Englisch als 1. Fremdsprache

conditional clauses type 2
(Bedingungssätze Typ 2)
if-clause
main clause
If I won a million,
I would travel around the world.
simple past
infinitive)
conditional (would/could/might +
condition cannot be fulfilled
or is unlikely to be fulfilled
!!! If I were you, I … !!!
indirect/reported speech I
(Indirekte Rede I)
1. Change personal pronouns and possessive determiners according to the context.
“I´m ill.”
She says she is ill.
2. Change tenses (backshift) if the introductory verb (=einleitendes Verb) is in the
past:
simple present
simple past
present perfect
simple past
past perfect
past perfect
will
may
can
would
might
could
indirect/reported speech II
(Indirekte Rede II)
3.
Change expressions of time according to the context.
“I was ill yesterday.”
today
tomorrow
yesterday
next year
4.
5.
She said she had been ill the day before. (one week later)
that day
the next/following day
the day before
the next/following year
tonight
this evening
three days ago
last week
that night
that evening
three days before/earlier
the week before
Questions in reported speech
direct speech
question with question word
“What´s the problem?”
indirect speech
same question word
She asked me what the problem was.
question without question word
“Do you like maths?”
if/ whether
She asked me if/whether I liked maths.
Commands (Aufforderungen), requests (Bitten), advice (Ratshläge) in reported speech
subject
verb
object
She
told
me (not)
+ to + infinitive
to
close
to tell, to ask, to want, to order, to warn, to advise, to expect
the window.
past perfect (simple)
When I arrived, the others had eaten all the food.
Verwendung: - drückt Vorzeitigkeit aus
! Handlung/ Zustand vor einer anderen Handlung/ einem anderen Zustand in der
Vergangenheit
! Bezugspunkt liegt in der Vergangenheit
Bildung:
had + past participle
Frage:
The others had eaten all the food.
X
Had the others eaten all the food?
Verneinung:
The others hadn´t eaten all the food.
!!!
I had (already) had dinner when my parents came home.
Dinner had already been prepared when I came home (passive!).
Signalwörter ähnlich wie bei present perfect!
The passive voice I
(Das Passiv I)
S
V
O
Aktiv (A)
He kisses her.
Passiv (P)
She is kissed by him.
S
V im Passiv
by-agent
A:
Das Subjekt ”tut” etwas.
unterschiedliche
P:
Mit dem Subjekt „“geschieht“ etwas.
Handlungsträger: by-agent
Perspektiven
Der by-agent kann weggelassen werden, wenn er unwichtig, offensichtlich oder unbekannt ist oder wir
ihn nicht nennen wollen:
Somebody stole my bike. ! My bike was stolen.
Bildung:
Form von ‘to be’ in der richtigen Zeit + past participle
The passive voive II
(Das Passiv II)
Verben + Präpositionen:
They looked after the injured boy.
The injured boy was looked after.
! Mit dem Verb eng verbundene Präpositionen stehen auch im Passiv direkt nach dem Verb (vgl. auch
to operate on, to look for etc.)
Infinitiv des Passiv:
The parents must be informed.
They should be told everything.
! be + past participle wird ohne ‘to’ direkt an Hilfsverben angehängt (Ausnahme: ought to)
progressive form: The injured boy is being looked after.
! Form von ‘to be’ + being + past participle (nur im present und past üblich)
! Eine bestimmte Handlung ist zu einem Zeitpunkt/in einem Zeitraum noch nicht abgeschlossen