Thieme: Innere Medizin quick
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i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 27.08.2010 09:41 Página xiii INHALTSVERZEICHNIS T TRIAGE Schweizerische Triage Skala (STS)....................................II TABELLE 1: Dringlichkeitsgrad ..................................III TABELLE 2: Vitalparameter ........................................III TABELLE 3: Konsultationsmotiv ............................IV, V 1 REANIMATION 2 INTENSIVMEDIZIN BLS (Basic-Life-Support) ................................................3 Primäre ABCD..............................................................3 Herzstillstand — Universalalgorithmus ..........................4 Die «6 H» ....................................................................4 Die «6 T» ....................................................................4 Sekundäre ABCD ........................................................4 EKG bei Asystolie ......................................................................6 Pulslose elektrische Aktivität........................................6 Ventrikuläre Tachykardie..............................................6 Ventrikuläre Fibrillation ................................................6 Bradykardie ........................................................................7 Tachykardie mit palpablen Pulsen ......................................9 Therapeutische milde Hypothermie nach Reanimation ....10 Dyspnoe: DD ....................................................................12 Aortendissektion................................................................14 Akute zirkulatorische Insuffzienz - AZI (Schock) ..............20 Hypovolämische AZI (hypovolämischer Schock) ......22 Obstruktive AZI (kardiogener Schock) ......................23 Kardiogene AZI (kardiogener Schock) ......................24 Distributive AZI (distributiver Schock) ........................26 Anaphylaktische AZI (anaphylaktischer Schock) ......32 Septischer Schock (septische AZI) ............................37 Hämodynamische Normwerte ..........................................26 Allergien ............................................................................28 GELL & COOMBS Klassifikation ..............................30 Angioödem ........................................................................31 Latexallergie......................................................................31 Anaphylaxie ......................................................................32 Anaphylaktischer Schock ..........................................32 Sepsis — SIRS ................................................................36 Septischer Schock ....................................................37 Toxisches Schock-Syndrom (TSS)....................................42 Zentralvenenkatheter ........................................................44 Pulmonal-arterielles Monitoring ........................................46 PiCCO-Technologie ..........................................................49 Koma ................................................................................54 ARDS ................................................................................60 Maschinelle Beatmung......................................................64 Intubationskriterien ....................................................65 PEEP ........................................................................66 Nicht-invasive Beatmung (NIB)..................................66 Schnellintubation bei SHT..........................................67 Weaning ....................................................................68 Extubationskriterien ..................................................69 Status asthmaticus ....................................................69 xiii aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 12.08.2010 12:53 Página xiv Höhenkrankheiten ............................................................70 Verbrennungen..................................................................72 Maligne Hyperthermie ......................................................76 Malignes Neuroleptika-Syndrom ......................................78 Elektrounfall ......................................................................79 Hypothermie......................................................................80 Rhabdomyolyse ................................................................82 Dekompressionskrankheit ................................................84 3 INTOXIKATIONEN 4 KARDIOLOGIE & ANGIOLOGIE Allgemeine Informationen ................................................87 Spezifische Intoxikationen Alkohol ......................................................................93 Acetylsalicylsäure ......................................................94 Trizyklische Antidepressiva ........................................96 Antikoagulantien ........................................................98 Vitamin K-Antagonisten ..............................98 Heparin - NMH ..........................................100 Faktor Xa-Hemmer....................................100 Benzodiazepine ......................................................102 Betablocker ..............................................................104 Digoxin ....................................................................105 Eisen ........................................................................106 Kalziumantagonisten................................................107 Kohlenmonoxid (CO) ..............................................108 Kokain ......................................................................110 Opioide: Morphin, Heroin u.a. ..................................112 Paracetamol ............................................................114 Pilzintoxikation ........................................................116 Zyanid - Nitroprussid ..............................................118 Elektrische Kardioversion — Defibrillation ......................122 Sedo-Analgesie........................................................124 Torsade de pointes - Polymorphe VT..............................126 Langes QT-Syndrom ......................................................127 Antiarrhythmika und Einfluss auf das EKG ....................129 Arrhythmogene Kardiomoypathie des re. Ventrikels ......130 Breitkomplextachykardie - Ventrikuläre Tachykardie ......131 Differentialdiagnose ................................................132 Regelmässige Tachykardie: Therapie ............................134 Schmalkomplextachykardien ..........................................136 Supraventrikuläre Tachykardie ................................137 EKG Diagnose ........................................................138 Adenosin ..................................................................139 Sinustachyarrhythmie ..............................................140 Atriale Tachykardie ..................................................141 Fokale und multifokale AT ........................141 Vorhofflattern ............................................142 Vorhofflimmern ........................................................146 Kardioversion bei akutem VHFli. ..............148 Neuaufgetretenes VHFli. ..........................149 Paroxysmales rezidivierendes VHFli.........149 Rezidivierendes persistierendes VHFli. ....150 Permanentes VHFli. ..................................151 Elektive Kardioversion ..............................152 Beibehalten des Sinusrhythmus................153 Rhythmuskontrolle ....................................154 Frequenzkontrolle......................................155 Thromboembolie Prophylaxe ....................156 Antikoagulation: Richtlinien ......................157 CHADS2 Score ........................................157 Reentry Tachykardien ..............................................158 AVNRT ......................................................158 AVRT ........................................................158 Präexzitationssyndrom - WPW ......................................160 xiv aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xv Vagale Manöver ..............................................................164 EKG ................................................................................166 Akuter antero-lateraler Myokardinfarkt ....................173 Akuter infero-posteriorer Myokardinfarkt..................174 Rechtsschenkelblock ..............................................175 Linksschenkelblock ..................................................176 Linksanteriorer Hemiblock ......................................178 Linksposteriorer Hemiblock......................................179 Akzelerierter idioventr. Ventrikelersatzrhythmus ......180 AV-Block: 1°, 2°, 3°..........................................................181 Blockierte P-Wellen ........................................................187 Atropin ............................................................................188 Palpitationen ..................................................................190 Puls ................................................................................191 Thoraxschmerzen ..........................................................192 Stabile angina pectoris....................................................193 Akutes Koronarsyndrom (ACS) ......................................194 Vorgehen bei Verdacht auf ACS ..............................195 Massnahmen vor Spitaleintritt..................................195 Reperfusionsstrategie ..............................................196 Medikamentöse Therapie bei STEMI ......................198 Komplizierter STEMI ................................................201 Antithrombotische Richtlinien ....................202 Thrombolyse und