Sentence Structure and Conjunctions
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Sentence Structure and Conjunctions.doc (328 KB) Pobierz Sentence Structure and Conjunctions Use your browser's 'BACK' command to return to your last location Word Order of Sentences and Clauses: Sentences are grammatically independent units of expression. A sentence comprises one or more clauses. A clause has both a subject (sometimes understood) and a predicate (verb) and it functions either as an independent unit (main clause) or as a dependent unit (subordinate clause used as an adverb, an adjective, or a noun). Sentences are classified according to structure and function. Structure SIMPLE: (I know.) [main clause] Ich weiß. COMPOUND: Ich weiß aber sie wissen auch. (I know but they know also.) [two main clauses] COMPLEX: Ich weiß daß sie wissen. COMPOUNDIch weiß und sie wissen daß (I know that they know.) [main clause/sub. clause] COMPLEX: ich weiß. (I know and they know that I know.) [two main clauses/subordinate clause]  Function DECLARATIVE: (I'm going home.) [statement] Ich gehe nach Hause. IMPERATIVE: Gehe (Gehen Sie) nach Hause! (Go home!) [command] INTERROGATIVE: (Are you going home!) [question] Gehst du (Gehen Sie) nach EXCLAMATORY: (Would I were also going home!) Hause? [exclamatory] Ginge ich auch nach Hause! The position of the finite verb (the inflected part of the predicate) in a German clause is more rigidly fixed than in English. In a simple affirmative German statement it is the second element in the main clause. The first element is usually the subject, but this position may be taken for emphasis by an adverb, an adverbial clause or phrase, prepositional phrase, subordinate clause, or by a direct or indirect object if its (or its article's) inflection makes its roll in the clause clear. If the subject is so displaced, it follows the verb. Non-inflected parts of the main verb (infinitives, past participles, and separable verb prefixes) come at the end of the main clause. The following examples illustrate word order in simple declarative German sentences: Simple Declarative Sentence Other Elements Past Participle, Subject or Finite (objects, adverbs, adverbial Infinitive, emphasized other elements Verb phrases) or separable prefixes  Ich sehe    I see  Ich sehe dich  I see you Ich habe dich gesehen [past participle] I have seen (saw) you Mein armer alter dich gestern zufällig in der hat gesehen [past participle] Großvater Schule My poor old grandfather saw you yesterday by chance in the school. Meine Mutter wird dich ihm morgen vorstellen [infinitive] My mother will introduce you to him tomorrow. The above pattern is varied to shift emphasis as shown below: Variations on the Simple Declarative Sentence Structure SUBJECT Other Elements V e Direct r Object b Indirect a Object Objects, l Prepositional Adverbs,  Past Infinitive FINITE VERB Phrase SUBJECT Prepositional P Participle Phrases Adverb r etc. e Subordinate clause f i x Take the simple declarative sentence Der Mann gibt dem Kind den Brief. (The man gives the child the letter.) This sentence can be varied as follows: Der Mann gibt dem Kind den Brief Dem Kind gibt der Mann den Brief Den Brief gibt der Mann dem Kind The finite verb is move to the first position in simple imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory sentences. When it is expressed, the subject follows the verb. When interrogative adverbs or adverbial expressions are used, they precede the finite verb. Typical interrogative adverbs and adverbial expression are as follows: Interrogative Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions wann (when) Wann kommt er an? (When does he arrive?) warum (why) Warum kommt er? (Why is he coming>) wie (how) Wie ist das Wetter heute? (How is the weather today?) wie lange (how long) Wie lange dauert es? (How long does it last?) wie oft (how often) Wie oft besuchen sie dich? (How often do they visit you?) wieviel (how much) Wieviel kostet es? (How much does it cost?) was (what) Was wollen Sie hier? (What do you want here?) wo (where) Wo wohnen Sie (Where do you live?) wohin (where [to]) Wohin gehen Sie? (Where are you going?) woher (where [from]) Woher kommst du? (Where did you come from?) Note: Wo (where) implies no motion. Verbs of motion require direction be indicated either away from [wohin (where to)] or toward [woher (where from)] the speaker. Interrogative pronouns are used... Plik z chomika: heilkraut1 Inne pliki z tego folderu: Absolute Comparatives and Superlatives.doc (30 KB) Accusative Case.doc (34 KB) ADJECTIVE ENDINGS.doc (78 KB) Case.doc (27 KB) Command forms.doc (23 KB) Inne foldery tego chomika: ZgÅ‚oÅ› jeÅ›li naruszono regulamin Strona główna AktualnoÅ›ci Kontakt Dla Mediów DziaÅ‚ Pomocy Opinie Program partnerski Regulamin serwisu Polityka prywatnoÅ›ci Ochrona praw autorskich Platforma wydawców Copyright © 2012 Chomikuj.pl Anglodeutsch Deutschanglo Englische Grammatik Gramatyka Nowy english
