1.3 Content and Overview - IfIS - Technische Universität Braunschweig

Spatial Databases and
Geographic Information
Systems
Karl Neumann
Sarah Tauscher
Institut für Informationssysteme
Technische Universität Braunschweig
http://www.ifis.cs.tu-bs.de
1 Introduction
http://www.radcyberzine.com/
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Organizational Issues
1.3 Content and Overview
1.4 Literature
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.1 Motivation
• Weather
radar
http://www.wetter.com/wetter_aktuell/
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.1 Motivation
• Route
planning
http://www.viamichelin.de/
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.1 Motivation
• Car navigation
http://img.alibaba.com/
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.1 Motivation
• City
model
visualization tool: [Me12]
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.1 Motivation
http://www.aponet.de/service/apotheke-finden/
• Search for point of interest
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1.1 Motivation
• Tree register
http://www.baumbuero.de/
http://falk-weihs.com/
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1.1 Motivation
http://www.braunschweig.de/
• Railway noise prediction
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.1 Motivation
http://www.mark-itservices.com/
• Container tracking
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1.2 Organizational Issues
• Lecture
– 19. 10.2012 - 01.02.2013
– 9:45 - 12:00
– Exercises and detours integrated into lecture
– URL:
www.ifis.cs.tu-bs.de/
teaching/ws-1213/gis
• Credits: 4 or 5
(depending on your
course of study)
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.2 Organizational Issues
• Exams
– Oral exam
– 04. -08. 02.2013
– Register at examination office
– Get an appointment
at the Ifis secretariat
→ Regine Dalkiran
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 2 Spatial Data Modelling
– 2.1 Introduction
– 2.2 Geometry
– 2.3 Conversion between Vector and Raster Models
– 2.4 Topology
– 2.5 Fields
– 2.6 AAA-Project
– 2.7 Operations
– 2.8 Summary
http://skagit.meas.ncsu.edu/~helena/gmslab/interp/F1a.gif
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Spatial object/Geoobject: element to model real world
data in geographic information system
– Are described by spatial data (geodata)
– Spatial information: custom-designed spatial data
– Chief difference to “conventional” objects
(“What’s so special about spatial?”):
• Geometry
• Topology
http://speedymole.com/Tubes/Paris/
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Vector: minimum distance between a point and a line
http://worboys.duckham.org/
– Raster: distance matrices for distance determination
city block metric
chessboard metric
Euclidean distance
of centers
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 3 Mapping of Spatial Data
– 3.1 Properties of Maps
– 3.2 Signatures, Text, Color
– 3.3 Geometric Generalization
– 3.4 Label and Symbol
Placement
– 3.5 Summary
http://homepage.univie.ac.at/.../Janschitz_Text.pdf
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Challenges
• Projection of the 3D surface on two dimensions
(paper, film, screen)
• Selection of the spatial objects and
their attributes to be displayed
• Generalization of geometric and
thematic properties (simplify,
omit depending on scale)
• Exaggeration and displacement
(e.g. river valley with roads and
railway lines)
http://maps.google.de/
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Douglas/Peucker algorithm
1. given: polyline L, threshold g
2. determine line between the start and
end point of L,
3. determine the point of L that is furthest
from the line segment
4. if distance > g then the point is
significant, repeat procedure for
both sub-lines,
otherwise remove all the points between
the start and end point of L
http://en.wiki.mcneel.com/
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 4 Spatial Queries
– 4.1 Development of SQL
– 4.2 Core SQL Queries
– 4.3 Spatial Queries and Core SQL
– 4.4 Spatial Extension of the
Relational Algebra
– 4.5 Spatial Extensions of SQL
– 4.6 Evaluation of Spatial Queries
– 4.7 Summary
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Query 6:
Ids of churches which are located no more than 2 km
from a car park
Building(id: string, typeOfUse: String, groundPlan: Polygon)
πid1(σDistance(Centroid(groundPlan1),
Centroid(groundPlan2))<2000
(σtypeOfUse1=′church′∧typeOfUse2=′car park′