STEMI ........................................204 Sekundärprävention bei STEMI ................205 Therapie der Arrhythmien beim ACS ......................206 Instabile AP oder NSTEMI ......................................208 Medikamentöse Therapie..........................209 Kardiale Abklärungen für nicht-kardiale Operationen......212 BRUGADA-Syndrom ......................................................214 Herzinsuffizienz ..............................................................215 Chronische Herzinsuffizienz ....................................215 NYHA ........................................................216 ACC/AHA Klassifikation ............................216 KILLIP........................................................216 Chronische systolische Herzinsuffizienz..................218 Therapie ....................................................218 Chronische diastolische Herzinsuffizienz ................224 Akute Manifestationen einer Herzinsuffizienz ..........226 Perfusionszustand - Volämie ....................228 Therapie ....................................................229 Akutes Lungenödem ......................................................232 Synkope ..........................................................................234 Hypertensiver Notfall ......................................................244 Hypertensive Gefahrensituation ..............................247 Primäre arterielle Hypertonie ..........................................248 Kardiovaskuläre Risikostratifikation ........................250 Sekundäre arterielle Hypertonie......................................258 Herzauskultation ............................................................262 Mitralinsuffizienz..............................................................266 Mitralstenose ..................................................................269 Aortenstenose ................................................................273 Aorteninsuffizienz ............................................................276 Kardiomyopathien ..........................................................280 Orthostatische Hypotonie................................................284 Akute Perikarditis ............................................................286 Tamponade ....................................................................290 Oberflächliche Venenthrombosen ..................................291 Tiefe Venenthrombose ....................................................292 Lungenembolie................................................................298 Thrombolyse ............................................................300 Kardiomegalie ................................................................301 Periphere Arteriopathie (PAVK) und akute Ischämie ......302 Chronische arterielle Insuffizienz ............................303 Herzschrittmacher ..........................................................304 xv aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 5 PNEUMOLOGIE 6 GASTROENTEROLOGIE 17:08 Página xvi Semiologie ......................................................................308 Lungenfunktionsprüfung..................................................310 Statische Lungenvolumina ......................................313 Dynamische Lungenvolumina..................................314 DLCO ......................................................................315 Asthma ............................................................................316 Peak-Flow ................................................................317 Akute Exazerbation..................................................318 Stratifikation ............................................................323 Asthmakontrolle ......................................................323 Therapie ausserhalb einer akuten Krise ..................324 COPD..............................................................................328 Cor pulmonale..........................................................328 GOLD-Klassifikation ................................................329 Akute Exazerbation..................................................336 Stratifikation ............................................................339 Pneumothorax ................................................................340 Spannungspneumothorax........................................343 Urtikaria und Angioödem ................................................344 Insektenstich ..................................................................345 Rhinosinusitis ..................................................................346 Physikalische Lungenuntersuchung - Auskultation ........350 Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie (CAP) ........................354 FINE Score ..............................................................356 CURB-63 Index........................................................357 Pleuraerguss ..................................................................360 Pleurapunktion ........................................................361 Drainage ..................................................................363 Pulmonale Hypertonie ....................................................364 Interstitielle Pneumopathien............................................370 Sarkoidose ......................................................................372 Idiopathische Lungenfibrose ..........................................374 Husten ............................................................................376 Bronchiektasen ..............................................................380 Allergische bronchopulmonale Aspergillose (ABPA) ......382 Schlafapnoe Syndrom (SAS) ..........................................384 Morbus WIDAL................................................................389 Pulmonaler Rundherd ....................................................390 Pulmonale Rehabilitation ................................................394 Semiologie ......................................................................398 Bauchschmerzen ............................................................400 Hiatushernie ....................................................................402 Divertikel ........................................................................403 Gastroösophagealer Reflux (GÖR) ................................404 Peptisches Ulkus ............................................................406 ZOLLINGER-ELLISON Syndrom (Gastrinom) ................408 Helicobacter pylori ..........................................................410 Obere Gastrointestinalblutung ........................................412 MALLORY-WEISS-Syndrom ..........................................413 Dumping-Syndrom ..........................................................413 Ösophagusvarizen ..........................................................414 Akute Varizenblutung ..............................................415 Untere Gastrointestinalblutung........................................416 DIEULAFOY Läsion ........................................................417 Leberzirrhose ..................................................................418 Portale Hypertension ......................................................421 BUDD-CHIARI-Syndrom..........................................422 Pfortaderthrombose ................................................423 Aszites ............................................................................424 Hepatorenales Syndrom ................................................429 Spontan bakterielle Peritonitis ........................................430 Fettleber ..........................................................................433 xvi aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 7 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xvii Alkoholische Hepatopathie..............................................434 MADDREY-Score ....................................................436 NASH ..............................................................................437 Alkohol ............................................................................438 Akute Leberinsuffizienz ..................................................440 Chronische Leberinsuffizienz ..........................................443 CHILD-PUGH Score ................................................443 MELD-Score ............................................................443 Primär biliäre Zirrhose ....................................................444 Primär sklerosierende Cholangitis ..................................446 Autoimmunhepatitis ........................................................448 Ikterus ............................................................................450 GILBERT (-MEULENGRACHT) -Syndrom......................454 DUBIN-JOHNSON-Syndrom ..........................................454 ROTOR-Syndrom............................................................454 CRIGLER-NAJJAR-Syndrom..........................................455 GAUCHER Krankheit ......................................................455 NIEMANN-PICK-Syndrom ..............................................455 Glykogenspeicherkrankheit Typ 1 ..................................456 Alpha 1-Proteinaseinhibitor Mangel ................................457 Hepatitis ..........................................................................458 Hepatitis A................................................................460 Hepatitis B................................................................462 Hepatitis C ..............................................................468 Hepatitis D, E ..........................................................471 Impfungen ................................................................473 Pankreas ........................................................................474 Chronische Pankreatitis ..........................................474 Akute Pankreatitis ....................................................476 Cholelithiasis ..................................................................480 Akute Cholezystitis ..................................................482 Divertikulose....................................................................483 Divertikulitis ....................................................................483 Akute Diarrhoe ................................................................486 Malassimilation................................................................488 Steatorrhoe Test ......................................................490 D-Xylose Test ..........................................................490 Schilling Test ............................................................491 Zöliakie............................................................................492 Laktoseintoleranz ............................................................494 Morbus WHIPPLE (intestinale Lipodystrophie) ..............497 Giardiase (Lambliasis) ....................................................497 Exsudative Enteropathie ................................................498 Chronische Diarrhoe ......................................................500 Funktionelle gastrointestinale Störungen ........................502 Morbus CROHN ..............................................................506 Colitis ulcerosa................................................................508 NEUROLOGIE Hirnblutung......................................................................512 Hirnschlag (CVI)..............................................................514 NIH Stroke Scale ....................................................517 Therapie - Vorgehen ................................................522 Thrombolyse ............................................................526 Sekundärprävention ................................................530 Primärprävention......................................................532 Amaurosis fugax ............................................................533 Karotisstenose ................................................................534 Transiente globale Amnesie ............................................536 Akute Dystonie ................................................................538 Tardive Dystonie..............................................................539 Kopfschmerzen ..............................................................540 Trigeminusneuralgie........................................................544 Meningismus ..................................................................544 Migräne ..........................................................................546 Spannungskopfschmerzen..............................................552 Cluster-Kopfschmerzen ..................................................554 Explosive Kopfschmerzen (thunderclap) ........................557 xvii aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xviii Karotisdissektion ............................................................558 Vertebralisdissektion ......................................................558 Zentralvenenthrombose ..................................................559 Drop Attack......................................................................559 Locked-in Syndrom ........................................................560 HORNER-Syndrom ........................................................560 WALLENBERG-Syndrom................................................560 WERNICKE-Enzephalopathie ........................................561 BERIBERI-Krankheit ......................................................561 Epilepsie..........................................................................562 Status epilepticus ....................................................565 Hirntod ............................................................................566 Apnoe-Test ......................................................................567 Dermatome ....................................................................569 Hirnstammreflexe ............................................................570 Hirndruck, Hirnödem ......................................................572 Zerebraler Perfusionsdruck ............................................573 Lumbalpunktion ..............................................................574 Liquor ..............................................................................576 Lumboischialgie — Diskushernie ....................................578 Subarachnoidalblutung ..................................................581 Aphasie ..........................................................................584 Fazialisparese ................................................................586 Periphere Neuropathien ..................................................590 GUILLAIN-BARRÉ-Syndrom ..........................................592 MILLER-FISHER-Syndrom ............................................593 Pyramidenbahn-Syndrom ..............................................594 Extrapyramidal-Syndrom ................................................595 Morbus FRIEDREICH ....................................................596 WILSON Krankheit..........................................................597 Kleinhirnsyndrom ............................................................598 Parkinsonismus/Morbus PARKINSON ............................601 Sekundäre Parkinsonsyndrome ..............................605 Reflexe ............................................................................606 SHY-DRAGER-Syndrom ................................................607 Tremor ............................................................................608 Amyotrophe Lateralskerose ............................................610 Restless legs syndrome ..................................................612 Hydrocephalus ................................................................614 Multiple Sklerose ............................................................616 8 NEPHROLOGIE, METABOLISMUS 9 ENDOKRINOLOGIE Akutes Nierenversagen ..................................................620 Akute Hämodialyse ..................................................625 Kontrastmittel-induzierte Nephropathie....................626 Chronische Niereninsuffizienz ........................................627 Urämisches Syndrom......................................................634 Akute Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz..............................636 Phäochromozytom ..........................................................638 Krise ........................................................................641 Nierenkolik ......................................................................642 Urolithiasis ......................................................................643 Hämaturie........................................................................646 Mikroskopische Hämaturie ......................................648 Proteinurie ......................................................................650 Nephrotisches Syndrom..................................................652 Nephritisches Syndrom ..................................................654 IgA-Nephropathie (Morbus BERGER) ............................656 GOODPASTURE-Syndrom ............................................657 Hyperglykämie ................................................................660 Kapillärer Blutzucker ......................................................661 Diabetes mellitus ............................................................662 Insulintherapie..........................................................672 Ketoazidose ............................................................674 Hyperosmolarer hyperglykämischer Zustand ..........674 xviii aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 10 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xix Hypoglykämie..................................................................678 Fastentest ......................................................................680 Adipositas........................................................................681 Metabolisches Syndrom..................................................684 Polyzystisches Ovarialsyndrom ......................................685 Dyslipidämie - Cholesterin ..............................................686 PROCAM-Score ......................................................689 IAS-Guidelines ........................................................690 SCORE Score..........................................................692 ESC-Guidelines ......................................................693 FRAMINGHAM Score ..............................................694 AHA-Guidelines ......................................................695 Enterale Ernährung ........................................................696 Diabetes insipidus ..........................................................698 Durstversuch ..................................................................700 Hypothalamus ................................................................702 NNR-Insuffizienz ............................................................706 Akute NNR-Insuffizienz............................................708 Kortikoid-Osteoporose ....................................................709 Hypophyseninsuffizienz ..................................................710 Steroidentzug-Syndrom ..................................................711 Multiple endokrine Neoplasie (MEN) ..............................711 