Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB

Technische Universität Berlin
Department of Geoinformation Science
Neue Entwicklungen zu
CityGML und der 3DCityDB
Prof. Dr. Thomas H. Kolbe
Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik
Technische Universität Berlin
[email protected]
31. Januar 2012
Räumliche GDI und 3D-GIS-Technologien, Dresden
31. 1. 2012
Department of Geoinformation Science
Aktuelle
Entwicklungen
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
2011/06/08
CityGML Standards Working Group @ OGC
Department of Geoinformation Science
 Mission:
Revision of CityGML 1.0
 Minor Revision (leads to version number 1.x)
 Major Revision (leads to version number 2.0)
 Basis for
the revisions are Change Requests (CR)
 can be submitted by anybody (no OGC membership required)
 deadline for CityGML 1.1 was February 26, 2010
 SWG must process every CR, rejection of CRs is possible
 First
goal: CityGML 1.1 (appointed for autumn 2011)
 CityGML 1.1 will be fully backwards compatible
 valid CityGML1.0 documents remain valid CityGML
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Received Change Requests comprise...
Department of Geoinformation Science
 New thematic modules for the representation
 Subsurface Structures like Tunnels
 Bridges
 Walls in cities
of
 Extensions of existing modules
 Building module
explicit representation of storeys (as own object class)
additional thematic boundary surfaces
additional attributes for openings, boundary surfaces
 Appearance module
modelling of constant surface properties
 Miscellaneous
 Compressed archive format for CityGML (like KMZ)
 Topologic Network Model
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Tunnels and Bridges
Department of Geoinformation Science
 are
based on proposals of the SIG 3D
 modelled as CityGML Application Domain Extensions
 comprise UML diagrams, XML schema documents, example data
 http://www.citygmlwiki.org
 Tunnels
 representation of man-made underground objects, which generally
are accessible by persons
car / railway / metro tunnels, underground buildings, etc.
 modelling of natural hollow spaces like caves or geological
structures are not addressed
 Bridges
 comprehensive model for the representation of bridges
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
CityGML 1.1: Tunnel Module
Department of Geoinformation Science
Metro station
Above ground entry to
the metro station
(LOD3 building)
Digital Terrain
Model (LOD1)
Connecting tunnel between
two metro stations
(LOD3 tunnel according to
SubsurfaceStructureADE)
Underground part of
the metro station
(underground LOD3
building)
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Bridge Module
Department of Geoinformation Science
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Department of Geoinformation Science
Neue Anwendungen
und Erweiterungen
in Entwicklung
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
2011/06/08
AP 3
Simulation von intersektoriellen Kaskadeneffekten
bei Ausfällen von Versorgungsinfrastrukturen
unter Verwendung des virtuellen 3D-Stadtmodells von Berlin
Gefördertes BMBF-Projekt 2009-2012
SIMKAS-3D
Motivation
Department of Geoinformation Science
Initiales
Ereignis
Pumpstation
ist beschädigt
und Wasser
strömt aus
Ausbreitung von
Wasser verursacht
Stromausfall
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Wegen des Stromausfalls arbeiten die Pumpen nicht
Motivation
Department of Geoinformation Science
Initiales
Ereignis
Hallo Störungsstelle, der
Strom ist ausgefallen
und die
Wasserversorgung auch
Pumpstation
ist beschädigt
und Wasser
strömt aus
Ausbreitung von
Wasser verursacht
Stromausfall
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Wegen des Stromausfalls arbeiten die Pumpen nicht
AP 3
Projektpartner
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SIMKAS-3D
AP 3
Integration der Versorgungsnetze in das 3D-Stadtmodell
Ziel: Erstellung eines homogenisierten Netzmodells für die
Simulation inkl. der relevanten Sachattribute (Nutzungsart,
Material, Betriebsparameter, Einwohnerzahl etc.)
SIMKAS-3D
CityGML UtilityNetwork ADE
Department of Geoinformation Science
bereits
fertig
gestellt
Download Dok.+ XML-Schema:
www.citygmlwiki.org/index.php/
CityGML_UtilityNetworkADE
weitgehend
fertig
gestellt
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T. H. Kolbe – Future Developments on CityGML
31. 1. 2012
Integrierte Versorgungsinfrastrukturen
Department of Geoinformation Science
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Energieatlas Berlin
Department of Geoinformation Science