(Building × Building)))
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Therefore evaluation of spatial queries in 2 steps
• Filter step
– Determination of possible hits by evaluation on spatial
approximation (lower costs)
• Refinement step
– Evaluation on accurate geometry only for objects of the filter step
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 5 Spatial Access Methods
– 5.1 Quadtree
– 5.2 R-tree
– 5.3 K-d tree
– 5.4 BSP tree
– 5.5 Grid file
– 5.6 Summary
B
4
7
J
3
27
17
5
26
11
E
A
13
28
G
9
31
D
K
29
18
24
28
8
17
21
22
C
15
23
I
H
F
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Problems
• Only suitable for points
• False positives, the solutions supplied by the index have to
be verified
• Adequacy depends on the position of the query window
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Split at a data points or at an arbitrary points
– Choice of split dimension
• Alternating or dimension with the largest extent
– Choice of split position
• Median or average
65
4
1
2
3
4 3
2
2
2
3
1
3
1
3
3
2
1
2
3
2
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 6 Spatial Data and XML
– 6.1 Standards
– 6.2 XML
– 6.3 GML
– 6.4 XSLT
– 6.5 SVG
– 6.6 Summary
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Example: a DTD of a city
<!ELEMENT city(name, inhabitants?, area)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT inhabitants(#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT area(polygon+)>
<!ELEMENT polygon (point, point, point,
point, point*)>
<!ELEMENT point(x, y)>
<!ELEMENT x (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT y (#PCDATA)>
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Path instruction for complex shapes, lines and areas
• Element’s attributes include the attribute “d” for specifying
the points of the path
• Attribute “d” contains further commands for the
interpretation of the points
• E.g. a point may be the begin or the end of a curve or of a
line
<path id="SN4100_einzelsignaturNadelholz"
d="M 130 0 L -50 0 0 -180 50 0"
fill="none" stroke-miterlimit="20"
stroke-linejoin="miter"
stroke-width="12" stroke="&baumgrün;"/>
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 7 Application Programming
– 7.1 Connecting SQL with Programming Languages
– 7.2 Postgres and JDBC
– 7.3 Oracle Spatial and JDBC
– 7.4 Processing of GMLbased Data
– 7.5 Functional Programming
with Polygons
– 7.6 Summary
[KGB04]
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1.3 Content and Overview
– For processing geometric attributes the special Java
class "JGeometry" is offered
– JGeometry maps the SDO_GEOMETRY data type to
a structure (STRUCT)
– Numerous basic methods for accessing spatial
information are offered, including
• createCircle, createPoint, createLinearPolygon, equals,
getDimensions, getElemInfo, getFirstPoint, getJavaPoint,
getJavaPoints, getLastPoint, getNumPoints,
getOrdinatesArray, getSize, getType, isCircle, isPoint,
isRectangle, load, setType, store, toString
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Perimeter of polygons
(define perimeter (lambda (poly)
(if (not (null? (trunc-poly poly)))
(+ (point-distance (point1 poly)
(point2 poly))
(perimeter (trunc-poly poly)))
0)))
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 8 Architecture of Geographic Information
Systems
– 8.1 GIS Hardware and
Software
– 8.2 Hybrid vs. Integrated
Systems
– 8.3 Clients and Servers
– 8.4 Web-based Spatial
Databases
– 8.5 Summary
[SX08]
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Architecture of GIS can be roughly classified
•
•
•
•
File based
Hybrid
Layer-oriented
Integrated
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Selection of some common GIS Servers
• ESRI
– ArcGIS
– ArcIMS
– ArcSDE
•
•
•
•
GRASS
Smallworld
Oracle Spatial
Postgres, PostGIS
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 9 Remote Sensing
– 9.1 Physical Basics
– 9.2 Recording Techniques
– 9.3 Image Processing
– 9.4 Thematic Classification
– 9.5 Summary
http://saturn.unibe.ch/.../Fotogrammetrie-Bildflug.pdf
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– System characteristics
• Recording techniques
– Radiometric resolution
– Geometric resolution
• Platform
–
–
–
–
Kind of platform
Altitude
Orbit
Period
• Mission
www.atmos.albany.edu/deas/
atmclasses/atm335/history.pdf
www.irs.uni-stuttgart.de
– Temporal coverage
– Spatial coverage
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Example: aerial photo of Braunschweig
•
•
•
•
•
