Konjunktiv II Zusammenfassung
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Konjunktiv II - Zusammenfassung Present Subjunctive II: What you would do. Past Subjunctive II: What you would have done. Präsens: Zwei Möglichkeiten: "würde + infinitive" OR the "one-word form" gehen ==> ich würde gehen ["würde + infinitive"] OR ich ginge ["one-word form"] Both mean "I would go" lachen ==> ich würde lachen ["würde + infinitive"] OR ich lachte ["one-word form"] Both mean "I would laugh" Vergangenheit: Nur eine Möglichkeit: hätte/wäre + past participle "haben"-verbs ==> hätte + past participle ich hätte gelacht (I would have laughed); sie hätte gesungen (she would have sung); du hättest das Auto repariert (you would have repaired the car) "sein"-verbs ==> wäre + past participle ich wäre gegangen (I would have gone); er wäre gestorben (he would have died); die Bombe wäre explodiert (the bomb would have exploded) Modal verbs and Subjunctive II Präsens: Use the one-word form only (more on this below) INFINITIV können sollen KONJUNKTIV könnte mehr arbeiten sollte mehr arbeiten müssen müsste mehr arbeiten ENGLISCH could work more should/ought to work more really should work more OR would have to work more Vergangenheit:Use a double infinitive construction, i.e. the infinitive of the main verb ("arbeiten," in the examples below) plus the infinitive of the modal verb. In the examples below, the two infinitives are highlighted in bold. INFINITIV können sollen KONJUNKTIV hätte mehr arbeiten können hätte mehr arbeiten sollen müssen hätte mehr arbeiten müssen ENGLISCH could have worked more should have worked more really should have worked more OR would have had to work more Note that with the double infinitive constructions, the auxiliary verb is ALWAYS hätte, never wäre: Du hättest mit mir gehen sollen (You should have gone with me) Ich hätte das nicht tun dürfen (I really shouldn't have done that) Wir hätten sterben können! (We could have died!) Use the one-word form (NOT würde + infinitive) for the Present Subjunctive II of the following verbs: haben & sein wissen the modal verbs: können, dürfen, mögen, müssen, wollen & sollen Note how these forms evolve from the Präteritum (the "one-word-past-tense") forms of these verbs: Infinitiv Präteritum Konjunktiv II haben hatte hätte sein war wäre wissen wusste wüsste können konnte könnte dürfen durfte dürfte mögen mochte möchte müssen musste müsste wollen wollte wollte sollen sollte sollte You'll note that the Present Subjunctive II of wollen and of sollen does not have an Umlaut. To help you remember this, note that the Present Subjunctive II of the modal verbs has an Umlaut whenever the infinitive has an Umlaut. This means that the Konjunktiv II forms of the modal verbs wollen and sollen are identical to their Präteritum forms. You'll usually be able to tell from the context whether past or subjunctive is intended. Tip: Think of können as "to be able to" rather than "can." This will make it much easier for you to discern whether the past tense (konnte) or Present Subjunctive II (könnte) should be used for the English word "could," which can mean either "was able to" or "would be able to." This is one more example of how German is often much clearer and easier than English! Ex: Ich konnte das nie machen. I was never able to do that. (I could never do that.) vs. Ich könnte das nie machen. I would never be able to do that. (I could never do that.) More on the meanings of the modal verbs in Subjunctive II The English equivalents of the Present and Past Subjunctive II forms of the modal verbs are not always obvious. Here is a complete table. Where the negations have "surprising" meanings, they are also included below. Ich könnte lachen Ich sollte lachen Ich müsste lachen Ich müsste nicht lachen Ich dürfte lachen Ich wollte lachen Ich möchte lachen Ich hätte lachen können Ich hätte lachen sollen Ich hätte lachen müssen Ich hätte nicht lachen müssen Ich hätte lachen dürfen Ich hätte nicht lachen dürfen Ich hätte lachen wollen Ich hätte lachen mögen [quite rarely used] I could laugh I should laugh I would have to laugh OR I really should laugh I would not have to laugh I would be allowed to laugh I would want to laugh I would like to laugh I could have laughed I should have laughed I would have had to laugh OR I really should have laughed I would not have had to laugh I would have been allowed to laugh I really shouldn't have laughed OR I would not have been allowed to laugh I would have wanted to laugh I would have liked to laugh Uses of Subjunctive II Hypothetical statements (often but not necessarily involving "wenn"): Was würdest du tun, wenn das passiert? (What would you do if that happens?) Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich ein Gedicht schreiben. (If I had time, I would write a poem.) Was hättest du getan? (What would you have done?) Wishes: Wenn ich das nur wüsste! (If only I knew that!) Wenn ich das nur gewusst hätte! (If only I had known that!) Ich wünschte, ich hätte dich nie kennen gelernt! (I wish I'd never met you!) Ich wünschte, du würdest im Verkehr spielen! (I wish you would play in traffic!) To make polite requests or suggestions: Könntest du mir bitte helfen? (Could you please help me?) Ich hätte gern ein Bier. (I'd like a beer.) Hätten Sie Zeit, mir das zu erklären? (Would you have time to explain that to me?) Subjunctive I (NOT covered in this course!) We don't have time to cover Subjunctive I in this course, but it's certainly worth knowing about. Its basic use is for reporting indirect speech, i.e. what other people have said (or thought). In everyday speech, one tends to ignore Subjunctive I and simply to use the Indicative to report what other people say or think. In writing, one sees Subjunctive I more often; it's particularly common in newspapers. Subjunctive I verb forms are very regular, but the ending pattern is the same as for Subjunctive II. Tell-tale signs of Subjunctive I third person singular verb with an -e ending instead of the -t ending you would expect in the Present Indicative the forms sei and seien (from the verb sein) Examples: Sie sagt, er sei ein Dummkopf (She says he's a fool) Er denkt, er könne fliegen (He thinks he can fly) Sie sagte, sie habe keine Zeit (She said she didn't have any time) Er glaubt, sie esse kein Schweinefleisch (He thinks she doesn't eat pork) Sie sagte, sie sei noch nie in Singapur gewesen (She said she'd never been to Singapore) Er schrie, er habe gewonnen (He yelled that he had won) For more information, see http://lw.lsa.umich.edu/german/hmr/Grammatik/Konjunktiv_I.html