Kooperationsprojekt unter Förderung des neu gegründeten
European Institute of Technology EIT

angesiedelt im Knowledge & Innovation Center
for Climate Change and Mitigation (Climate KIC)

Partner:
TU Berlin:
 Innovationszentrum Energie
 Institut für Geodäsie und
Geoinformationstechnik
 Institut für Energietechnik
 Institut für Energie- und
Automatisierungstechnik
 Institut für Architektur
 Institut für Technologie und
Management (ITM)
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






Zentrum für Technik und
Gesellschaft, TU Berlin
Deutsches GeoForschungszentrum Potsdam (GFZ)
Vattenfall Europe Berlin AG
GASAG AG
Berlin Partner GmbH
Berliner Senat für Wirtschaft,
Technologie und Frauen
Bezirksamt CharlottenburgWilmersdorf in Berlin
T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Energieatlas Berlin: Ziele
Department of Geoinformation Science
• Entwicklung eines ganzheitlichen Werkzeuges zur

Modellierung, Erfassung, Analyse und Visualisierung
energetischer Zusammenhänge im räumlichen Kontext

Planung und Entscheidungsfindung für energetische
Fragestellungen
• Basis ist das Berliner 3D-Stadtmodell strukturiert nach
• Stadtmodellerweiterung durch
Integration von:
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
Versorgungsinfrastrukturen