BARTTER-Syndrom ........................................................712 GITELMAN-Syndrom ......................................................712 Hyperkortisolismus - CUSHING-Syndrom ......................716 Hyperaldosteronismus ....................................................720 Primärer Hyperaldosteronismus ..............................720 Sekundärer Hyperaldosteronismus..........................721 Karzinoid ........................................................................722 Osteoporose....................................................................724 Osteomalazie ..................................................................732 Schilddrüse ....................................................................735 Hyperthyreose - Semiologie ....................................736 Morbus BASEDOW..................................................740 Thyreotoxische Krise ..............................................742 Hypothyreose - Semiologie......................................744 HASHIMOTO Thyreoiditis ........................................747 Subakute Thyreoiditis (DE QUERVAIN) ..................748 Hyperparathyreoidismus ................................................749 Porphyrie ........................................................................751 INFEKTIOLOGIE Bakterielle Meningitis ......................................................754 Chemoprophylaxe gegen N. meningitidis ................758 Meningokokken-Impfung..........................................759 Virale Meningitis ..............................................................761 FSME ..............................................................................762 Febrile Neutropenie ........................................................766 Fieber unbekannter Ursache ..........................................770 Medikamentöses Fieber..................................................772 Fieber ..............................................................................774 Rückkehr aus den Tropen........................................776 Malaria ............................................................................778 Primärprophylaxe ....................................................784 Rickettsiose ....................................................................786 Brucellose ......................................................................787 Akute Tonsillopharyngitis ................................................788 Rheumatisches Fieber ....................................................789 Epiglottitis........................................................................790 Osteomyelitis ..................................................................792 MSSA ..............................................................................794 MRSA..............................................................................797 Diphtherie........................................................................801 Tetanus............................................................................802 Tier- und Menschenbisse ................................................804 Harnwegsinfekt ..............................................................806 Pyelonephritis..................................................................810 Prostatitis ........................................................................812 xix aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 11 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xx Epididymitis ....................................................................813 Pilzinfektionen ................................................................814 Katheter-assoziierte Bakteriämie ....................................816 Zentraler Venenkatheter-Infekt ................................817 Blutkulturen ....................................................................818 Milzbrand - Anthrax ........................................................819 Legionellose ....................................................................820 Arzt-Erstmeldung in der Schweiz ....................................822 Salmonellose ..................................................................824 Listeriose ........................................................................828 Clostridium difficile ..........................................................830 Syphilis............................................................................832 Tuberkulose ....................................................................834 Tuberkulintest ..........................................................838 γ-Interferon Tests......................................................839 Therapie der latenten Tuberkulose ..........................840 BCG-Impfung ..........................................................845 Borreliose - LYME-Borreliose ..........................................846 Infektiöse Endokarditis - Semiologie ..............................852 Prophylaxe ..............................................................858 Katzenkratzkrankheit ......................................................861 HIV - AIDS ......................................................................862 Herpes Virus ..................................................................870 Herpes simplex Virus ..............................................872 Enzephalitis ..............................................874 Varizella-Zoster-Virus ..............................................876 Varizellen ..................................................876 Herpes Zoster............................................878 EPSTEIN-BARR-Virus ............................................881 Cytomegalievirus ....................................................882 Humanes Herpes Virus 6 und 8 ..............................883 Grippe - Grippeschutzimpfung ........................................884 Pneumokokkenimpfung ..................................................886 Splenektomie ..................................................................888 Lymphadenopathie..........................................................890 HÄMATOLOGIE Anämie ............................................................................894 Perniziöse Anämie ..........................................................898 Methämoglobinämie........................................................899 Eisen ..............................................................................900 Thalassämien..................................................................902 Morbus FANCONI ..........................................................903 Sichelzellanämie ............................................................904 Siderose/Hämochromatose ............................................906 Thrombozytentransfusionen............................................906 Bluttransfusionen ............................................................907 Essentielle Thrombozythämie ........................................908 Polycythaemia vera ........................................................910 Hyperviskositätssyndrom ................................................913 Purpura ..........................................................................914 Thrombotisch thrombozytopenische Purpura ..........916 Immunthrombozytopenische Purpura ......................916 WHO-Klassifikation hämatop./lymphat. Tumoren ..........918 Disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung (DIC) ....................920 Blutgerinnung ..................................................................922 Blutgerinnungsfaktoren ............................................924 Störung der Hämostase ..........................................925 Hämophilie A und B ........................................................926 Morbus von WILLEBRAND ............................................929 Thrombophilie ................................................................930 Antiphospholipid Antikörper Syndrom ............................932 Morbus RENDU-OSLER-WEBER ..................................934 xx aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 12 ONKOLOGIE 13 RHEUMATOLOGIE 17:08 Página xxi Obere Einflussstauung....................................................936 Hirndruckerhöhung ........................................................937 Rückenmarkskompression ............................................938 Tumorlysesyndrom ........................................................939 Mammakarzinom ............................................................940 Endometriumkarzinom ..................................................944 Ovarialkarzinom ............................................................945 Zervixkarzinom................................................................946 Lungenkarzinom SCLC (Kleinzeller) ..................................................947 NSCLC (Nichtkleinzeller) ........................................948 Oesophaguskarzinom ....................................................950 Magenkarzinom ..............................................................951 Pankreaskarzinom ..........................................................952 Kolonkarzinom, Rektumkarzinom ..................................954 Hodenkarzinom ..............................................................956 Urothelkarzinom ..............................................................957 Prostatakarzinom ............................................................958 Lymphom HODGKIN Lymphom ..............................................961 Non-HODGKIN Lymphom........................................962 Leukämie CLL ..........................................................................964 ALL ..........................................................................965 