Altitude approximately 1600 m
Ground resolution 10 cm
Color reversal film
Central projection
21. April 2005
www.braunschweig.de/.../luftbilder.html
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 10 Location Based Services
– 10.1 Positioning
– 10.2 Car Navigation
– 10.3 Map Matching
– 10.4 Privacy
– 10.5 Summary
http://de.wikipedia.org/
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Application examples
Person- Communication
oriented
Deviceoriented
Push Services
Pull Services
A message is pushed to you
asking whether you allow a
friend to locate you
You request from a friend finder
application who is near you
Information
You get an alert that a terror You look for the nearest cinema
alarm has been issued by the in your area and navigation
city you are in
instructions to get there
M-Commerce
and Advertising
A discount voucher is being
You look for events happening
sent to you from a restaurant in the area you are in
in the area you are in
An alert is sent to you from
an asset-tracking application
that one of your shipments
has just deviated from its
foreseen route
You request information on
where your truck fleet currently
is located in the country
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Enables three dimensional positioning near the earth
• Measuring the runtime of signals between the satellite and
the GPS-receiver, from which the distance and the position
can be deduced (trilateration)
• The transmitted signal describes
a circular sphere centered at the
satellite on whose surface the
signal is received at the same
time → circular baseline of
equal receiving times
on earth
http://www.uni-giessen.de/ilr/frede/
lehrveranstaltungen/MP_51/2.6-GPS.pdf
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 11 Environmental Information Systems
– 11.1 Environmental Data
– 11.2 Collection of Environmental Data
– 11.3 Monitoring Networks
– 11.4 Laboratory Data
– 11.5 Example: EIS
Baden-Württemberg
– 11.6 Summary
http://www.wuz-paderborn.de/
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Applications
Environmental documentation
Recording, monitoring
Biotope cadastre
Radiation detection
Simulation of environmental
processes
• Environmental compatibility
assessment
• Informing the public
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.e-c-o.at
http://www.bec-kommunal.de/
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
– Example: sensor network on Great Duck Island
• For monitoring of the petrels' breeding in the U.S. state of
Maine
• Network of 32 sensor nodes
• 9 nodes in different breeding
caves
• Temperature measurement in
the nest (presence of the
old birds)
http://www.wired.com/
• Additional nodes for measurement of
air temperature and humidity and for message forwarding
• Example of peer-to-peer sensor network
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.3 Content and Overview
• 12 Review and Outlook
– 12.1 Review
– 12.2 Outlook
http://www-kdd.isti.cnr.it/NWA
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [Al09]
Albertz, J.: Einführung in die Fernerkundung.
4. Aufl., Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft,
2009.
• [Ba05]
Bartelme, N.: Geoinformatik – Modelle,
Strukturen, Funktionen. 4. Aufl., Springer, 2005.
• [BCKO10]
Berg, M. de; Cheong, O.; Kreveld, M. van;
Overmars, M.: Computational Geometry –
Algorithms and Applications. 3. Ed. , Springer,
2010.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [Be08]
Bernhardsen, T.: Geographic Information
Systems – An Introduction.
3. Ed., Wiley, 2008.
• [EE04]
Eckstein, R.; Eckstein, S.: XML und
Datenmodellierung. dpunkt.verlag, 2004.
• [Ei02]
Eisenberg, J.D.: SVG Essentials. O’Reilly,
2002.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [Fi05]
Fischer-Stabel, P. (Hrsg.): Umweltinformationssysteme. Wichmann, 2005.
• [Gü10]
Günther, O.: Environmental Information
Systems. Springer, 2010.
• [He06]
Hennermann, K.: Kartographie und GIS – Eine
Einführung. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft,
2006.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [HGM02]
Hake, G.; Grünreich, D.; Meng, L.: Kartographie.
8. Aufl., de Gruyter, 2002.
• [Ka08]
Kay, M.: XSLT 2.0 and XPath 2.0 –
Programmer’s Reference. 4. Ed., Wrox, 2008.
• [KGB07]
Kothuri, R.; Godfrind, A.; Beinat, E.: Pro Oracle
Spatial. Apress, 2007.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [KO09]
Kraak, M.-J.; Ormeling, F.: Cartography –
Visualization of Spatial Data. 3. Ed.,
Pearson Education Limited, 2009.
