (7) A scientist discovered penicillin in 1929. 1.2.3 Conditionals Eine Zusammenfassung zu Bildung und Verwendung der Konditionalsätze finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 152 und 153. Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben sind empfehlenswert: 1) Seite 76, Übung 1 (rechte Spalte) 2) Seite 79, Übung 1 3) Complete these sentences with the correct alternative. 1. If you ……….. . harder, you will get a pay rise. will work - would work - worked - work 2. Tell him that we’ll order the goods if they ……………... us a 7 per cent discount. grant - would grant - granted - had granted 3. If they ………….. in stock, we would have delivered them immediately. were - would be - had been - would have been 4. Philip said he wouldn't mind living in England if the weather ………... better. is - would be – were - had been 5. If I .……..… her telephone number, I would phone her. know - knew - had known - have known 6. If they .………..….. production, they’ll make a bigger profit. will increase – increase - would increase - had increased 7. She would have given it to you if she. ………... it. have bad - had had - would have - would have had 8. You will get more commission if you .…...... for us. work - will work – worked - were working 9. What would happen if you .……. to work tomorrow? not go - do not go - did not go - will not go 10. If they . ……. . cash, they would get the clothes 5 per cent cheaper. pay - paid - will pay - would pay 11. You will be able to exchange the goods if you ..…... the receipt. will keep - keep - kept - are keeping 12. We won’t be able to cover costs unless we .……. the price. will increase- increase- increased- have increased 13. Our representative ……. on time if his car had not broken down. would have been - would be - had been – was 14. He said that there .……. trouble on the shop floor if they had fired him. would be - would have been - had been – was 15. They promised they would contact us if the flight ……….. delayed. will be – were - is- be 4) Put these sentences together to form a if-clause. 1. You want to spend your holidays in Norway. You want to get away from all the tourists. 8 2. 3. 4. 5. The train service is very bad. I use my car instead. The company shouldn’t buy new computers. We are nearly bankrupt. You should stop smoking. You could live much longer. Your son doesn’t give me back my camera. I should phone the police. 5) Express the sentences correctly. More than one form might be possible. a) If you (say) that again, I (scream). b) I (be) surprised if she (manage) to sell the car. c) I (need) some money if we (go) out tonight. 6) Complete the sentences in any way you like. a) I’ll be surprised if ……………………………………………………………… . b) I’ll be very happy if ……………………………………………………………. . c) I’ll be sorry if …………………………………………………………………… . d) If I had more time, I ………………………………………………………….... . 7) Put in the correct verb forms to talk about unreal situations. a) The kitchen ………………………. (look) better if we ……….……………. (have) red curtains. b) I ………………………..……. (be) sorry if we …………………….……….. (not see) her again. c) If I ……………………. (know) his address, I …………………………... (go round) and see him. d) Where ………………………. (you go) if you …….……………. (need) to buy a picture frame? e) I ……………………………… (not do) this if I …………………………………. (not have) to. 8) Put in the verb forms - Past Perfect or would have - about unreal situations in the past. a) If I ………………………. (know) you were coming, I …………………(invite) some friends in. b) If they ………………………. (not cut) off the electricity, I ……………………. (finish) my work. c) The team …………………………… (win) if Jones ………………………… (play) better. d) The burglars ………………….. (not get) in if you …………….. (remember) to lock the door. e) It ……………………… (be) better if you ………………………… (ask) me for help. 1.2.4 Verb patterns Im Englischen verlangen Verben, die mit einem weiteren Verb verbunden werden, unterschiedliche Formen. Das kann der Infinitiv ohne to sein, der Infinitiv mit to oder auch die -ing-Form, das Gerundium. Die deutsche Entsprechung ist jeweils ein Infinitiv mit oder ohne „zu“. Eine Übersicht über solche Verben entnehmen Sie dem Lehrbuch auf Seite 158. In Ihren Wörterbüchern sind diese Abhängigkeitsformen ebenfalls gekennzeichnet, je nach Verlag werden dabei verschiedene Abkürzungen verwendet, z. B: v-ing für ein Gerundium 9 oder v+to für den Infinitiv mit to. Darüber hinaus werden häufig durch Beispiele die nötigen Verbformen illustriert. Verb + -ing and verb + to Aufgabe: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb. Use -ing or to. 1. As we don't agree about politics we generally avoid ………………….. (discuss) the subject. 