AML..........................................................................966 CML ........................................................................967 Sarkome..........................................................................968 Melanom ........................................................................970 Multiples Myelom ............................................................972 MGUS ............................................................................975 Maligne Gliome ..............................................................976 Arthritis ............................................................................978 Septische Arthritis ..........................................................982 Arthrose ..........................................................................984 Gelenkpunktion ..............................................................986 Kristallanalyse..........................................................988 Bursitis ............................................................................991 Rheumatoide Arthritis......................................................992 Mikrokristalline Arthropathien Gicht ......................................................................1002 CPPD (Pseudogicht)..............................................1006 Apatit-Rheumatismus ............................................1007 Spondylarthritis ............................................................1008 Ankylosierende Spondylitis (BECHTEREW)..........1010 Psoriasisassoziierte-Arthritis..................................1013 Reaktive Arthritis ....................................................1015 REITER-Syndrom....................................1016 Enteropathische Arthritis ........................................1017 SAPHO ..................................................................1018 Paraneoplastisches Syndrom ......................................1019 Morbus STILL................................................................1020 Myasthenia gravis ........................................................1021 Aseptische Osteonekrose ............................................1022 Algodystrophie SUDECK ..............................................1024 Fibromyalgie..................................................................1026 Schulterweichteilschmerz..............................................1028 Karpaltunnelsyndrom ....................................................1032 Tendinovaginitis DE-QUERVAIN ..................................1034 Tendinopathie der Achillessehne ..................................1034 Konnektivitiden..............................................................1036 Systemischer Lupus erythematodes (SLE)............1038 Systemsklerose (Sklerodermie) ............................1044 Polymyositis ..........................................................1048 Dermatomyositis ....................................................1048 xxi aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xxii SJÖGREN-Syndrom ..............................................1050 Mischkonnektivitis (MCTD) ....................................1053 Vaskulitiden ..................................................................1054 Morbus BUERGER ................................................1056 SCHÖNLEIN-HENOCH ........................................1057 Leukozytoklastische Vaskulitis ..............................1058 TAKAYASU-Arteriitis ..............................................1058 CHURG-STRAUSS-Vaskulitis ..............................1059 Morbus BEHÇET ..................................................1060 Riesenzellarteriitis..................................................1062 Polymyalgia rheumatica ........................................1064 Mikroskopische Polyangiitis ..................................1065 WEGENER Granulomatose ..................................1066 Panarteriitis nodosa ..............................................1068 RAYNAUD-Phänomen ..................................................1069 Amyloidose....................................................................1072 Kryoglobulinämie ..........................................................1074 14 DERMATOLOGIE 15 HNO 16 RADIOLOGIE Semiologie der Haut......................................................1076 Atopische Dermatitis ....................................................1078 Ödeme ..........................................................................1081 Erysipel und Zellulitis ....................................................1082 Nekrotisierende Fasziitis ..............................................1088 Psoriasis........................................................................1090 Vitiligo............................................................................1093 Toxidermien: STEVENS-JOHNSON, LYELL ................1094 Erythema nodosum ......................................................1096 Bullöses Pemphigoid ....................................................1097 Pruritus..........................................................................1098 Floh, Wanze ..................................................................1100 Krätzmilbe (Scabies) ....................................................1101 Laus ..............................................................................1102 Epistaxis ........................................................................1106 Cholesteatom ................................................................1109 Schwindel ......................................................................1110 Nystagmus ....................................................................1116 Zentraler vestibulärer Schwindel ..................................1117 WEBER-Versuch ..........................................................1118 RINNÉ-Versuch ............................................................1119 Benigner paroxysmaler Lagerungsschwindel................1120 HALLPIKE ..............................................................1120 SEMONT................................................................1121 EPLEY....................................................................1122 BRANDT-DAROFF ................................................1123 Morbus MÉNIÈRE ........................................................1124 Akutes kochleo-vestibuläres Defizit (Labyrinthitis) ........1125 Akuter Hörverlust/akuter Hörsturz ................................1126 Akuter peripherer Vestibularisausfall ............................1128 Abdomensonographie ..................................................1130 Echokardiographie ........................................................1131 Röntgenthorax: normales Bild ......................................1132 Mediastinallinien ............................................................1134 Fangbilder im Thoraxröntgenbild ..................................1135 Herzinsuffizienz ............................................................1136 Erkrankung des peripheren Luftraumes ........................1138 Silhouettenzeichen nach FELSON ................................1140 Lungensegmente ..........................................................1141 Interstitielles Syndrom ..................................................1142 Mediastinumverbreiterung ............................................1144 Magnetresonanztomographie (MR) ..............................1146 xxii aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xxiii 17 SCHMERZEN 18 GERIATRIE - PSYCHIATRIE 19 KLINISCHE PHARMAKOLOGIE 3 Analgetische Stufen (nach WHO) ..............................1150 Behandlung der Schmerzen: Praktische Ratschläge ....1152 Protokoll für eine palliative Therapie ......................1153 SC-Gabe von Analgetika / Butterfly ..............................1154 Hypersalivation ..............................................................1155 Opioide ..........................................................................1156 Morphin ..................................................................1157 Codein....................................................................1160 Heroin ....................................................................1160 Fentanyl ................................................................1161 Methadon ..............................................................1162 Pethidin ..................................................................1163 Tramadol ................................................................1163 Therapie der Schmerzen je nach Schmerztyp Knochenschmerzen ..............................................1164 Neurogene Schmerzen ..........................................1165 Akute Schmerzen ..................................................1166 Koliken und Krämpfe..............................................1167 Nausea und Erbrechen ................................................1168 Hirndruck................................................................1169 Medikamentös........................................................1169 Vestibulär ..............................................................1169 Metabolisch ............................................................1170 Chemotherapie ......................................................1171 Delir ..............................................................................1174 Delirium tremens ..........................................................1180 Sturz im Alter ................................................................1182 Depression ....................................................................1185 Demenz ........................................................................1186 Morbus ALZHEIMIER ............................................1190 Mini-Mental State ..................................................1192 