• [La06]
Lange, N. de: Geoinformatik in Theorie und
Praxis. 2. Aufl., Springer, 2006.
• [LKC08]
Lillesand, T.; Kiefer, R.; Chipman, J.: Remote
Sensing and Image Interpretation. 6. Ed.,
Wiley, 2008.
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [PA04]
Plümer, L.; Asche, H. (Hrsg.): Geoinformation –
Neue Medien für eine neue Disziplin.
Wichmann, 2004.
• [RSV02]
Rigaux, P.; Scholl, M.; Voisard, A.: Spatial
Databases with Application to GIS. Morgan
Kaufmann, 2002.
• [Sa06]
Samet, H.: Foundations of Multidimensional
and Metric Data Structures. Elsevier Science
& Technology, 2006.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [SaS03]
Saake, G.; Sattler, K.-U.: Datenbanken & Java.
2. Aufl., dpunkt.Verlag, 2003.
• [SC03]
Shashi, S.; Chawlanjay, C.: Spatial Databases –
A Tour. Prentice Hall, 2003.
• [SV04]
Schiller, J.;Voisard, A. (Eds.): Location-Based
Services. Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Books
• [SX08]
Shekhar, S.; Xiong, H. (Eds.): Encyclopedia of
GIS. Springer, 2008.
• [UW06]
Ueberschär, N.; Winter, A.:Visualisieren von
Geodaten mit SVG im Internet. Wichmann,
2006.
• [WD04]
Worboys, M.; Duckham, M.: GIS: A Computing
Perspective. 2. Ed., CRC Press, 2004.
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1.4 Literature - Articles
• [Ba08]
Baumann, P.: Konzeptuelle Modellierung von Geodiensten.
Informatik-Spektrum, Band 31, Nr. 5, 2008, pp. 435–450.
• [Br07]
Breunig, M.: Geodatenbankforschung: Rückblick und
Perspektiven aus Sicht der Informatik. Datenbank-Spektrum,
Band 21, Nr. 20, 2007, pp. 5–14.
• [DP73]
Douglas, D.H.; Peucker, T.K.: Algorithms for the Reduction of
the Number of Points required to represent a digitized Line
or its Caricature. The Canadian Cartographer, Jhrg. 10, Heft 2,
1973, pp. 112–122.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Articles
• [Gü94]
Güting, R.H.: An Introduction to Spatial Database
Systems.VLDB Journal, Band 3, Nr. 4, 1994, pp. 357–399.
• [Ne02]
Neumann, K.: Funktionales Programmieren mit Polygonen. Mitteilungen des Bundesamtes für Kartographie
und Geodäsie, (MdBKG), Band 22, 2002, pp. 125–136.
• [NE03]
Neumann, K.; Eckstein, S.: Geography Markup Language
(GML) – Eine Einführung aus Informatiksicht. MdBKG,
Band 24, 2003, pp. 103–111.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Articles
• [NGNSW07]
Neumann, K.; Grutza, M.; Nordmann, T.; Schlutow, F.; Wolf,
C.: Metaautomation der Liegenschaftskarte. MdBKG,
Band 39, 2007, pp. 15–29.
• [NKM05]
Neumann, K.; Kupfer, A.;
Mathiak, B.: Umsetzung des
Signaturenkataloges SK25
bei der XML-basierten Erzeugung kartenähnlicher
Graphiken. MdBKG, Band 34, 2005, pp. 107–118.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Articles
• [NKP08]
Neumann, K.; Kupfer, A.; Panse, F.: Generierung von
Gebäude-Präsentationsobjekten für NAS-Bestandsdatenauszüge. MdBKG, Band 41, 2008, pp. 83–92.
• [NMK04]
Neumann, K.; Mathiak, B.; Kupfer, A.: Modellierung und
kartographische Visualisierung von Geodaten mit XMLbasierten Sprachen. Proc. “Modellierung 2004”, B. Rumpe,
W. Hesse (Hrsg.), LNI P-45, 2004, pp. 93–107.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Articles
• [NPW06]
Neumann, K.; Petri, J.; Wolf, C.: Erzeugung kartenähnlicher
Graphiken: XML-basierte Verdrängung und Platzierung
von Punktsignaturen. MdBKG, Band 36, 2006, pp. 89–98.
