Review of the Einführung

German 030: Kapitel 4 Review (Deutsch Heute)
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Guten Tag, unsere lieben Studenten und Studentinnen:
Housekeeping
The midterm is coming up, and below is the review of Kapitel 4. The
midterm will cover the Einführung and the first four chapters. The
midterm’s format will be very similar to that of the quizzes, but there will be
no oral section.
There is no separate quiz on Kapitel 4, but you have to hand in your Kapitel
4 homework at the midterm. Viel Glück!
Kapitel 4: Wiederholung
Profession/Nationality: no indef. article (in English we’d use “a”)
•Johann ist Student/Lehrer/Metzger.
•Johann ist Kanadier/Deutscher/Amerikaner
*Negation of nationality: “kein” or “nicht” possible
Johann ist kein/nicht Kanadier/Deutscher/Amerikaner
Wissen vs. Kennen:
*Wissen (like “savoir” in French)-> to know a fact
•Ich weiß, dass heute Montag ist. - I know that today is Monday.
*Kennen (like “connaître” in French)-> to be familiar with something, to
know a person or a place
•Ich kenne diese Geschichte (I know [am familiar with] this story)
•Ich kenne diese Frau / Stadt. (I know this woman/city)
N.B. Any time you see the conjunction “dass”, use wissen.
Der-Words
In this chapter you learn:
welche_, diese__, manche__, solche__, jede__
German 030: Kapitel 4 Review (Deutsch Heute)
-the endings are the same as for “DER, DIE, DAS”, which means that the
case of the noun that the DER-words modify will determine your choice of
ending
*Dieser Mann / Diese Frau / Dieses Kind spielt gern Gitarre.
(This man/ this woman/ this child/ likes to play guitar)
-how do we know which endings to use? -> replace the Der-words with the
definite articles DER, DIE, DAS and presto!
*Ich sehe jeden Tisch hier (I see every table here).
-since the definite article in front of this accusative noun would be “DEN”,
the -n ending is attached to jede___ + n = jeden
Verbs: e - ie shift
In “sehen” and “lesen” the du and er/sie/es forms are:
siehst/liest sieht/liest
-the other forms are regular, i.e, based on the infinitive stem (wir sehen)
Modal auxiliaries:
sollen, wollen, müssen, dürfen, mögen (möchte), können
-all irregular, so memorize the conjugations
-dependent infinitives accompany modal verbs and always go to the end
of the sentence
Ich will hier bis Montag bleiben (I want to stay here till Monday).
Pitfalls:
WOllen
“Wollen” in the ich, du and er/sie forms (will, willst, will) looks like the verb
“WILL” in English (I will go there), but it doesn’t mean WILL! It means
“want.”
Mögen
“Ich mag” etc. means “I like”, i.e., I have a predilection for something in
general rather than on a particular occasion.
•Ich mag Apfelsaft (I like apple juice [same as “Ich trinke gern Apfelsaft])
*This verb is often used without a dependent infinitive.
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German 030: Kapitel 4 Review (Deutsch Heute)
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Möchte
This is the conditional form of “mögen”, and its meaning is different:
“would like,” i.e., preference for something on a particular occasion rather
than in general.
•Ich möchte Apfelsaft (trinken) - I would like (to drink [now]) apple juice
Separable prefix:
English-> verb + particle (bring along);
German-> prefix + verb (mitbringen)
-some prefix-verb combinations are not separable, e.g., übersetzen, e.g.,
Ich übersetze den Satz ins Deutsche. (I’m translating the sentence into
German)
-others are separable:
mitbringen, e.g., Ich bringe die Bücher mit. (I am bringing the books along)
N.B. Separable prefixes are not detached from the verb in the infinitive: Ich
muss morgen das Buch mitbringen. (I have to bring the book along
tomorrow)
*Note the raised dot between prefix and verb in the vocabulary at the back
and in word lists in every chapter. This is how you know if the prefix is
separable or not.