Uhrentest................................................................1194 Suizid ............................................................................1195 Antibiotika ......................................................................1198 Resistenztabellen ..................................................1198 Wirkungsort............................................................1208 Betalaktame ..........................................................1208 Penicillinallergie ......................................1211 Makrolide ..............................................................1212 Tetrazykline ............................................................1213 Chinolone ..............................................................1213 Katecholamine ..............................................................1214 Orale Antikoagulation - Vitamin K-Antagonisten ..........1216 Heparin..........................................................................1217 Niedermolekularheparin (NMH) ............................1218 Heparin-induzierte Thrombozytopenie ..................1220 Antidepressiva ..............................................................1222 Orale Antidiabetika ........................................................1225 Antiemetika ..................................................................1234 H1-, H2-Antihistaminika ................................................1236 Sekretionshemmer ........................................................1237 Anxiolytika - Hypnotika - Benzodiazepine ....................1238 Schwangerschaft und Medikamente ............................1240 Rezeptoren (Alpha-, Beta-, Dopamin-)..........................1244 Antihypertensiva............................................................1245 NSAR ............................................................................1266 Acetylsalicylsäure ..................................................1272 Intoleranz ................................................1274 Primärprävention ....................................1275 xxiii aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 27.08.2010 09:40 Página xxiv Kortikoide ......................................................................1276 Systemische Kortikoide..........................................1279 Dermokortikoide ....................................................1280 Topische Kortikoide ..............................................1281 Lipidsenker....................................................................1284 Fibrate....................................................................1284 Statin......................................................................1285 Neuroleptika ..................................................................1291 Nitrate............................................................................1296 Antitussiva und Expectorantien ....................................1300 Bisphosphonate ............................................................1302 Thrombolytische Substanzen........................................1306 20 BREVIER 21 LABOR DIFFERENTIALDIAGNOSE Acenocoumarol ............................................................1308 Adenosin ......................................................................1309 Allopurinol ....................................................................1309 Amiodaron ....................................................................1310 Bicarbonat ....................................................................1311 Clonidin ........................................................................1311 Clopidogrel ....................................................................1312 Co-Trimoxazol (TMX/SMP) ..........................................1313 Digoxin ..........................................................................1314 Disulfiram ......................................................................1315 Ephedrin........................................................................1316 Esmolol ........................................................................1317 Flumazenil ....................................................................1317 Fluindione......................................................................1318 Frisch gefrorenes Plasma (FFP) ..................................1318 Furosemid ....................................................................1318 GELAFUNDIN® (Gelatine)............................................1331 Haloperidol ....................................................................1320 Kolloide - Kristalloide ....................................................1321 Labetalol........................................................................1322 Lidocain ........................................................................1322 Lorazepam ....................................................................1323 Methotrexat ..................................................................1324 Metoprolol ....................................................................1325 Midazolam ....................................................................1326 Milrinon..........................................................................1327 Naloxon ........................................................................1328 Paracetamol ..................................................................1328 Phenprocoumon............................................................1329 Phenytoin ......................................................................1330 «Pille danach» ..............................................................1331 Propafenon....................................................................1332 Propofol ........................................................................1333 Propranolol....................................................................1334 Salbutamol ....................................................................1335 Sotalol ..........................................................................1335 Vasopressin ..................................................................1336 Verapamil ......................................................................1337 Warfarin ........................................................................1338 Albumin ........................................................................1341 Elektrophorese der Plasmaproteine..............................1341 Alkalische Phosphatase ................................................1344 Amylase ........................................................................1345 ASAT (GOT) ..................................................................1346 ALAT (GPT) ..................................................................1348 Autoantikörper: ANA, RF, ANCA ..................................1350 Blutgasanalyse..............................................................1354 Metabolische Alkalose ..........................................1356 Respiratorische Alkalose........................................1357 Metabolische Azidose ............................................1359 Respiratorische Azidose ........................................1364 xxiv aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xxv BENCE-JONES Protein ................................................1366 BNP/NT-proBNP ..........................................................1422 CO2 ..............................................................................1366 Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit (BSG) ............................1367 Bilirubin ........................................................................1369 CK (CPK) ......................................................................1370 CK-MB ..................................................................1371 CRP ..............................................................................1372 D-Dimer ........................................................................1373 Ferritin ..........................................................................1374 Folsäure ........................................................................1374 Fibrinogen ....................................................................1375 Gamma-GT ..................................................................1376 Glykosyliertes Hämoglobin (HbA1c) ............................1377 Fruktosamin ..................................................................1377 Hämolyse ......................................................................1378 Harnstoff........................................................................1379 Harnsäure ....................................................................1380 Hyperglykämie ..............................................................1381 Hypoglykämie..................................................................678 Hypokaliämie ................................................................1383 Hyperkaliämie ..............................................................1386 Hypokalzämie................................................................1390 Hyperkalzämie ..............................................................1392 Hypernatriämie..............................................................1394 Hyponatriämie ..............................................................1396 SIADH ..........................................................................1401 Hyperhomozysteninämie ..............................................1403 Hypomagnesiämie ........................................................1404 Hypermagnesiämie ......................................................1405 Hypophosphatämie ......................................................1406 Hyperphosphatämie ......................................................1408 Kortisol ........................................................................ 