Wärme-, Kälte- und Stromflüssen

energetischen Gebäudeparametern

(mikro-)klimatischen Einflüssen

Geothermie, Verkehrsflüssen
T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Planungs- und Entscheidungswerkzeug
Department of Geoinformation Science
Kompetenzbereich
Ebene
Gestaltungs- und
Planungsebene
+ Energy-ADE
Starter
Projekt
Ingenieursebene
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Räumliche Aggregation
Zukunft
Politische /
unternehmerische
Ebene
Vorgaben
Rahmenbedingungen
Stadt - Stadtteile
Räumliche Planung
Konzepte
Gebäude - Blöcke
Energieeffiziente
Komponenten
Energiebilanz
Energiequellen, Netze
T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Energet. Sanierungszustand von Gebäuden
Department of Geoinformation Science
Stadt
3D-Stadtmodell
[CityGML]
Reale Energieverbrauchswerte
Energieversorger
Characteristischer Energiewert
Volumen [m³]
• Nutzfläche [m²]
• Gebäudetyp
• Gebäudenutzung
• Baujahr
• Fläche/Volumen
•
Schätzung des
Heizenergieverbrauchs [kWh/a]
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[kWh/m²a]
Heizklassen
Heizenergieverbrauch
[kWh]
Sanierungszustand
der Gebäude
Differenz
T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
Zeit- und Klimanormalisierter
realer Heizenergieverbrauch [kWh/a]
31. 1. 2012
Energetisch relevante Gebäudeeigenschaften
Department of Geoinformation Science
 Volumen (+
ableitbare Nutzfläche)
berechenbar aus 3D-Stadtmodell
 Sanierungszustand
 Gebäudealter z.B. aus Kataster
 Materialien
nicht bekannt – über Baujahr schätzbar
 durchgeführte Sanierungen
nicht erfasst
 Gebäudetyp
 Freistehende Ein- & Zweifamilienhäuser
 Doppel- und Reihenhäuser
 Kleine Mehrfamilienhäuser
ableitbar aus
Liegenschaftskataster
 Große Mehrfamilienhäuser
 Hochhäuser
 Gebäudenutzung
 Wohn-, Gewerbe-, Industriegebäude
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aus Kataster
T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Geschätzter Heizenergieverbrauch
Department of Geoinformation Science
Geschätzter Energieverbrauch [kwh/a]
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Integrationspotential Energieatlas
Department of Geoinformation Science
Sonneneinstrahlung LOD1
Wärmeabstrahlung
Versorgungsstrukturen
Bild: Hoegner / Stilla, TU München
Energieatlas
Wärmebedarf
Geschätzter Energieverbrauch [kwh/a]
Thermalfernerkundung
Solarpotential
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Skalenbereiche des Energieatlas
Department of Geoinformation Science
Stadt
Gebäude / Straße
Wohnung
Auflösung / Detaillierungsgrad
Quartier / Block
Generalisierung / Aggregation
Stadtteil
Raum
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
31. 1. 2012
Department of Geoinformation Science
Aktuelle
Entwicklungen
Folienbeiträge von Javier Herreruela und Claus Nagel, IGG TU Berlin
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T. H. Kolbe – Neue Entwicklungen zu CityGML und der 3DCityDB
2011/06/08
3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Development goals for the 3D City Database
3DCityDB V2 is a free and Open Source 3D geo database
to store, represent, and manage virtual 3D city models
 CityGML 1.0 (and 0.4.0) compliant
• Support for all CityGML feature types
• Representation of feature geometry in all 5 LODs
• Support for CityGML’s appearance model
 Relational database schema for Oracle 10g R2 Spatial or higher
•
•
•
•
Spatial data types and advanced processing of spatial data
Efficient storage and management of raster data
Sustainability through Workspace Manager (Version and History Management)
Connection possibilities to commercial GIS
 Open Source and released under the terms of the LGPLv3
• Developed by IGG, TU Berlin in cooperation with IGG, Univ. of Bonn,
lat/lon and 3DGeo (now: Autodesk)
• direct 3DCityDB support in Autodesk LandXPlorer Professional
• current developments are also supported by VirtualCitySystems
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe, Nagel, König | 3D City Database
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Functionality of the 3D City Database
CityGML properties
Flexible
3D geometries
in LOD0 - 4
Multirepresentation
of objects wrt.
LODs, time,
appearance
Generic
(prototypical)
3D objects and
attributes
(recursive)
aggregation
of objects
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe, Nagel, König | 3D City Database
Appearance
information
Exchange of
DTM and aerial images
(WebServices)
Digital
Terrain Models
(DTM)
Referencing of
exterior
data sources
2nd project phase
Compliant with
CityGML version
1.0.0 & 0.4.0
Version
management
and planning
alternatives
Import and
export of
CityGML files
1st project phase
Support for all
thematic
CityGML modules
additions
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Characteristics of the CityGML Import/Export Tool
 Support for CityGML files of arbitrary size (>>4GB)
 Concurrency of data processing through multithreading
• High performance on standard platforms
 Matching functionality
• Identify and merge corresponding representations of
the same building object within the database
 Support for XLink references (also within BRep geometries)
 Filter options enable user-defined import and export
• GML ID, GML name
• Bundled import and export for data tiling (classified by IDs or
Bounding Boxes)
• Selection of object classes
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe, Nagel, König | 3D City Database
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Performance data
 All tests executed on an Intel® Xeon® QuadCore, Win7 64-Bit,
12 GB RAM (Client Computer).
 3DCityDB Server: 2 Intel® Xeon® QuadCore, Enterprise Linux
RedHat (Kernel: 2.6.18) , 32 GB RAM, 4 SAS disks (146 GB)
and RAID array with 16 SSD disks (à 64GB), Oracle 10G R2
City Model
Size in GB
LoDs
Import time without Textures
Cologne (>1 Mio Buildings)
7.71
LoD1
37 Min
Berlin (>500k Buildings)
6.23
LoD2, LoD3
20 Min
City Model
Size in GB
LoDs
Export time without Textures
Cologne
7.71
LoD1
12 Min
Berlin
6.23
LoD2, LoD3
8 Min
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe, Nagel, König | 3D City Database
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