2. He doesn't get on with the new boss, so he's asked ……………. (transfer) to another company. 3. Please stop.................................. (interrupt) me when I'm explaining something to you! 4. We had arranged................................................... (meet) in my office to check the documents. 5. I must say, I don't really fancy................................................ (spend) my whole holiday on my own. 6. He admits....................................................... (enter) the house but he says he didn't take anything. 7. I've apologized to her but she still refuses.................................................................. (speak) to me. 8. Of course I'll help you, as long as it doesn't involve.................................................. (lift) anything heavy. 9. Oh no! I've forgotten .................................................................. (bring) my briefcase with me. 10. I don't mind......................................................... (work) late, if it will help at all. 11. I simply can't afford............................................ (support) you any longer - you'll just have to find a job. 12. You'd better go and see the boss and say what you've done. If you put off .................................. (explain) it to her, she'll only be more annoyed. Verb -ing or verb - infinitive Aufgabe: Complete the sentences with a word from the list. Use either the -ing form or the infinitive. count – invite – pull – wish – speak – feed – defrost – stand – find – fill a) I hate …………......... in a queue. It's such a waste of time. b) My baby daughter is just learning ……………… She can say two words – "Mama” and “Papa”. c) Can you remember ………………….. up the car with petrol? It's nearly empty. d) I'd love .......……………………….... Dave and Maggie round for a meal some time. e) I couldn't sleep last night. I tried ……............. sheep, but that didn't help. f) Stop .........…………. my hair! It hurts! g) I just want ………........ you Happy Birthday. h) Would you mind ………........ our cat while we're away on holiday? i) Don't forget .........……………….... the chicken before you cook it. j) Did you manage ....…………........ what you were looking for? 10 1.2.5 Ergänzende Übungen Im Folgenden finden Sie einige Übungen, die eine Vielzahl von grammatischen Strukturen üben. Aufgaben: 1) Complete the sentences with in, at, on, ago, for, since, or nothing. 1 I left college …………… 1982. 2 What are you doing ……….. next Thursday? 3 I like to relax ………… weekends. 4 He came to live here four years …………. 5 Spring begins ……………. March. 6 We always eat fish ………. Christmas. 7 Shakespeare was born ……. 23 April, 1564. 8 I started my new job …… last Monday. 9 He'd been painting ………. many years before he sold his first picture. 10 ………….. you left, there have been many changes. 2) Correct one mistake in each of the following sentences. 1. How long do you live in London? 2. Yesterday evening I have seen a really good film. 3. I'll phone you as soon as I'll arrive. 4. I work in this office since 1992. 5. “I went to Canada last year” – “So have I.” 6. “What's the matter?” – “I've just been seeing a road accident.” 7. Could you tell me how much does this cost? 8. She said me that she was hungry. 3) mustn't or don't have to? Fill in the correct verb form. Example: We have a lot of work tomorrow. You mustn't be late. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) You ……………………….. tell Mary what I told you. It's a secret. The museum is free. You …………………………….. pay to get in. Children ………………………. tell lies. It's very bad. Jane’s a millionaire. She ……………………….. go to work. I …………………………. do my washing. My mother does it for me. We ……………………….. rush. We've got plenty of time. You ……………………….. play with guns. They're dangerous. This is my favourite pen. You can borrow it, but you ……………………… lose it. 4) Lehrbuch Seite 13 und 124, Briefe Diese Briefe sind als Musterbriefe für die Textproduktion gedacht. Da sie zahlreiche Fehler enthalten, eignen sie sich aber auch gut, um Ihre eigenen Rechtschreib- und Grammatikkenntnisse zu überprüfen.