1410 Ketonkörper ..................................................................1411 Kreatinin ........................................................................1411 Kreatinin-Clearance ..............................................1441 Laktat — Hyperlaktatämie ............................................1412 LDH ..............................................................................1413 Leukopenie....................................................................1414 Agranulozytose ......................................................1414 Neutropenie ..........................................................1414 Lymphopenie ........................................................1416 Eosinopenie ..........................................................1416 Monozytopenie ......................................................1416 Leukozytose ..................................................................1417 Neutrophilie............................................................1417 Lymphozytose ........................................................1418 Monozytose............................................................1418 Eosinophilie............................................................1418 Lipase............................................................................1419 Lipoproteine: HDL, LDL, VLDL......................................1420 Myoglobin......................................................................1421 Natriuretische Peptide ..................................................1422 ANP, BNP/NT-proBNP ..........................................1422 MCH, MCV, MCHC, Hämatokrit ....................................1423 Panzytopenie ................................................................1424 Plasmapherese — Plasmaaustausch ..........................1425 Procalcitonin..................................................................1426 Protein Hyperproteinämie — Hypoproteinämie..................1427 Prostatic specific antigen (PSA)....................................1428 Triglyzeride — Hypertriglyzeridämie ............................1429 Thrombozytopenie ........................................................1430 Thrombozytose ............................................................1432 Transferrinsättigung ......................................................1432 Troponin ........................................................................1434 Tumormarker ................................................................1436 xxv aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 27.08.2010 11:07 Página xxvi Urinanalyse: Status ......................................................1438 Urinsediment..........................................................1440 Kreatinin-Clearance ......................................................1441 Urinspot ........................................................................1442 Vitamin B12 ..................................................................1444 22 NORMWERTE ............................................................1446-1450 23 CYTOCHROM P 450 ..................................1452-1476 24 MIX 25 FORMELN Präeklampsie — Eklampsie ..........................................1478 HELLP-Syndrom ..........................................................1479 Schwangerschaftshypertonie ........................................1480 Wasserverteilung und -gleichgewicht............................1481 Rotes Auge .................................................................. 1482 Akute Uveitis anterior - Hypopion..................................1483 Virale Konjunktivitis ......................................................1483 Hordeolum - Furunkel ..................................................1483 Episkleritis ....................................................................1484 Pterygium ......................................................................1484 Chalzion ........................................................................1484 Bakterielle Konjunktivitis ..............................................1485 Akutes Engwinkelglaukom ............................................1486 Netzhautablösung ........................................................1487 Singultus ......................................................................1488 Benigne Prostatahyperplasie ........................................1490 Blasenhyperaktivität ......................................................1494 Alkoholserumspiegel ....................................................1498 Alveolo-Arterielle Sauerstoffdifferenz ............................1498 Arterio-venöse Sauerstoffdifferenz................................1499 Arterieller Sauerstoffdruck ............................................1499 Arterieller Mitteldruck ....................................................1500 BMI................................................................................1500 Chloriddefizit ................................................................1500 Digoxin ..........................................................................1500 Eisendefizit....................................................................1501 Gradient: Albumin-Serum-Aszites ................................1501 Hämoglobindefizit..........................................................1501 Idealgewicht (BROCA-Index) ........................................1501 Kaliumdefizit..................................................................1501 Kalzium: korrigierte Kalzämie........................................1502 LDL (FRIEDEWALD-Formel) ........................................1502 Natrium (Defizit, korrigierte Natriämie)..........................1503 Number needed to treat (NNT) ....................................1505 Osmolalität ....................................................................1506 Osmolarität....................................................................1506 Osmotisches Loch ........................................................1507 Retikulozytenindex ........................................................1508 Shunt: intrapulmonal ....................................................1509 Stickstoffbilanz ..............................................................1510 Transferrinsättigung ......................................................1511 Wasser: geschätzte Wassermenge, Wasserdefizit ......1512 MED-Index A: ICD → Handelsnamen® ....................1515-1559 MED-Index B: Handelsnamen® → ICD ..................1560-1602 Sachverzeichnis ............................................................1603-1670 xxvi aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xxvii Abkürzungen A AB ABGA ACE — — — ACLS ACS ACT ACTH ADH Adm. Adot AF αFP Ag AHT Ak ALI ALL Allg AMI AML Amp ANCA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ANP ANV ap AP — — — — APC-R APL Ak APLS — — — aPTT — ARA — ARB — ARDS — ARI AS ASLO ASS AT ATS AUC AVNRT — — — — — — — — AVRT — AZI — AZV — B BAL BAG — — BB β-HBS β-HCG — — — Antibiotika Arterielle Blutgasanalyse Angiotensin converting enzyme Advanced cardiac life support Akutes Koronarsyndrom Activating clotting time Adenocorticotropic Hormon Antidiuretisches Hormon Administration, Gabe Antidota, Gegengift Amaurosis fugax α-Foetoprotein Antigen Arterielle Hypertonie Antikörper Akute Leberzellinsuffizienz Akute lymphatische Leukämie Allgemeine Information Akuter Myokardinfarkt Akute myeloische Leukämie Ampulle Antineutrophile zytoplasmatische Antikörper Atrial natriuretic peptide Akutes Nierenversagen Antero-posterior (Röntgenbild) Angina pectoris, Alkalische Phosphatase, Arteria pulmonalis Aktivierte Protein C-Resistenz Antiphospholipid Antikörper Antiphospholipid Antikörper Syndrom Aktivierte partiale Thromboplastinzeit Angiotensin Rezeptor Antagonist (AT1) Angiotensin-Rezeptor Blocker (Angiotensin II Rezeptor Typ 1) Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute respiratory illness Ankylosierende Spondylitis Antistreptolysin-0-Antikörper Acetylsalicylsäure Atriale Tachykardie Atherosklerose Area under curve Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia Atrioventricular Reentry Tachycardia Akute zirkulatorische Insuffizienz (= «Schock») Atemzugvolumen BD bds. BDZ BE Bem BK BLS BMI BNP BPAP — — — — — — — — — — BPLS — Brstabl BSG BZ — — — Blutdruck beidseits Benzodiazepin Blutentnahme Bemerkung(en) Blutkultur Basic life support Body Mass Index Brain natriuretic peptide Bilevel (oder Biphasic) Positive Airway Pressure Benigner paroxysmaler Lagerungsschwindel Brausetablette Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit Blutzucker — — — — — — — — — Dos DPP-4 Drag DRU — — — — Tag(e) Differentialdiagnose Diskushernie Diagnose Diabetes insipidus Dauerkatheter Diabetische Ketoazidose Deziliter Disease modyfying anti-rheumatic drugs Dosierung Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-5 Dragée/s Digitale rektale Untersuchung E C ca. — CA — CA-MRSA— CaO2 — CAP — CBG CCP — — CDC — CDT — CEA — cGMP — CHOP — CIS CK CLL — — — CML — CMV COMT CNI COPD — — — — CPAP — CPK CPPD — — CPR CRF CRH — — — CRMO — CRP CTEPH — — Broncho-alveoläre Lavage Bundesamt für CVI Gesundheitswesen CVRF Betablocker CYP β-Hydroxybuttersäure β-human chorionic gonadotropin D d DD DH Dg DI DK DKA dL DMARD — — — Zirka Carcinom Community-acquired MRSA Sauerstoffgehalt Community-acquired pneumonia Corticosteroid binding globulin Antikörper gegen cyclisches citrulliniertes Peptid Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention Carbohydrate-DeficientTransferrin Carcinoembryonic Antigen, CEA, Carotis-Endarteriektomie Zyklisches GuanosinMonophosphat Cyclophosphamid, Adriamycin, Vincristin, Prednison Carcinoma