• [NSe01]
Neumann, K.; Selke, M.: Elemente der
Programmiersprache Java vorgestellt an
einer Modifikation des
Douglas/Peucker-Algorithmus zur
Erhaltung rechter Winkel. MdBKG,
Band 20, 2001, pp. 87–97.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Articles
• [PP97]
Petzold, I.; Plümer, L.: Platzierung der Beschriftung in
dynamisch erzeugten Bildschirmkarten. Nachrichten aus
dem Karten- und Vermessungswesen, (NaKaVerm),
Reihe I, Nr. 117, 1997, pp. 95–113.
• [Se00]
Sester, M.: Automatische
Generalisierung mittels
Ausgleichung. MdBKG,
Band 17, 2000, pp. 105–113.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature - Articles
• [Se07]
Sester, M.: Generierung von kartographischen
Präsentationen im Maßstab 1:25.000 und 1:50.000 mit
PUSH und TYPIFY. MdBKG, Band 39, 2007, pp. 93–101.
• [SH95]
Schoppmeyer, J.; Heisser, M.: Behandlung von Geometrietypwechseln in GIS. NaKaVerm, Reihe I, Nr. 113,1995,
pp. 209–224.
• [TN10]
Tauscher, S.; Neumann, K.: Polygonverschneidung mit
SQL. MdBKG, Band 45, 2010, pp. 133–143.
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1.4 Literature – Student Works
• [Br09]
Bruchno, S.: Realisierung einer Beispiel-Anwendung mit
PostgreSQL, JDBC und geometrischen Datentypen.
Studienarbeit, TU Braunschweig, 2009.
• [Bu10]
Budgenhagen, B.: Automatische Visualisierung von
Quadtrees mit XFig. Studienarbeit, TU Braunschweig,
2010.
• [Bu11]
Budgenhagen, B.:Visuelle Darstellung des Überganges von
Polygonen zu Linienzügen durch Rasterisierung und
topologische Skelettierung. Diplomarbeit,
TU Braunschweig, 2011.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature – Student Works
• [Da12]
Darda, R.: Visuelle Darstellung von Rasterisierung und
Blockcodierung vektorbasierter Polygone. Studienarbeit,
TU Braunschweig, 2012.
• [La09]
Latta, C.: Visualisierung der Z-Ordnung realistischer
Punktmengen mit XFig. Studienarbeit, TU Braunschweig,
2009.
• [Me11]
Menzel, M.: Übergang von Polygonen zu Linienzügen:
Implementierung des Petzold/Plümer-Verfahrens.
Studienarbeit, TU Braunschweig, 2011.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature – Student Works
• [Me12]
Menzel, M.:Verknüpfung von Radar-Höhendaten und OSMFlächendaten zur Realisierung eines einfachen Stadtmodells
am Beispiel von Braunschweig. Diplomarbeit,
TU Braunschweig, 2012.
• [Ra10]
Rath, C.: Visualisierung von unregelmäßig verteilten
Messpunkten durch Delaunay-Triangulation mit XFig, CGALMethoden und Java. Studienarbeit, TU Braunschweig, 2010.
• [Sc11]
Schön, A.: Erstellung aktueller Windkarten für Deutschland
durch Web-Mining und Inverse-Distance-Weighting.
Masterarbeit, TU Braunschweig, 2011.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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1.4 Literature – Student Works
• [Sp10]
Spannknebel, J.: Visualisierung der Splitmöglichkeiten
beim R-Baum. Studienarbeit, TU Braunschweig, 2010.
• [St11]
Stachowiak, N.: Greedy- und Delaunay-Triangulation von
Polygonen im XFig-Format. Studienarbeit,
TU Braunschweig, 2011.
• [Zo12]
Zorigoo-Graap, S.: Konstruktion und anspruchsvolle
Visualisierung von experimentellen Variogrammen mit
XFig und Java. Studienarbeit, TU Braunschweig, 2012.
Spatial Databases and GIS – Karl Neumann, Sarah Tauscher– Ifis – TU Braunschweig
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