KML/COLLADA Export: Motivation
 Make the 3D city model
usable for a wide
audience
 Extendable for
professional work
• Objects can be clicked on
for information
• Fast generation and
visualization
• Can be embedded into
the city‘s geoinformation
infrastructure
Source: Solar Atlas Berlin, 2011
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Generating KML/COLLADA from CityGML
 KML/COLLADA model is the result of a portraying process
applied to the CityGML-based data in the 3DCityDB
 Semantic information can be used to influence styling
(e.g., coloring of surfaces)
 New extension of the 3DCityDB Import/Export Tool
• Facilitates 3D visualization of the database contents with a
broad range of applications supporting KML/COLLADA, e.g.
Google Earth, ESRI ArcGIS Explorer & ArcGlobe
• In order to convert CityGML to KML/COLLADA, the original
CityGML data must be first imported into the 3DCityDB and
then exported. This intermediate step is needed
• Since KML/COLLADA focuses on visualization and not on
semantics this conversion is bound to be lossy
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
KML/COLLADA Export basics: display styles
Following display styles are possible depending on the
CityGML LoD to export from :
 Footprint: buildings are represented by their footprint projected
onto the earth surface
all LoDs
 Geometry: shows the detailed geometry of ground, wall and roof
surfaces of buildings + appearance information
• Requires semantic information
• Coloring of surfaces (textures are not supported by KML)
From LoD1 upwards
100% KML
 Extruded: buildings are represented as blocks models by
extruding their footprint to their measured height (thematic CityGML
attribute)
 COLLADA: “Geometry” display style + support for textures
From LoD2 upwards
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Display styles: example
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Several display styles in the same export
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
KML/COLLADA Export additional features
 Highlighting of model placemarks on mouse over
• Up to release 6.0.1 Google Earth does not provide any
mechanism to highlight model placemarks not being loaded
from their own servers
• In KML/COLLADA exports this is achieved by placing a hull
geometry of the building around the building itself
 Dynamically filled information balloons
• Placemarks may contain descriptions shown on a “speech
bubble” when clicked on
• The contents of this description can be dynamically filled at
export time with building-specific information. Only an HTML
template with embedded simple statements is needed
• The balloons may have interactive links for further use
(content management system)
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Highlighting of model placemarks
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Dynamic information balloon template
 BalloonSource.html
[…]
<table width = 400>
<tr><td><b>Address:</b></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<3DCityDB>ADDRESS/[FIRST]STREET</3DCityDB>
<3DCityDB>ADDRESS/[FIRST]HOUSE_NUMBER</3DCityDB></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<3DCityDB>ADDRESS/CITY</3DCityDB></td></tr>
[…]
<tr><td><b>Existing generic attributes (mouseOver for values):</b>
<script type="text/javascript">
function ga_value_as_tooltip(counter, attrname, datatype, strval, intval, realval) { […] }
[…]
<3DCityDB>FOREACH CITYOBJECT_GENERICATTRIB/ATTRNAME,
DATATYPE,STRVAL,INTVAL,REALVAL</3DCityDB>
ga_value_as_tooltip(%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5);
<3DCityDB>END FOREACH</3DCityDB>
</script></td></tr>
[…]
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Dynamic information balloon result
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Altitude problems in KML/COLLADA Exports
 Proper model placement on the ground
• Height values in the 3DCityDB Coordinate Reference System
may not match Google Earth’s (CRS WGS84 / EGM96 Geoid)
Digital Terrain Model
• As a result buildings (or their highlighting surfaces) may hover
over or sink into the ground
 Solution: grounding algorithm
• Use absolute altitude values (KML tag: <altitudeMode>)
• Call Google’s Elevation API to get the point in the building’s
footprint with the lowest elevation value of the DTM
• Subtract this point’s z-coordinate from this point’s elevation
value to get a z-offset value
• Apply the z-offset value to all z-coordinates in the building
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
Altitude problems in KML/COLLADA Exports
With grounding algorithm
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
Without grounding algorithm
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
KML/COLLADA Export basics: further features
 In order to enhance the rendering performance (especially
when using textured KML/COLLADA models) the exporter
allows for
• Packing all texture images into a single image (texture atlas)
• Reducing texture image size by scaling
 Support for tiling
• Facilitates automated (un)loading of parts of the models
• Allows for applying LOD concepts for visualization
• Reduces the file size of the exported KML/COLLADA files
 Exported files can be packed as KMZ archive
 Surface colors can be customized
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe | KML/COLLADA Export
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3D City Database | CityGML and KML/COLLADA Import/Export Tool
3DCityDB – What is available?
http://www.3dcitydb.net
 3D City Database (new version 2.0.5)
• Oracle SQL scripts and PL/SQL functions
• Comprehensive documentation
 3D City Database Import/Export Tool (new version 1.3)
• Executable Java binaries
• Complete source code
• Comprehensive documentation
• KML/COLLADA exporter
 citygml4j (current version 1.0)
• Java class library and API for reading and writing CityGML datasets
• Library files for Java5 and Java6
• Source code, comprehensive documentation, tutorials
January 25, 2012 Herreruela, Kolbe, Nagel, König | 3D City Database
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