in situ Kreatininkinase Chronisch lymphatische Leukämie Chronische myeloische Leukämie Cytomegalie-Virus Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Chronische Nierenisuffizienz Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Continuous Pulmonary Airway Pressure Kreatin-Phospho-Kinase Calcium Pyrophosphat Dihydrat Kardiopulmonale Reanimation Corticotropin releasing factor Corticotrope releasing hormone Chronisch rekurrierende multifokale Osteomyelitis C reaktives Protein Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Cerebro-vaskulärer Insult Kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren Cytochrom (P 450) E EBNA — — EBV EIA ENMG ERCP — — — — ET — Einheiten EPSTEIN-BARR nuclear antigen EPSTEIN-BARR-Virus Enzyme immunoassay Elektroneuromyographie Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreaticography Essentielle Thrombozytopenie F FEF FEV1 FFP FGS — — — — FiO2 Fl fL FRC FSH FSME — — — — — — FTA-ABS — FT3 FT4 FUO FVC — — — — Forced exspiratory flow 1-Sekundenkapazität Fresh frozen plasma Funktionelle gastrointestinale Störungen Inspirierte Sauerstofffraktion Flasche, Flacons Fentoliter (10-15/L) Funktionelle Residualkapazität Follikelstimulierendes Hormon Frühsommer Meningoenzephalitis Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed Freies T3 (Triiodthyronin) Freies T4 (Thyroxin) Fever of unknown origin Forcierte Vitalkapazität G g — GABA — GABHS — ggf. GH — — G/L GN GvHD — — — Gramm Gamma-Aminobutilsäure Gruppe A beta-hämolysierende Streptokokken gegebenenfalls Groth hormone (Wachstumshormon) Giga pro Liter (= 109/L) Glomerulonephritis Ghost versus host reaction H h HCG — — HCT HE — — Stunde(n)/Uhrzeit Gonadotropes Chorion Hormon Hydrochlorothiazid Hepatische Enzephalopathie xxvii aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xxviii Abkürzungen HF HHL HHZ — — — 5-HIAA HI HIT — — — HIV — Hk HLA HMV HPT HSV HT HVL HWI HWS HWZ HZV — — — — — — — — — — — Herzfrequenz Hypophysenhinterlappen Hyperosmolarerhyperglykämi scherZustand 5-Hydroxyindolacetat acid Herzinsuffizienz Heparin-induzierte Thrombozytopenie Human immunodeficiency virus Hämatokrit Histokompatibiltätsantigene Herzminutenvolumen Hyperparathyreoidismus Herpes simplex Virus Hypertonie Hypophysenvorderlappen Harnwegsinfekt Halswirbelsäule Halbwertszeit Herzzeitvolumen — — — — Kontrastmittel, Knochenmark kontinuierlich Konzentrat Karpaltunnelsyndrom NN NNR NNRTI — — — NNT NRTI — — L LA Lab LAP LDH LE Lös LP LJ LV LVEF — — — — — — — — — — — NSAR NSCLC — — NSE NW — — LVH LWS — — Liter Lupusantikoagulans Labor Leucin-Aminopeptidase Laktatdehydrogenase Lungenembolie Lösung Lumbalpunktion Lebensjahr Linker Ventrikel Linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion Linksventrikuläre Hypertrophie Lendenwirbelsäule L I-A IAP ICA ICF — — — — ICD — ICR — i.d.R. — IE — Ig — IgF1 — IGRA Test — Intra-artikulär Instabile Angina pectoris Internal carotis arteria International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Implatierbarer kardialer Defibrillator Intercostalraum In der Regel Internationale Einheiten Immunglobulin Insulin-like growth factor-I Interferon-gamma release assay Infusion Inhalation/en Injektion Intramuskulär International Normalized Ratio Idiopathische Lungenfibrose Intermittent positive pressure ventilation Intrarektal International Prostatsymptomscore Intrinsische sympathomimetische Aktivität Isosorbid Dinitrat Iliosakralgelenk Isosorbid Mononitrat Immunthrombozytopenische Purpura Inf Inhal Inj IM INR IPF IPPV — — — — — — — IR IPSS — — ISA — ISDN ISG ISMN ITP — — — — IV J — — Intravenös Joules, Jahre — — — — — — Kapseln Körpergewicht Kilogramm Koronare Herzkrankheit Kontraindikation(en) Klassifikation K M. MCA — — MCH — MCP MCTD — — MCV MDS MDRD — — — MEN MET MGUS — — — MI MIBG — — MIC — min MM ML MODY — — — — MRSA — MS — ms MSSA — — Musculus, Muskel, Morbus Mucin-like carcinoma associated antigen Mean corpuscular hemoglobine Metacarpo-phalangeal Gelenk Mixed connective tissue disease (SHARP-Syndrom) Mean corpuscular volume Myelodysplastisches Syndrom Modification of diet in renal disease Multiple endokrine Neoplasie Metabolic equivalent Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Myokardinfarkt Gammagraphie mit Meta-IodBenzyl-Guanidin Minimum inhibitory concentration Minuten Multiples Myelom Messlöffel Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Methycillin resistenter Staphylococcus aureus Multiple Sklerose, Mitralstenose Millisekunden Methycillin sensibler Staphylococcus aureus N N — NAC — NASCET — NEP NI NIB NIV NMH Nebenniere Nebennierenrinde Nichtnukleosidische Reverse Transkriptase Inhibitoren Number needed to treat Nukleosidische Reverse Transkriptase Inhibitoren Nicht steroidale Antirheumatika Lungenkarzinom (Nichtkleinzeller) Neuron Specific Enolase Nebenwirkung(en) O OAD OAK OGIB OMF OP OPS — — — — — Orale Antidiabetika Orale Antikoagulation Obere Gastrointestinalblutung Osteomyelofibrose Operation Operationssaal P M I/J Kaps KG kg KHK KI KIas KM kont. Konz. KTS — — — — — Normwert(e) N-Acetylcystein North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Neutral Endopeptidase Niereninsuffizienz Nicht invasive Beatmung Non invasive ventilation Niedermolekular Heparin PA PAH PAN PaO2 PAVK — — — — — PBC PCI — — PCP — PCR PCV PCWP — — — PDE5 PEA PEF PEEP — — — — PEG — PH PICA PiCCO — — — PJRT — PMBV — PNH — PO PRL Prog PSA PsA PSC — — — — — — PSMF PT PTHi PVL PvO2 PY — — — — — — Pulmonalarterie Pulmonal arterielle Hypertonie Panarteriitis nodosa Arterieller Sauerstoffdruck Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit Primär biliäre Zirrhose Perkutane koronare Intervention Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonie Polymerized chain reaction Pressure controlled ventilation Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure Phosphodiesterase Typ 5 Pulslose elektrische Aktivität Peak Flow Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Perkutane endoskopische Gastrostomie Pulmonale Hypertonie A. cerebelli posterior inferior Pulscontour Continuous Cardiac Output Permanent Junctional Reciprocing Tachycardie Perkutane mitrale BallonValvulotomie Paroxysmale nächtliche Hämoglobinurie Per os Prolaktin Prognose Prostatic specific antigen Psoriasisassoziierte Arthritis Primär sklerosierende Cholangitis Protein sparing modified fast Prothrombinzeit (Quick) Parathormon (intakt) Panton Valentin Leucocidin Venöser Sauerstoffdruck Pack Years xxviii aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xxix Abkürzungen T Q QTc — Korrigiertes QT-Intervall R RA RCA REGA Resp RF RFA RG RIND — — — — — — — — RIVA — RV RVH Rx RZA — — — — Rheumatoide Arthritis Rechte Koronararterie Rescue Guard Respektive Rheumatisches Fieber Radiofrequenzablation Rasselgeräusche Reversible ischemic neurological deficit Ramus interventricularis anterior Rechter Ventrikel Rechter Vorhof Röntgen(bild) Riesenzellarteriitis HORTON S S — SaO2 — SAPHO — SARS — SCC SCLC SCM SD — — — — sek SHT SI SIADH — — — — SIRS — SK SLE — — SMARD — SMX sog. SpA — — — SpO2 SPECT — — SS SSRI — — SSW Stad SUBL Subst Supp/o Susp SvO2 — — — — — — — SvcO2 — SVT Syn — — Herzton («sound») Arterielle Sauerstoffsättigung Synovitis, Akne, palmo-plantare Pustulose, Hyperostose, Osteitis Schweres akutes respiratorisches Syndrom Squamous cell carcinoma Lungenkarzinom (Kleinzeller) M. Sternocleidomastoideus Schilddrüse oder Standarddeviation Sekunden Schädel-Hirn-Trauma International System of Units Syndrom der inappropriaten ADH-Sekretion Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Sinusknoten Systemischer Lupus erythematodes Symptom modyfying anti-rheumatic drugs Sulfamethoxazol sogenannt Spondyloarthritis (früher: seronegative Spondylarthropathie) Periphere Sauerstoffsättigung Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Schwangerschaft Selektiver Serotonin Rezeptor Inhibitor (Wiederaufnahmehemmer) Schwangerschaftswoche Stadieneinteilung Sublingual Substanz Suppositorien Suspension Gemischt venöse Sauerstoffsättigung Zentralvenöse Sauerstoffsättigung Supraventrikuläre Tachykardie Synonym W t Tabl TBSA Tdp TEBK TEE — — — — — — TENS — TG Th TIA TIPS — — — — TMP TNF TPT TPHA — — — — TPPA — TRAK TSH TTE — — — TTP — TURB — TURP — TVT — Zeit Tabletten Total body surface area Torsade de pointes Totale Eisenbindungskapazität Transösophageale Echokardiographie Transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation Triglyzeride Therapie Trans ischemic attack Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Trimethoprim Tumor necrosis factor Partielle Thromboplastinzeit Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay Thyreoglobulin Antikörper Thyroid stimulating hormone Transthorakale Echokardiographie Thrombotisch thrombozytopenische Purpura Transurethrale Blasenresektion Transurethrale Prostataresektion Tiefe Venenthrombose WENS — WHO — World Federation of Neurological Surgeons World Health Organization — — — — Zentrales Nervensystem Zentraler Venendruck Zytochrom (P 450) Zur Zeit Z ZNS ZVD ZYP z.Z. U UACS — UPA Urs UHS — — — Upper Airway Cough Syndrome Units pack years Ursache(n) Urämisch hämolytisches Syndrom V V., Vv VAP — — VATS — VCSS VCV VDRL — — — VF VHFli. VLCD VO2 Vorg vs VSD VT — — — — — — — — VTEK — vWF — Vene, Venen Ventilator associated pneumonia Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery Vena-cava-superior-Syndrom Volume controlled ventilation Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory Ventrikuläre Fibrillation Vorhofflimmern Very low calorie diet Sauerstoffbedarf Vorgehen versus Ventrikelseptumdefekt Ventrikuläre Tachykardie, Tidal volume (Atemzugvolumen) Venöse thromboembolische Krankheit Von Willebrand Faktor xxix aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG i-xxx_SURF_med_2010:833-838_FIN copy 23.06.2010 17:08 Página xxx xxx aus: Furger, Innere Medizin quick (ISBN 9783131383839 © 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
